深層水炭化水素開発：支援技術

INTRODUCTION

STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES

Business Communications Company, BCC, Inc., has just completed study on the world markets for deepwater hydrocarbon exploitation highlighting enabling systems and supplies. The study quantifies the global market for enabling systems and supplies in deepwater hydrocarbon exploitation and assesses the role of technology in the exploitation of deepwater hydrocarbons. It quantifies the global market for enabling systems and supplies by type of product, application and technology, and the relationships between the major services, supplies, and chemicals.

Detail is given to the various technologies involved in exploiting deepwater hydrocarbon resources, including the critical stages of processing and how these technologies relate to the global market pattern for enabling systems and supplies in deepwater pipelines, floating production systems, and fixed platforms. The objective of this BCC report is to provide a critical and detailed evaluation of the current status of the global market for enabling systems and supplies technology in the deepwater hydrocarbon industry.

REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY

Deepwater development is the engine driving new energy production in the world. It has emerged as the world-class oil and gas province and is a major source of economic growth and energy supply. A push by Western countries to reduce the world's reliance on Middle East oil reserves has made deepwater fields more attractive to develop.

As hydrocarbon resources continue to shrink conversely to the rising demand, deepwater drilling has become increasingly essential to maintain a balance. Deepwater reserves are the answer to a dwindling supply of oil. The rising price of oil will enable the advancement of technology from 2001 to 2006. The report discusses the market for enabling systems and supplies, technological improvements, and deepwater activities/projects worldwide.

Deregulation and restructuring of the global hydrocarbons industry in many countries worldwide has led to the development of new markets for enabling systems in deepwater hydrocarbon exploitation. These newer markets have significantly expanded the market for enabling systems. Also, over the past three years, new environmental legislation has come on-stream encouraging the use of cleaner hydrocarbons such as natural gas. These factors coupled with the continued opening up of new deepwater regions worldwide by governments have encouraged operators to invest in deepwater hydrocarbon projects.

The deepwater industry has experienced a strong comeback in commodity oil and gas prices, which has fueled an improving drilling market. At this stage, rig day rates are approaching-and will perhaps during a short period of time exceed-replacement cost day rates.

New technology in deepwater semisubmersibles and drillships capable of exploring deepwater areas has drastically reduced the cost of producing a barrel of crude. For example, in 200 meters of water the price has dropped from between $13-$15 per barrel to the current level of between $6-$8 per barrel. In addition, the 1998 to 2001 time frame witnessed continued advances in drilling technologies such as slender well designs with some industry experts predicting the commercial arrival of riserless drilling in the foreseeable future.

Technology currently exists for power generation in fuel cells and gas conversion in Fischer Tropsch synthesis. These are creating possibilities for monetizing more remote deeper water gas and associated gas produced in marginal oil fields. Renewed interest in these processes has created huge investments in the deepwater hydrocarbons industry worldwide. Many oil companies and governments worldwide continue to invest in deepwater projects because they often produce impressive flowrates, which will eventually offset the high exploration and development costs.

Therefore, the market for enabling systems and supplies, via the exploitation of deepwater hydrocarbons, will expand massively from 2001 to 2006. This will be driven by technological advances in drilling and the fast-improving ability to carry out better subsurface characterization and prediction, which is reducing the risk for operators. Use of deepwater hydrocarbons will enhance energy security for the more developed countries in North America and Europe. For the developing nations such as Angola and Nigeria, it will help boost exports and generate much-needed foreign exchange.

Therefore the main reasons for carrying out the study are:

• To assess and quantify the current global market for enabling systems and supplies technology in deepwater hydrocarbon exploitation.
• To assess the various enabling systems and supplies needed to facilitate the exploitation of deepwater hydrocarbons in the global context.
• To evaluate and quantify the impact of enabling systems and supplies on the global demand for crude oil, natural gas, and international trade.
• To evaluate the economic, industrial and environmental benefits of the use of deepwater hydrocarbon resources.

CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY AND FOR WHOM

The role of deepwater hydrocarbons as the primary energy source globally is growing rapidly. From 2001 through 2006, the use of deepwater hydrocarbon resources as the primary feedstock for the manufacture of chemicals and petrochemicals is also expected to make some rapid advances. The three years between 1998 and 2001 have also witnessed the emergence of new technologies in energy with fuel cells and the resurgence of gas conversion in Fischer-Tropsch processes. Deepwater resource availability, impressive flowrates and the acoustic prediction of reservoirs and hydrocarbons all indicate strong expansion for enabling systems. Natural gas is also replacing other traditional fuels in residential, commercial and transportation end-uses as well. Therefore deepwater natural gas will offer the unique opportunity of making a significant contribution to the global program to reduce reliance on high carbon content fuels and thus facilitate compliance to international agreements.

The study will therefore be useful to project managers; deepwater engineers; facility/staff engineers; drilling managers; production managers/staff engineers; development engineers; structural engineers; petroleum engineers; exploration geologists; deepwater exploration analysts; naval and marine architects; pipeline engineers; ROV technology specialists; subsea engineers; business development engineers; marketing managers; company directors; business professionals; consulting agencies; strategic planners; forecasters; new product and business developers; technology entrepreneurs; decision makers in the chemical, petroleum and energy industries as well as government agencies, venture capitalists, and those involved in research and development work worldwide.

SCOPE AND FORMAT

The report assesses, evaluates and analyses the global market and utilization for enabling systems and supplies technology in deepwater hydrocarbon exploitation as well as the near term options for technical developments to meet the forecasted market. The report is divided into four main sections.

It begins with an overview of the deepwater industry and the various enabling systems and supplies technologies. The overview describes the importance of enabling systems and supplies in relation to the deepwater industry including a brief history and important indications for the industry. The major enabling systems such as deepwater pipelines and floating production systems are reviewed.

