環境分野におけるナノテクノロジー市場

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Expansive potential markets for environmental nanotechnology ("E-nano") products already exist for a wide array of urgently needed environmental remedial applications, some of which appear to have requirements that are approaching critical levels. Indeed, it can be considered as essential that innovative and robust nanotechnology-based remedial technologies be developed as rapidly as is possible in order to assure our continued well-being, if not our very survival long-term.

Conventional environmental remedial solutions seem to be relatively ineffectual in the face of currently extensive and expanding pollutant loads that permeate the air, water, and soil environments. This has been repeatedly evidenced by the limited successes seen, in response to addressing recent large-scale cleanup challenges. Nanotechnologies dedicated to environmental cleanup may evolve to levels of sophistication and efficiency such that contaminant-affected areas might very well be "engineered" back to their original integrity; so as to perhaps "reset" the conditions for the restoration of their delicate balance.

SCOPE OF STUDY

This report contains:

Four primary sections:

• a) Environmental Remediation,
• b) Environmental Protection,
• c) Environmental Maintenance, and
• d) Environmental Enhancement.
• The details involved in driving product demand within this vast untapped market, in conjunction with trends, potential sales, and forecasts for various market sectors through 2010.
• Investigations to elucidate current research efforts, as well as the characterization and quantification of developing environmental nanotechnologies already poised to enter the marketplace.
• Manufacturers involved with the production of these nanotechnologies, along with their anticipated product volumes, demonstrating how these advances might impact specific environmental market segments.

METHODOLOGY

The methodology involved in the compilation of this report included extensive literature searches, assimilation and distillation of environmentally related nanotechnology research. Where clarification or additional information was required to further elucidate specific technologies, individual researchers were contacted. Companies were consulted when a more in-depth description of their processes, products and perceived markets was warranted.

Relative to the sections of the report that explore potential nanotechnologies for environment policies, laws, and safety concerns, hundreds of emails were sent out internationally to survey individuals involved in these areas. This strategy was employed to gain a clearer picture and cross-disciplinary understanding of these domains, and to glean various perceptions of environmentally applied nanotechnologies via respondent opinions, comments and perspectives. These individuals included international government environment officials, scientists and research experts, politicians, environmental lawyers and lawmakers, business leaders, as well as individuals from several prominent international environmental groups.

INFORMATION SOURCES

The majority of information sources used in this report were derived from online literature searches, journal-published scientific papers, editorials, news articles, and government as well as global environmental agency databases, reports and briefings. Numerous books and magazines were consulted for relevant technological information, or for background sections. Researchers considered as experts in their respective fields and nanomaterials companies were also consulted.