The report then goes on to analyze the technology including deepwater exploration, drilling production, subsea production, processing systems and transportation & lift, respectively. Developments in deepwater technology including the various approaches and processes have also been assessed. The report gives extensive detail on emerging and new technology and shows how these systems and supplies will play a crucial role in reducing marginal field economics. The enabling systems technology is presented covering patent evaluation and markets by type of technology-from production to supply, support vessels and containers, services, and chemicals.

Global investment in enabling technology for deepwater hydrocarbon exploitation is assessed by region including exploration and development spending. The corporate plans of major operators are considered, so too are the various advances in enabling systems technologies.

The report then goes on to detail the major players and trends including the industry leaders in enabling system research and development, including the expertise and know-how of the more important companies.

METHODOLOGY

In this report both historic and current data have been used for analyzing the market for enabling systems deepwater hydrocarbon exploitation. The results of the calculations presented here are therefore based on three components; a historic analysis of the global market for the period 1998 to 2001 and estimates for 2001 and forecasted market scenario for the 2001 to 2006 time frame. The report also gives estimates of the market for enabling systems by field size and development.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION

• STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES
• REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
• CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY AND FOR WHOM
• SCOPE AND FORMAT
• METHODOLOGY
• INFORMATION SOURCES
• AUTHORS CREDENTIALS
• BCC ON-LINE SERVICES
• INTERNET
• RELATED REPORTS

SUMMARY

• KEY FINDINGS FROM THE STUDY

Summary Table. WORLD MARKETS FOR DEEPWATER HYDROCARBON EXPLOITATION ENABLING SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2006 ($ MILLIONS)

• REGIONAL ACTIVITY

Summary Figure. WORLD MARKETS FOR DEEPWATER HYDROCARBON EXPLOITATION ENABLING SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, 1998-2006 ($ MILLIONS)

OVERVIEW

• INTRODUCTION
• IMPORTANCE OF ENABLING SYSTEMS IN DEEPWATER HYDROCARBON EXPLOITATION
• IMPORTANT INDICATIONS FOR ENABLING SYSTEMS IN THE DEEPWATER INDUSTRY
• GLOBAL MARKET FOR DEEPWATER PIPELINES

Table 1. BCC MARKET REVIEW OF GLOBAL PIPELINE ENABLING SYSTEMS, THROUGH 2006 (MILES)

• NORTH AMERICA
• EUROPE
• ASIA
• ROW
  • SOUTH AMERICA
  • MIDDLE EAST
  • AFRICA

GLOBAL DEEPWATER PROJECTS

• NORTH AMERICA
• EUROPE
• ASIA
• REST OF THE WORLD
  • BRAZIL
  • WEST AFRICA
  • NORTH AFRICA

MARKET FOR FLOATING PRODUCTION SYSTEMS

• NORTH AMERICA
• EUROPE
• ASIA
• ROW
  • WEST AFRICA
  • BRAZIL

Table 2. FLOATING PRODUCTION SYSTEMS BY REGION, THROUGH 2006 ($ BILLIONS)

• FPS PROJECTS
  • U.S. GULF OF MEXICO
  • WEST AFRICA
  • BRAZIL
  • NORTH SEA

Table 3. BCC REVIEW OF UPCOMING FLOATING PRODUCTION SYSTEM PROJECTS WORLDWIDE

Table 3 (CONTINUED)

• MARKET FOR FIXED PLATFORMS

Table 4. BCC REVIEW OF UPCOMING FIXED PLATFORM PRODUCTION SYSTEM MARKETS WORLDWIDE, 2002-2007

Table 4 (CONTINUED)

Table 4 (CONTINUED)

Table 4 (CONTINUED)

• TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES
• TECHNICAL ISSUES IN DEEPWATER DRILLING
• HISTORY OF ENABLING SYSTEMS IN DEEPWATER HYDROCARBON EXPLOITATION
• THE EARLY YEARS
• THE YEARS OF TECHNOLOGICAL CHANGE
• MOVING OFFSHORE
  • REGULATING DEEPWATER OPERATIONS
  • REGULATION IN THE LAST 20 YEARS
• THE FUTURE
• DESCRIPTION OF THE DEEPWATER HYDROCARBON INDUSTRY
• MAJOR ENABLING SYSTEMS FOR DEEPWATER HYDROCARBON EXPLOITATION
• GLOBAL MARKET OF ENABLING SYSTEMS FOR DEEPWATER HYDROCARBON EXPLOITATION
  • GLOBAL MARKET … EXPLOITATION (CONTINUED)

TECHNOLOGY

• INTRODUCTION
• DEEPWATER HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGY
  • SEISMOLOGY
    • SEISMIC-PATTERN RECOGNITION
    • TIME-LAPSE SEISMICS
    • SEISMIC INVERSION AND GEOLOGICAL MODELING
    • DOWNHOLE SEISMIC DATA WHILE DRILLING
    • HIGH-DENSITY SURVEYS
    • INVERSION
• DEEPWATER DRILLING TECHNOLOGY
  • DEEPWATER DRILLING AND COMPLETIONS TECHNOLOGY
  • DUAL GRADIENT DRILLING
  • UNDER-BALANCED DRILLING (UBD)
  • TENDER-ASSISTED DRILLING
  • HYDRATE PREVENTION AND REMOVAL
    • HYDRATES PREVENTION
    • REMEDIAL ACTION
    • EQUIPMENT MODIFICATION
  • MUDLIFT PUMP
  • DRILLSTRING VALVE
  • SUBSEA ROTATING DIVETER
  • SENSORS
  • SAND MANAGEMENT STRATEGIES
  • COMPLETIONS
    • DRILLING THE OPENHOLE SECTION
    • HOLE CLEANING
    • COMPLETION OPERATIONS
    • PRODUCTION/INJECTION STARTUP
    • MULTILATERAL OPERATIONS
  • LANDING STRINGS
    • TUBES
    • CONNECTIONS
    • SLIP AND UPSET AREA
  • PLATFORM
  • DRILLING FLUIDS
    • DRILLING FLUIDS (CONTINUED)
    • COILED TUBING OPERATIONS
• DEEPWATER HYDROCARBON PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
  • FLOW ASSURANCE
  • DEEPWATER ENVIRONMENT
  • WELLS
    • CEMENTING
    • ANCHORING AND SUPPORTING THE CASING
    • ZONAL ISOLATION AT THE INTERFACES
    • ZONAL ISOLATION
    • SAND CONTROL
    • LIFTING
      • ROD PUMPING
      • OTHERS
    • STIMULATION
    • FRACTURING
    • PUMPING OFF
• SUBSEA PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
  • XMAS TREE SYSTEM
  • WELLHEAD SYSTEM
  • PLUGGING AND ABANDONMENT (P&A)
    • MULTI-FUNCTION FISHING TOOL
    • MULTI-STRING CASING CUTTER
    • COMBINATION EXTRACTOR
    • HYDRAULIC SPEAR
    • THE UNIVERSAL WELLHEAD RETRIEVING SYSTEM (UWRS)
  • INSTALLATION AND INTERVENTION RISER SYSTEM
  • SUBSEA TEST TREE SYSTEM
  • TEMPLATE MANIFOLD SYSTEM
  • SUBSEA CONTROL SYSTEM
  • WELL JUMPER CONNECTION SYSTEM
  • CONTROLS JUMPER CONNECTION SYSTEM
  • CHEMICAL INJECTION
  • HYDRATE CONTROL
  • AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLE (AUV)
    • AUVS TO THE RESCUE
    • AUV POSITIONING
    • SURVEY TIME
    • SURVEY DATA
  • UMBILICAL, FLOWLINE AND RISER SYSTEMS
    • FLOWLINE SYSTEM
    • RISER SYSTEM
    • UMBILICALS
  • FOATING PRODUCTION, STORAGE AND OFFLOADING (FPSO) SYSTEM
    • MOORING SYSTEM
      • SINGLE-ANCHOR-LEG MOORING SYSTEM
      • TURRET
    • MECHANICAL CONNECTION
      • MOORING LINES
      • FLUID-TRANSFER SYSTEM
    • SLIP RINGS
      • APPLICATIONS
      • DEEPER WATER
      • FLOATING PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
      • HIGHER BANDWIDTHS
      • SINGLEMODE OPTICAL FIBER
      • RECENT DEVELOPMENTS
    • DEEPWATER ARTIFICIAL LIFT SYSTEMS
      • GAS LIFT
      • ELECTRIC SUBMERSIBLE PUMP
      • HYDRAULIC JET PUMP
      • HYDRAULIC SUBMERSIBLE PUMP
      • PROGRESSING CAVITY PUMP
      • SEABED PUMP
      • ROD PUMP

• DEEPWATER HYDROCARBON PROCESSING SYSTEMS

• PROCESSING FUNCTION
• WELL TESTING
• SUBSEA SEPARATION

• FLOW ENHANCEMENT
• SEPARATION COMPONENTS

• SOUR GAS HANDLING

• AQUEOUS AMINE/CLAUS/TDT COMBINATIONS
• AQUEOUS SULFUR RECOVERY PROCESSES
• AQUEOUS-IRON REDOX PROCESSES
• AMINE/AQUEOUS-IRON REDOX COMBINATIONS
• THE NONAQUEOUS CRYSTASULF PROCESS

• DEEPWATER TRANSPORTATION AND LIFT TECHNOLOGY

• DEEPWATER PIPELINES
• TWO-PHASE (OIL-GAS) PIPELINES
• CRUDE OIL/CONDENSATE PIPELINES
• NATURAL GAS PIPELINES
• LIFT-GAS PIPELINES
• NITROGEN PIPELINES
• PIPELINE CONSTRUCTION

• SUBSEA ARCTIC PIPELINES

• CONSTRUCTION MOBILIZATION
• CIVIL WORKS
• TRENCHING
• FABRICATION AND LOWERING
• OPERATING REQUIREMENTS
• INSPECTION PIGGING
• LEAK DETECTION

• PIPELINE EXECUTION

• HEAVY-LIFT SYSTEMS

• HEAVY DECK REMOVAL VESSELS

• LIFTOUT VESSEL
• CONSTRUCTION COSTS
• TYPICAL LIFTS
• REMOVAL SEQUENCE
• JACKET REMOVAL

• SEVERING TECHNOLOGY

• EXPLOSIVE METHODS
• NON-EXPLOSIVE METHODS
• SUBSEA TECHNOLOGY

• SEABED DREDGING

• DEEPWATER PIPELINE/FLANGE MAINTENANCE/REPAIR

• REPAIRS TO PIPES REMOTE FROM FLANGES

• STRUCTURAL SUPPORT FOR THE DEFECTIVE PIPE
• REPAIR CLAMP DESIGN CONSIDERATIONS
• SEALING ARRANGEMENTS
• SINGLE VERSUS DOUBLE SEAL ARRANGEMENTS

• REPAIRS TO FLANGED JOINTS

• INJECTED-SEAL REPAIR OF FLANGED JOINTS

• PIGS

• NATURAL GAS TRANSPORTATION TECHNOLOGY

• LNG SHIPPING
• COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS TRANSPORTATION (CNG)
• SHUTTLE TANKER TRANSPORTATION