Table of Contents

• INTRODUCTION
  • STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
  • REASONS FOR DOING THIS STUDY
  • SCOPE AND FORMAT
  • METHODOLOGY
  • INFORMATION SOURCES
  • RELATED BCC WORK CREDENTIALS
  • RELATED BCC REPORTS
  • DISCLAIMER
  • BCC ONLINE SERVICES
• SUMMARY
  • Summary Table:GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY IN ENVIRONMENTAL MARKETS FOR AIR, WATER, AND SOIL, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Summary Figure:GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY IN ENVIRONMENTAL MARKETS FOR AIR, WATER, AND SOIL, 2003-2010 ($ MILLIONS)
• OVERVIEW
  • ENVIRONMENTS IN QUESTION: BRIEF HISTORY, CURRENT STATUS, AND FUTURE PROJECTIONS
  • NANOTECHNOLOGY: BRIEF HISTORY, CURRENT STATUS, AND FUTURE PROJECTIONS
    • Table 1 INDUSTRY SECTORS LIKELY TO BE DISRUPTED BY NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE NEAR-TERM ($ BILLIONS)
• LEVELS OF DEMAND FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY APPLICATIONS FOR THE ENVIRONMENT
  • EXCLUSIONS
  • FACTORS DRIVING DEMAND
    • Factors Driving Demand (Continued)
  • Table 2 GLOBAL FORECAST OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 ($ BILLIONS)
  • Figure 1 GLOBAL FORECAST OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 ($ BILLIONS)
  • Table 3 GLOBAL SHARE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET BY SECTOR, 2005 (%)
  • Table 4 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET SHARE BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 (%)
    • Factors Driving Demand (Continued)
• NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR AIR QUALITY REMEDIATION
  • NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR AIR QUALITY REMEDIATION
  • BACKGROUND DATA
    • ANATOMY OF EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE
    • CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE
  • Table 5 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE (CLEAN DRY AIR)
• REVIEW OF NATURAL CYCLES, SELF-CLEANSING PROCESSES, THROUGHPUT RATES, AND VOLUMES
  • Oxygen Cycle
  • Carbon Cycle
  • Nitrogen Cycle
  • Sulfur Cycle
• ATMOSPHERIC CLEANSING PROCESSES
• ATMOSPHERIC DEGRADATION
• PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTION (POPS)
  • Table 6 ATMOSPHERIC PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS (POPS)
• VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOCS)
  • Table 7 ATMOSPHERIC VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOCS)
• HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS (HAPS)
  • Table 8 HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS
  • Table 8 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 9 2005 CONCENTRATIONS OF GREENHOUSE GASES
• HEAVY METALS
  • Table 10 ATMOSPHERIC HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS
• TAR BALLS
• GLOBAL HOT SPOTS REQUIRING AIR QUALITY REMEDIATION
  • Table 11 GLOBAL HOTSPOTS FOR ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION, THROUGH 2001
• CONTEMPORARY AIR QUALITY REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES
• AIR EMISSIONS/OFF-GAS REMEDIATION
• NANOMATERIALS FOR AIR QUALITY REMEDIATION
• AMBIENT AIR PURIFICATION
  • Table 12 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOMATERIALS IN AMBIENT ATMOSPHERE REMEDIATION MARKET, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
    • Nanofibers
      • Electrospun Cellulose Nanofibers
      • Polymeric Nanofibers
      • Spider Silk Nanofibers
      • "Nanospider" Nanofiber Polymers
      • Nanotube Fibers
      • Nanocrystalline Polymer Nanofibers
      • Ultrafine Fibers with Internal Nanometric Pores
      • Electrospun Nanofiber Nonwoven Fabrics
      • Meltblown Nanofibers
      • Islands-In-The-Sea Nanofibers
      • Segmented Pie-Structured Nanofibers
      • Coated Nanofiber Webs
  • Table 13 NANOFIBERS FOR AIR QUALITY REMEDIATION
  • Table 14 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOFIBERS FOR AMBIENT ATMOSPHERE REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 14 (CONTINUED)
    • Nanoporous Membranes
    • Nanoparticle-Enhanced Nanoporous Membranes
    • Carbonaceous Adsorptive Nanoporous Membrane
    • Reactive Nanoporous Membrane
    • Zeolite Nanoporous Membranes
    • Self-Assembled Monolayers On Mesoporous Supports (Samms)
    • Aerogel Nanoporous Membranes
    • Aerogel Nanoporous ... (Continued)
    • Ceramic Nanoporous Membranes
  • Hybrid Nanoporous Membranes
    • Asymmetric C60 Nanoporous Membranes
    • Diatomic Nanoporous Membranes
    • Nanotube Nanoporous Membranes
    • Nanotubule Nanoporous Membranes
    • Dendrimer Functionalized Nanoporous Membranes
    • Carbide-Derived Carbon Nanoporous Membranes (Cdcs)
    • Adsorbent Filled Membranes
    • Gold Nanoclusters In Carbon Molecular Sieves
    • Nanocrystal Zeolites For Nitrogen Dioxide Decomposition
  • Table 15 NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES FOR AIR QUALITY REMEDIATION
  • Table 15 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 16 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES FOR AMBIENT ATMOSPHERE REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
    • Potential Nanotechnology-Based Stratospheric In Situ Cleansing Strategies
    • Potential Ozone Layer Remediation
      • Potential Ozone Hole Repair
      • Molecular Tailoring for Ozone Layer Remediation
    • Potential Nanotechnology-Based Tropospheric In Situ Cleansing Strategies
    • Self-Cleaning Cements for Urban Air Remediation
    • Carbon Dioxide Sequestration from the Open Atmosphere
      • Nanoporous Calcium Oxide
      • Sodium Hydroxide Nanoparticles
      • Molecular Sieves
      • Molecular Baskets
      • Metal Organic Frameworks (Mofs)
      • Nanoparticle Enhanced Polymer Membranes
      • Nanotube Arrayed Membranes
      • Treated Serpentine Minerals
      • Rubisco (Ribulose Bisphosphate Carboxylase/Oxygenase) Enzyme
      • Ionic Liquids
      • Open Atmosphere Wind-Scrubbers
  • Table 17 POTENTIAL NANOSCALE ENTITIES FOR CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION
    • Plasma Pyrolysis
    • Micro-Bubble Cavitation for Plasma Pyrolysis
    • Ocean-Based Nanotechnologies For Atmospheric Remediation
  • Table 18 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED MECHANISMS MARKET IN THE SEQUESTRATION OF ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
• NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR INDOOR AIR QUALITY REMEDIATION
  • Indoor Air and Dust Endocrine Disrupting Compounds
    • Table 19 ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING CHEMICALS IN INDOOR AIR
      • Nanometric Surfaces for Air Purification
      • Nanoscale Hygienic Surfaces
      • Nanoceramic Panels
      • Nanophotonics
      • Enhanced Air Conditioning
      • Antibacterial And Antibiotic Nanocolloids
      • Inorganic Nanotube Arrays for Indoor Air Quality
  • Table 20 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOMATERIALS FOR INDOOR AIR REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 21 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOFIBERS FOR INDOOR AIR REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 22 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES IN INDOOR AIR REMEDIATION MARKET, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 23 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED MECHANISMS MARKET IN ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING COMPOUND REMEDIATION FOR INDOOR AIR, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Hypothetical Nanocatalytic Paints
• NANOFILTRATION OF AIRBORNE PATHOGENS
  • Nanobacteria Dispersal in Clouds
  • Airborne Pathogen Filtration
  • Cyclic Peptide Nanotubes for the Eradication of Airborne Bacteria
  • Reactive Nanoparticle Materials
    • Table 24 LIST OF AIRBORNE PATHOGENS AND DIMENSIONS (MICRONS)
    • Table 24 (CONTINUED)
    • Table 24 (CONTINUED)
    • Table 25 EXAMPLES OF POTENTIAL BIOTERRORISM
    • Table 25 (CONTINUED)
    • Table 26 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED AIRBORNE PATHOGEN REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 (NATURALLY OCCURRING AND VIA BIOTERRORISM) ($ MILLIONS)
• Figure 2 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED AIRBORNE PATHOGEN REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 (NATURALLY OCCURRING AND VIA BIOTERRORISM) ($ MILLIONS)
• NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION
  • DELETERIOUS PATTERNS IN POTABLE WATER RESERVOIRS
  • BACKGROUND DATA
    • COMPOSITION OF FRESH WATER AND OCEAN WATER
  • Table 27 ESTIMATE OF GLOBAL WATER DISTRIBUTION
  • Table 28 ION BALANCE IN TYPICAL FRESH WATER (%)
  • Table 29 SEAWATER ELEMENTS AND CONCENTRATIONS
    • Hydrologic Cycle
    • Groundwater
    • Aquifers
  • Table 30 EXAMPLES OF AQUIFER DEPLETION, 2002
  • Table 30 (CONTINUED)
• WATER CONTAMINANTS
  • Table 31 POTENTIAL CONTAMINANTS IN DRINKING WATER
  • Table 31 (CONTINUED)