• DEEPWATER HYDROCARBON STORAGE TECHNOLOGY

• ABOVE GROUND STORAGE TECHNOLOGY
• LIQUEFIED NATURAL GAS (LNG)

• FLOATING LNG
• COMPRESSED NATURAL GAS (CNG)
• FRAC VESSEL STORAGE
• FLOATING PRODUCTION, STORAGE AND OFFLOADING (FPSO)

• UNDERGROUND STORAGE TECHNOLOGY

• DEPLETED DEEPWATER GAS OR OIL FIELDS
• SALT FORMATIONS
• SALT DOMES
• SALT BED

• DEEPWATER HYDROCARBONS CONVERSION TECHNOLOGY

• TEMPERATURE LIQUEFACTION (LNG)
• SYNTHESIS GAS TECHNOLOGY

• REFORMING TECHNOLOGY
• GAS-TO-LIQUIDS (GTL)

• DEEPWATER POWER GENERATION TECHNOLOGY

• GAS TURBINES
• RECIPROCATING ENGINES
• FUEL CELLS

• DEEPWATER REINJECTION TECHNOLOGY

• GAS REINJECTION
• DRILL CUTTINGS REINJECTION

• INJECTION CONTROL
• DRIVES AND CONTROL

• DEEPWATER FLARING/VENTING TECHNOLOGY
• DEEPWATER ACCOMMODATION TECHNOLOGY

• ACCOMMODATION MODULES

• DEEPWATER UNDERWATER TECHNOLOGY

• AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLES (AUVS)
• SUBMARINES

• SUBMARINES (CONTINUED)

• REMOTELY OPERATED VEHICLES (ROVS)

• DEEPWATER ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY

• WEATHER

• PLATFORM
• FLOATING, PRODUCTION, STORAGE AND OFFLOADING (FPSO) VESSEL
• RADAR AND AIRBORNE SURVEILLANCE
• WORK BOATS
• SUBSEA FACILITY

• AIR POLLUTION
• DRILL CUTTINGS
• WASTE LIQUIDS
• CLEAN POWER GENERATION
• GLOBAL WARMING
• EMISSIONS FROM DEEPWATER OIL/GAS OPERATIONS
• FLARING
• INCINERATION
• MICRO-TURBINES
• ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF DEEPWATER HYDROCARBONS EXPLOITATION TECHNOLOGY

• ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF … TECHNOLOGY (CONTINUED)
• ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF … TECHNOLOGY (CONTINUED)
• HEALTH AND SAFETY ISSUES

• HABITABILITY
• ACCOMMODATION DESIGN
• WHOLE-BODY VIBRATION
• NOISE CONDITIONS
• INDOOR CLIMATE
• LIGHTING

• TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT

Table 5. TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT

Table 5 (CONTINUED)

Table 5 (CONTINUED)

Table 5 (CONTINUED)

Table 5 (CONTINUED)

Table 5 (CONTINUED)

Table 5 (CONTINUED)

Table 5 (CONTINUED)

Table 5 (CONTINUED)

Table 5 (CONTINUED)

• PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTS AND IMPORTANT APPROACHES

Table 6. PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTS/IMPORTANT APPROACHES

Table 6 (CONTINUED)

Table 6 (CONTINUED)

• PROCESS/APPLICATION

Table 7. PROCESSES AND APPLICATIONS

Table 7 (CONTINUED)

• EMERGING/NEW TECHNOLOGIES

• EXPLORATION/PRODUCTION

• SOLID EXPANDABLE CASING TECHNOLOGY

• MARINE MULTICOMPONENT SEISMIC ACQUISITION TECHNOLOGY
• HIGH-DENSITY SURVEYS

• SINGLE-SOURCE ACQUISITION
• IMPROVED SEISMIC RESOLUTION
• FASTER INTERPRETATIONS

• DEEPWATER SIMULATOR
• MULTICOMPONENT INDUCTION TECHNOLOGY
• PORTABLE WELL TESTING
• DUAL GRADIENT DRILLING
• SEMISUBMERSIBLE TENDER ASSIST DRILLING

• LIGHTWEIGHT PLATFORM DRILLING PACKAGES:
• SMALLERS DES FOOTPRINT:
• SPEEDY SELF-ERECTION
• ACCOMMODATION AND/OR CONSTRUCTION PLATFORM
• LARGE STORAGE AREA
• WELL TESTING/EXTENDED WELL TESTING:
• AUXILLARY FUNCTIONS
• INDEPENDENT SAFE HAVEN
• INCREASED OVERALL OPERATING EFFICIENCY

• JET-ASSISTED COILED TUBING DRILLING
• MUD-HAMMER DRILLING
• HYDRAULIC PULSE DRILLING
• DATA WHILE DRILLING
• LASER DRILLING
• RISERLESS DRILLING
• SHORT-RADIUS SYSTEM (THE ANTECH COLT)
• AUTOMATED VERTICAL DRILLING UNIT
• HYPERSTATIC RISER SYSTEM
• LEANER PROFILE DRILLING SYSTEM
• HYDRAULIC THRUSTING DEVICE
• LOWER MARINE RISER PACKAGE (LMRP)
• DISPARATE BICENTER DRILL DESIGN-1,500 PSI SUBSEA ELECTRICAL FEEDTHROUGH
• FIBER-OPTIC CABLE SYSTEM FOR MONITORING AN OIL FIELD
• AUTONOMOUS SEAFLOOR SEISMOGRAPHS FOR WIDE APERTURE IMAGING
• STORAGE AREA NETWORK
• REAL-TIME MONITORING OF DRILLING AND PRODUCTION OPERATIONS
• SUBSEA PIG LAUNCHING SYSTEMS
• HIGH-PERFORMANCE DRILLING FLUID
• DEEP-DRAFT CAISSON VESSELS (DDDCV)
• ENZYME BREAKER TECHNOLOGY
• DUAL GRADIENT RISER SYSTEM FOR ULTRADEEP WATER
• AUTOMATED HYDRAULIC POWER TONG SYSTEM