• GLOBAL HOT SPOTS REQUIRING WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION
  • Table 32 GLOBAL HOTSPOTS FOR WATER POLLUTION
• NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR WATER FILTRATION-INDUSTRIAL, COMMERCIAL, RESIDENTIAL, AND PERSONAL
  • NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES
  • REVERSE OSMOSIS (RO)
  • NANOFILTRATION
  • ULTRAFILTRATION
  • MICROFILTRATION MEMBRANES
    • Table 33 NANOPOROUS MEMBRANE WATER FILTRATION
• NANOPOROUS MEMBRANE ANTI-BIOFOULING MEASURES
  • CROSS FLOW TURBULENT CLEANING
  • VIBRATORY MEMBRANE FOR ANTI-FOULING
  • SELF-ASSEMBLED HYBRID REVERSE OSMOSIS MEMBRANE
    • Table 34 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANE FILTERS MARKET FOR WATER REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 (SURFACE WATERS-OCEANS, LAKES, RIVERS, STREAMS) ($ MILLIONS)
    • Figure 3 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANE FILTERS MARKET FOR WATER REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 (SURFACE WATERS-OCEANS, LAKES, RIVERS, STREAMS) ($ MILLIONS)
    • Table 35 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES AND EQUIPMENT FOR WATER PURIFICATION, 2003-2010 (INDUSTRIAL AND MUNICIPAL) ($ BILLIONS)
    • Figure 4 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES AND EQUIPMENT FOR WATER PURIFICATION, 2003-2010 (INDUSTRIAL AND MUNICIPAL) ($ BILLIONS)
• NANOSCALE ENTITIES FOR WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION
  • NANOFIBERS FOR WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION
    • Zeolite and Titania Nanofibers
    • Nano Alumina Fiber Filter
    • Hollow Fiber Membrane Biofilm Reactor (Spaghetti Filter)
    • Self-Cleaning "Smart" Fabric
    • The Lifestraw
  • NANOPARTICLES FOR WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION
    • Catalytic Structures Synthesized By DNA Self-Assembly
    • Oxidic Nanotubes
    • Nanocrystalline Magnesia
    • Titanium Dioxide Nanorod Arrays
    • Molybdenum Disulfide Hollow Nanospheres And Nanocrystals
    • Metal-Organic Frameworks (Mofs)
    • Polyoxometalates (POMS)
    • Nanoscale Dendritic Chelating Agents
    • Nanomagnetic Fluids
    • Core Shell Nanoparticles
    • Caged Single-Enzyme Nanoparticles (Sens)
    • Cationic Liposome-Microtubule Complexes
    • Destruction of Pesticides and Munitions Toxins with Iron-Taml Activators
  • NANOMEMBRANE/SIEVE-LIKE STRUCTURES FOR WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION
    • GLAD (Glancing Angle Deposition) for Sculpted Thin-Film Fabrication
    • Polyfunctional Ligands
    • Robust Polymeric Nanoporous Materials
    • "Industrial Kidneys" for Heavy Metal Recovery from Wastewater
    • Rotaxane Activated Nano Valve
    • Nanotube-Based Fluid Filters
    • Alumoxane Nanoparticle Pre-Ceramic Membranes
    • Ferroxane Nanoparticle Pre-Ceramic Membranes
    • Nanoporous Solids Via Nanoparticle Templating
    • Nanosponges
    • Membrane-Embedded Nanometric Metals
  • PHOTOCATALYSTS FOR WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION
    • Photoenzymes
    • "Sense and Shoot" Photo-Catalytic Degradation
    • Fountain Photocatalytic Reactor
    • Ferritin Proteins for Photochemical Reduction of Hexavalent Chromium Cr(Vi)
    • Nanoscale Tio2 Photocatalyts
    • Titanium Oxynitride Photocatalysts
    • Zinc Oxide Photodegradation
• SEAWATER DESALINATION
  • HIGH VOLUME SEAWATER DESALINATION
  • HYDROGEL-BRIDGED NANOFLUIDIC POLYCARBONATE MEMBRANES
  • AEROGEL CAPACITIVE DEIONIZATION
  • MAGNETOFERRITIN FOR DESALINATION
  • NANOCOMPOSITE REVERSE-SELECTIVE MEMBRANES
  • FORWARD OSMOSIS FILTER
  • ALIGNED CARBON NANOTUBE ELECTRODE CAPACITATOR
    • Table 36 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED MECHANISMS MARKET FOR SEAWATER DESALINATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • OIL SPILL REMEDIATION
  • ORGANICALLY MODIFIED CLAYS
  • ROBUST SELF-ASSEMBLED MONOLAYERS (SAMS)
  • PHOTOSENSITIZED COLLOIDAL TITANIUM DIOXIDE
• RADIOACTIVE MATERIAL RECOVERY
  • URANIUM CONCENTRATION FROM SEAWATER VIA NANOFILTRATION
  • URANIUM DEGRADATION WITH BACTERIA
  • NANOCOMPOSITE PILLARED CLAY CATALYSTS FOR NUCLEAR WASTE APPLICATIONS
• MULTIFUNCTIONAL NANOMATERIALS
  • MULTIPLE-USE MATERIALS FOR PHOTOCATALYSIS OF CONTAMINANTS
  • CYCLODEXTRIN NANOPOROUS POLYMERS
  • SMART NANOPARTICLES
• PRECISION CHEMISTRY FOR CONTAMINANT ERADICATION
  • POTENTIAL FOR COMPLETE DEGRADATION OF CONTAMINANTS
  • VAULT NANOCAPSULES FOR CONTAMINANT ENCAPSULATION AND DEGRADATION