• TRADITIONAL APPROACH/ALTERNATIVE
• OPERATING PRINCIPLE

• REAL-TIME FEEDBACK FOR SUBSEA CASING-HANGER LANDING OPERATIONS
• WIRELINE-STEERABLE BOTTOMHOLE ASSEMBLY
• INTELLIGENT WELLS OR INTELLIGENT COMPLETION SYSTEMS
• RETRIEVABLE MEASUREMENT WHILE DRILLING (MWD) TOOL
• COILED TUBING
• SATELLITE RADAR
• DRILLING BIT
• FRACTURE GEOMETRY
• COMPOSITE FRACTURING PLUG (CFP)
• FLOW ASSURANCE
• SBM NOVEL FLUID TRANSFER SYSTEM
• AUTONOMOUS UNDERWATER VEHICLE (AUV)
• DEEPWATER ALTERNATING CURRENT FIELD MEASUREMENT (ACFM)
• PERMANENT DOWNHOLE SENSORS

• ELECTRONIC SENSORS
• NONELECTRONIC SENSORS

• FIBER OPTIC
• ELECTRICAL RESONATING DIAPHRAGM
• NEW SENSOR MEASUREMENT

• PROCESSING

• NATURAL GAS CONDITIONING

• SUPERSONIC GAS SEPARATION
• MEMBRANE CONTACTOR
• SILICA GEL HYDROCARBON DEWPOINTING
• BIODESULFURIZATION PROCESS

• SUBSEA SEPARATION
• MIDWATER PROCESSING PIPE BUNDLE
• LANDFARMING

• LANDFARMING AND SLUDGE TREATMENT

• STORAGE

• LNG STORAGE TANKS
• GAS STORAGE WELLS
• SUBMERGED PONTOON STORAGE HULL

• TRANSPORTATION AND LIFT
• TRENCHLESS TECHNOLOGY
• COSELLE
• VOTRANS
• RECIPROCATING-COMPRESSOR VALVE
• PLASTIC PIPE MATERIALS
• POLYPROPYLENE COATING DEVELOPED FOR DEEPWATER PIPELINES
• POLYPROPYLENE COATING DEVELOPED FOR DEEPWATER PIPELINES (CONTINUED)
• DOUBLE-ACTING TECHNOLOGY (DAT)
• GAS METERING SYSTEMS-PAY-FOR-USE METERS (PFU)

• ULTRASONIC GAS METERING
• CORIOLIS GAS FLOWMETERS

• INTERNAL PIPELINE INSPECTION
• DEEPWATER PIPELINE REPAIR SYSTEM (DPRS)
• LNG PRODUCTION/TRANSPORTATION
• OFFSHORE GAS-TO-SOLIDS
• SINGLE-LIFT REMOVAL SYSTEMS

• LIFTING PROCEDURE
• WEIGHT AND CENTER OF GRAVITY
• COST SAVINGS

• ALTERNATIVE HEAVY-LIFT METHODS

• VERSATRUS
• THE GM HEAVY LIFT VESSEL (GMHL)
• THE PIETER SCHELTE
• THE MARINE SHUTTLE
• THE MPU HEAVY LIFTER
• JOHN GIBSON PROJECTS LTD. (JGP)
• TYPE OF BUOYANCY DEVICE (1)
• TYPE OF BUOYANCY DEVICE (2)

• WATER COLUMN DREDGER
• NEXT GENERATION HEAVY LIFT
• IMPROVED RESCUE BOAT OPERABILITY
• FLARING/VENTING

• CLEAN ENCLOSED BURNER (CEB)

• CLEVER FLARE LIGHTER

• NOVEL COMBUSTION DESIGN

• REINJECTION

• DRY GAS SEALS
• ALTERNATIVE IMPELLERS-TO-SHAFTS DESIGN
• SPARK-ERODED IMPELLERS

• ENERGY, POWER AND MECHANICAL DRIVE

• MICROTURBINES
• FUEL CELLS
• HIGH PERFORMANCE STEAM BOILERS

• PIN TUBES

• HIGH EFFICIENCY TURBINES
• SELF-CONTAINED POWER SYSTEM

• OFFSHORE CONDITIONS
• SYSTEM OPERATION

• POWER DISTRIBUTION

• NATURAL GAS CONVERSION

• GTL CONVERSION

• ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY
  • LOWER EMISSION, HIGHER EFFICIENCY TANKER
  • IMPROVED AIR QUALITY
  • QUICKER VESSEL CLEANING
    • DOUBLE SPRAYS
  • PRESERVATION OF POTABLE WATER PURITY
  • PROTECTIVE HEADSETS
  • WAVE POWER
  • PETROLEUM SPILL CLEANUP
  • LOW EMISSION, HIGHER EFFICIENCY TANKER
  • APPLICATION ENVELOPES
• DEEPWATER GAS CONVERSION VERSUS TEMPERATURE LIQUEFACTION

  • TANKERS VERSUS FPSOS
  • SEMISUBMERSIBLES VERSUS SPARS

• DEEPWATER TECHNOLOGY CHALLENGES AND REFINEMENT

  • LNG
  • GTL
  • DRILLING
  • PRODUCTION SYSTEMS
  • FLOTATION SUPPORTS
  • FLOW ASSURANCE
  • LONG-TERM HULL DEPLOYMENT

• DEEPWATER DEVELOPMENT CHALLENGES
  • SYSTEM SELECTION

Table 8. UNIT OPERATIONS AND EQUIPMENT/SYSTEMS TYPE - LNG VS GAS CONVERSION

• DEEPWATER ENABLING SYSTEMS SIMPLIFICATION
• ENABLING SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY ADAPTATION IN DEEPWATER APPLICATIONS (''MARINIZATION'')

• DRILLING

• COILED TUBING
• DRILL BITS
• DIRECTIONAL DRILLING
• LOGGING WHILE DRILLING (LWD)
• MEASUREMENT WHILE DRILLING (MWD)
• SOUND SUPPRESSION
• HIGH-EFFICIENCY FILTRATION
• DEXA NET OPN

• DIGITIZED SURVEY SYSTEM
• HEAVY-LIFT USING A MODULAR JACKING SYSTEM
• SUPER ROBOT
• EMERGENCY SHOWERS
• TRACKING MARINE MAMMALS
• SUBSEA PROCESSING

• PATENT EVALUATION FOR ENABLING SYSTEMS IN DEEPWATER HYDROCARBON EXPLOITATION
• EXPLORATION
• DRILLING
• PRODUCTION
• PROCESSING
• TRANSPORTATION

Table 9. MAJOR WORLD PATENT EVALUATION FOR ENABLING SYSTEMS IN DEEPWATER HYDROCARBON EXPLOITATION, THROUGH 2002

DEEPWATER HYDROCARBON EXPLORATION TECHNOLOGY MARKETS

• MARKET FOR ENABLING SYSTEMS IN DEEPWATER BY SEGMENT TECHNOLOGY
• FLOWLINES AND UMBILICALS
• PLATFORMS
• WELLS
• TREES
• TEMPLATES AND MANIFOLD
• CONTROLS
• CONTROL LINES

Table 10. MARKET FOR ENABLING SYSTEMS IN DEEPWATER, BY SEGMENT TECHNOLOGY, 1998-2006 (%)

• MARKET FOR ENABLING SYSTEMS IN DEEPWATER BY CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY
• OFFSHORE LUBRICANTS AND FLUIDS
• SUBSEA CONTROL FLUIDS
• SEALANTS
• DRILLING AND SPECIALTY FLUIDS
  • DRILLING AND SPECIALTY FLUIDS (CONTINUED)
• HYDRATE AND PARAFFIN PREVENTERS

Table 11. MARKET FOR DEEPWATER HYDROCARBONS EXPLOITATION, BY CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2006 ($ MILLIONS)

Figure 1. MARKET FOR DEEPWATER HYDROCARBONS EXPLOITATION, BY CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY, 1998-2006 ($ MILLIONS)

• MARKET FOR ENABLING SYSTEMS IN DEEPWATER, BY DRILLING CONSUMABLES TECHNOLOGY
• USED DRILL PIPE
• TUBULARS
• ARTIFICIAL LIFT

Table 12. MARKET FOR ENABLING SYSTEMS BY IN DEEPWATER, BY DRILLING CONSUMABLES TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2006 ($ BILLIONS)

Figure 2. MARKET FOR ENABLING SYSTEMS BY IN DEEPWATER, BY DRILLING CONSUMABLES TECHNOLOGY, 1998-2006 ($ BILLIONS)

• MARKET FOR ENABLING SYSTEMS IN DEEPWATER BY SERVICE SUPPLY VESSEL TECHNOLOGY
• MARKET FOR … TECHNOLOGY (CONTINUED)
• GENERAL-PURPOSE ANCHOR HANDLING TUG/SUPPLY VESSELS (AHTS)
• PLATFORM SUPPLY VESSELS
• SEISMIC SUPPLY VESSELS

Table 13. MARKET FOR ENABLING SYSTEMS IN DEEPWATER, BY SERVICE-SUPPLY VESSEL TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2006 (NUMBER OF SYSTEMS)

Table 14. MARKET FOR ENABLING SYSTEMS IN DEEPWATER, BY SERVICE-SUPPLY VESSEL TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2006 ($ MILLIONS)

• MARKET FOR ENABLING SYSTEMS IN DEEPWATER, BY ENVIRONMENTAL TECHNOLOGY
• NONSMOKELESS FLARING TECHNOLOGY
• SMOKELESS FLARING TECHNOLOGY

Table 15. MARKET FOR ENABLING SYSTEMS, BY ENVIRONMENTAL (FLARING) TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2006 ($ MILLIONS)

Figure 3. MARKET FOR ENABLING SYSTEMS, BY ENVIRONMENTAL (FLARING) TECHNOLOGY, 1998-2006 ($ MILLIONS)

• MARKET FOR ENABLING SYSTEMS IN DEEPWATER, BY WATER DEPTH TECHNOLOGY
• <500 METERS
• 501-800 METERS
• 801-1,500 METERS
• > 1,501 METERS

Table 16. MARKET FOR ENABLING SYSTEMS, BY WATER DEPTH TECHNOLOGY THROUGH 2006 (NUMBER OF SUBSEA COMPLETIONS)

WORLD INVESTMENT IN ENABLING SYSTEMS FOR DEEPWATER HYDROCARBON EXPLOITATION

• INTRODUCTION
• NORTH AMERICA
• EUROPE
• ASIA
• ROW
• AFRICA
• SECOND TIER AFRICA
• BRAZIL
• MIDDLE EAST/CASPIAN/MEDITERRANEAN

Table 17. WORLD INVESTMENT IN ENABLING SYSTEMS FOR DEEPWATER HYDROCARBON EXPLOITATION, BY REGION, THROUGH 2006 ($ BILLIONS)

Figure 4. WORLD INVESTMENT IN ENABLING SYSTEMS FOR DEEPWATER HYDROCARBON EXPLOITATION, BY REGION, 1998-2006 ($ BILLIONS)

• WORLD EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT SPENDING
• NORTH AMERICA
• EUROPE
• ASIA
• ROW
  • AFRICA
    • WEST AFRICA
    • NORTH AFRICA
    • SOUTH AMERICA
  • BRAZIL
  • PERU
• MIDDLE EAST/CASPIAN SEA

Table 18. WORLD EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT SPENDING, BY REGION THROUGH 2006 ($ BILLIONS)

Figure 5. WORLD EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT SPENDING, BY REGION 1998-2006 ($ BILLIONS)

• CORPORATE PLANS
• EXXONMOBIL
• CHEVRON TEXACO
• SHELL
• BP
• WOODSIDE PETROLEUM

Table 19. CAPITAL AND EXPLORATORY SPENDING, THROUGH 2006 ($ BILLIONS)

• TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES IN ENABLING SYSTEMS FOR DEEPWATER HYDROCARBON EXPLOITATION
• SEISMIC
  • EARTH MODELING
• RESERVOIR MANAGEMENT
  • FEWER WELLS/RESERVOIR
• COMPOSITE MATERIALS
• WELBORE INFORMATION
• SMALLER FIELDS
• FLOW ASSURANCE
• REDUCING CYCLE TIME
• INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY
• GAS PROCESSING
• SMART WELLS
• EXPANDABLE TUBULARS
• MULTILATERALS
• SURFACE BOP DRILLING
• FREESTANDING RISER

INDUSTRY PLAYERS AND TRENDS

• INDUSTRY LEADERS IN ENABLING SYSTEMS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT
• MAURER TECHNOLOGY INC.
• NOVATEK
• TEMPRESS TECHNOLOGIES INC.
• GAS TECHNOLOGY INSTITUTE
• GLOBAL PETROLEUM RESEARCH INSTITUTE
• NORWEGIAN GOVERNMENT
• CHEVRONTEXACO
• TEXAS A&M UNIVERSITY
• PHOTONICS LABORATORY (VIRGINIA TECH)
• ROSE AND ASSOCIATES LLP (R&A)
• KVAERNER MASA-YARDS' TECHNOLOGY CENTRE (MARC)
• CTES, L.C./VARCO INTERNATIONAL
• SANDIA NATIONAL LABORATORIES
• SHELL E&P
• CONOCO
• BAKER HUGHES AND TRANSOCEAN SEDCO FOREX
• PETROLEUM EQUIPMENT DIVISION OF STEWART & STEVENSON
• GEOSPECTRUM, INC.
• BOUYGUES OFFSHORE
• ADVANCED RESOURCES INTERNATIONAL, INC. (ARI)
• SANDVIK STEEL
• SEITEL
• BP PLC AND KVAERNER PROCESS TECHNOLOGY
• C-FER TECHNOLOGIES
• ENVENTURE GLOBAL TECHNOLOGY LLC
• ARGONNE/BP
• BLUE STAR SUSTAINABLE TECHNOLOGIES CORPORATION
• SPERRY SUN DRILLING SERVICES AND WESTPORT TECHNOLOGY CENTER INTERNATIONAL
• GASTEC NV
• NORSKE/CONOCO/DUPONT/KVAERNER
• TEXACO
• INSTITUT FRANCAIS DU PETROLE (IFP)
• CANMET ENERGY TECHNOLOGY CENTRE (CETC)
• ABB/BP/CHEVRONTEXACO/KVAERNER
• UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY (U.S. DOE)
• COMPANY EXPERTISE
• SKYCOMM INTERNATIONAL
• HYDROWA B.V.
• RIGGING MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS
• THE U.S. COAST GUARD
• LAHOLM INDUSTRIER AB
• STOLT OFFSHORE
• LIDAN MARINE
• NERA SATELLITE SERVICES LTD (NSSL)
• SCHLUMBERGER OIL & GAS INFORMATION SOLUTIONS
• SCHLUMBERGER OILFIELD SERVICES
• STALMONTERINGER AB STALAB
• HAGGLUNDS DRIVES
• COPIPE SYSTEMS
• ABB
• THE LINCOLN ELECTRIC CO.
• ROCKWELL AUTOMATION
• HONEYWELL
• TOTALFINAELF SA
• CAMFIL FARR
• TECHNIP
• COFLEXIP STENA
• M.W. KELLOGE
• C-FER TECHNOLOGIES INC.
• AKER MARITIME
• COEN CO.
• FUEL AND COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY INC.
• APOLLO SERVICES
• SWEP
• GVA CONSULTANTS
• MOORLINK
• CAVOTEC EEX
• FOILEX ENGINEERING
• ALPHA THAMES
• ECT OFFSHORE SERVICE
• DAVE INDUSTRIES
• EMTUNGA INTERNATIONAL
• A2D TECHNOLOGIES
• USFILTER
• THE CAVOTECH GROUP
• MICRO-CONTROL AS
• DELMAR SYSTEMS, INC.
• BERNARD AND ASSOCIATES INDUSTRIES
• SIEMENS WESTINGHOUSE
• HEALTH CONSULTANTS, INC.
• ADVANCED RESOURCES INTERNATIONAL, INC.
• PETROLEUM ASSET MANAGEMENT CO.
• UNIVERSTY OF INDIANA
• HALLIBURTON
• OCEANEERING
• MESSER AGS
• BAKER ATLAS
• CRP MARINE
• SPERRY-SUN DRILLING SERVICES
• ADVANCED RESOURCES INTERNATIONAL
• DORIS ENGINEERING AND PRIDE FORMER
• KCA DRILLING AND SHELL EXPRO
• IHC GUSTO ENGINEERING
• COFLEXIP STENA OFFSHORE
• SCHLUMBERGER OILFIELD SERVICES
• GARDNER DENVER
• FOILEX ENGINEERING
• SMEDVIG TECHNOLOGY AS
• KVAERNER OILFIELD PRODUCTS
• BOUYGUES OFFSHORE SA
• THERMAL CONVERSION CORP.
• DEEPWATER INDUSTRY TRENDS
• TRENDS IN THE SEISMIC SECTOR
  • SEISMIC DATA MANAGEMENT
• TRENDS IN DRILLING
• TRENDS IN FLOATING PRODUCTION, STORAGE, AND OFFLOADING (FPSO)
• TRENDS IN E-COMMERCE
• TRENDS IN DEREGULATION AND INDUSTRY RESTRUCTURING
• ENVIRONMENTAL TRENDS
• TRENDS IN EMERGING ECONOMIES
• TRENDS IN PIPELINE TECHNOLOGY
• TRENDS IN GAS CONVERSION TECHNOLOGY
• TRENDS IN GLOBALIZATION
• TRENDS IN OUTSOURCING ENERGY SUPPLIES (THIRD-PARTY SUPPLIERS)
• TRENDS IN THE OIL MARKET
• TRENDS IN CONTINENTAL SHELF
• TRENDS IN FIELD SIZE
• TRENDS IN OFFSHORE FIELD DEVELOPMENT OPTIONS
• TRENDS IN DEVELOPMENT TIMES
• TRENDS IN DEVELOPMENT COSTS
• TRENDS IN PIPELINE ACTIVITY
• TRENDS IN BUSINESS PRACTICES
• TRENDS IN SOCIAL RESPONSIBILITY
• TRENDS IN HUMAN RESOURCES
• TRENDS IN CONSOLIDATION

Table 20. SELECTED U.S. UPSTREAM MERGER AND ACQUISITION TRENDS

Table 20 (CONTINUED)

• TRENDS IN FUTURE PROSPECTS

LIST OF TABLES

Summary Table:
WORLD MARKETS FOR DEEPWATER HYDROCARBON EXPLOITATION ENABLING SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2006 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 1 BCC MARKET REVIEW OF GLOBAL PIPELINE ENABLING SYSTEMS, THROUGH 2006 (MILES)

Table 2 FLOATING PRODUCTION SYSTEMS BY REGION, THROUGH 2006 ($ BILLIONS)

Table 3 BCC REVIEW OF UPCOMING FLOATING PRODUCTION SYSTEM PROJECTS WORLDWIDE

Table 4 BCC REVIEW OF UPCOMING FIXED PLATFORM PRODUCTION SYSTEM MARKETS WORLDWIDE, 2002-2007

Table 5 TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT

Table 6 PRODUCT DEVELOPMENTS/IMPORTANT APPROACHES

Table 7 PROCESSES AND APPLICATIONS

Table 8 UNIT OPERATIONS AND EQUIPMENT/SYSTEMS TYPE - LNG VS GAS CONVERSION

Table 9 MAJOR WORLD PATENT EVALUATION FOR ENABLING SYSTEMS IN DEEPWATER HYDROCARBON EXPLOITATION, THROUGH 2002

Table 10 MARKET FOR ENABLING SYSTEMS IN DEEPWATER, BY SEGMENT TECHNOLOGY, 1998-2006 (%)

Table 11 MARKET FOR DEEPWATER HYDROCARBONS EXPLOITATION, BY CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2006 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 12 MARKET FOR ENABLING SYSTEMS BY IN DEEPWATER, BY DRILLING CONSUMABLES TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2006 ($ BILLIONS)

Table 13 MARKET FOR ENABLING SYSTEMS IN DEEPWATER, BY SERVICE-SUPPLY VESSEL TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2006 (NUMBER OF SYSTEMS)

Table 14 MARKET FOR ENABLING SYSTEMS IN DEEPWATER, BY SERVICE-SUPPLY VESSEL TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2006 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 15 MARKET FOR ENABLING SYSTEMS, BY ENVIRONMENTAL (FLARING) TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2006 ($ MILLIONS)

Table 16 MARKET FOR ENABLING SYSTEMS, BY WATER DEPTH TECHNOLOGY THROUGH 2006 (NUMBER OF SUBSEA COMPLETIONS)

Table 17 WORLD INVESTMENT IN ENABLING SYSTEMS FOR DEEPWATER HYDROCARBON EXPLOITATION, BY REGION, THROUGH 2006 ($ BILLIONS)

Table 18 WORLD EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT SPENDING, BY REGION THROUGH 2006 ($ BILLIONS)

Table 19 CAPITAL AND EXPLORATORY SPENDING, THROUGH 2006 ($ BILLIONS)

Table 20 SELECTED U.S. UPSTREAM MERGER AND ACQUISITION TRENDS

LIST OF FIGURES

Summary Figure:
WORLD MARKETS FOR DEEPWATER HYDROCARBON EXPLOITATION ENABLING SYSTEMS TECHNOLOGY, 1998-2006 ($ MILLIONS)

Figure 1 MARKET FOR DEEPWATER HYDROCARBONS EXPLOITATION, BY CHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY, 1998-2006 ($ MILLIONS)

Figure 2 MARKET FOR ENABLING SYSTEMS BY IN DEEPWATER, BY DRILLING CONSUMABLES TECHNOLOGY, 1998-2006 ($ BILLIONS)

Figure 3 MARKET FOR ENABLING SYSTEMS, BY ENVIRONMENTAL (FLARING) TECHNOLOGY, 1998-2006 ($ MILLIONS)

Figure 4 WORLD INVESTMENT IN ENABLING SYSTEMS FOR DEEPWATER HYDROCARBON EXPLOITATION, BY REGION, 1998-2006 ($ BILLIONS)

Figure 5 WORLD EXPLORATION AND DEVELOPMENT SPENDING, BY REGION 1998-2006 ($ BILLIONS)