    • Table 37 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOMATERIALS FOR SURFACE WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 (OCEAN, LAKE, RIVER, STREAM) ($ MILLIONS)
    • Table 38 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOMATERIALS MARKET APPLIED TO WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 (INDUSTRIAL/COMMERCIAL/DOMESTIC)
    • Figure 5 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOMATERIALS MARKET APPLIED TO WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION, 2003-2010 (INDUSTRIAL/COMMERCIAL/DOMESTIC)
  • NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR SOIL CONTAMINANT REMEDIATION
    • Table 39 U.S. SOIL CONTAMINANT REMEDIATION MARKET, 2004 (PRESENT AND PROJECTED SITES REQUIRING CLEANUP)
• BACKGROUND DATA
  • ANATOMY AND COMPOSITION OF HEALTHY SOILS
    • Biological Soil Crust
    • Topsoil
    • Vadose Zone
    • Hardpan
    • Water Table
  • FORMAL SOIL CLASSIFICATION
  • GLOBAL HOTSPOTS FOR SOIL CONTAMINANT REMEDIATION
    • Table 40 GLOBAL HOTSPOTS FOR SOIL/GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION
    • Table 40 (CONTINUED)
    • Table 40 (CONTINUED)
• CONTEMPORARY SOIL/ GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION TECHNOLOGIES
  • IN SITU BIOLOGICAL REMEDIATION
  • IN SITU PHYSICAL/CHEMICAL REMEDIATION
  • IN SITU THERMAL REMEDIATION
  • EX SITU BIOLOGICAL REMEDIATION
  • EX SITU PHYSICAL/ CHEMICAL REMEDIATION (ASSUMING EXCAVATION)
  • EX SITU THERMAL REMEDIATION (ASSUMING EXCAVATION)
• NANOPARTICLES FOR SOIL REMEDIATION
  • NANOSCALE IRON COLLOIDS
  • IRON-PALLADIUM NANOPARTICLES FOR GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION
  • FERROGELS
  • BIMETALLIC NANOPARTICLES
  • NANOCLAYS FOR SOIL REMEDIATION
  • METAL OXIDE DESTRUCTIVE ADSORBANTS
  • ASSEMBLY OF REMEDIAL METAL OXIDE NANOPARTICLES WITH PROTEINS
  • POLYMERIC/ INORGANIC HYBRID SORBENT FOR ARSENIC REMOVAL
  • AMPHIPHILIC POLYURETHANE NANONETWORK POLYMER PARTICLES
  • POLYMERIC NANOPARTICLES
  • NANOPARTICLE FARMING
  • GEOPOLYMERS FOR ENCAPSULATION/IMMOBILIZATION OF HAZARDOUS WASTES
    • Table 41 HAZARDOUS ELEMENTS LOCKED WITHIN GEOPOLYMERIC CEMENTS IN ACIDIC MEDIA
  • GEOPOLYMERS FOR ENCAPSULATION/IMMOBILIZATION OF RADIOACTIVE WASTES
    • Geopolymers For Encapsulation/...(Continued)
• NANO-ORGANICS IN SOIL REMEDIATION
  • BACTERIA IN SOIL REMEDIATION
    • Table 42 BACTERIA FOR SOIL AND GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION
  • GENETICALLY ENGINEERED NANOSCALE BIOPOLYMERS
  • GENETICALLY MODIFIED BACTERIA FOR SOIL/GROUNDWATER BIOREMEDIATION
    • Table 43 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOMATERIALS MARKET FOR INDUSTRIAL AND MUNICIPAL SOIL/GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
    • Table 44 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOMATERIALS MARKET IN AGRICULTURAL SOIL/GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
    • Figure 6 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOMATERIALS MARKET IN AGRICULTURAL SOIL/GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • HYPOTHETICAL TRI-PURPOSE REMEDIATION
    • Hypothetical Tri-Purpose Remediation (Continued)
• NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
  • NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
  • NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED SUBSTITUTES FOR MATERIALS, MECHANISMS, AND PROCESSES
  • TRANSPORTATION
    • Nanomaterial Rubber Replacements
    • Nanoclay Tire Sealants
    • Nanoscale Catalytic Converters
    • Nanomaterials Enhance Fuel Efficiency
    • Nanocomposites
    • Nanometric Self-Cleaning Coatings
    • Nanosensors
    • Nanoparticle Solid Lubricants
      • Cleaner Fuels Using Molybdenum Disulfide (Mos2) Nanoclusters
      • CO2 Solvents
  • PESTICIDE REPLACEMENTS
    • Pesticide Nanoencapsulation
    • Nano Green
    • Nanocages for Pesticides
    • Biocidal Silver for Crop Protection
    • Silver Biocidal Coatings for Meat Processing
    • Livestock and Aquaculture
    • Fishpond Cleaning with Nanoparticles
    • DNA Nanocapsule Vaccination
  • MANUFACTURING PROCESSES
    • "Ecosphere" Nanoparticle Cardboard Adhesive
    • Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Silver Nanoparticles
    • Nano-Engineered Barrier Plastics
    • Enhanced Insulating Materials
• NANOTECHNOLOGY-ENHANCED RECYCLING
  • NANOTECHNOLOGY-ENHANCED RECYCLING (CONTINUED)
    • Plastic Substitutes and Recycling
    • On-Site/At-Source (Os/As) -Nanotechnology-Enhanced Recycling
    • On-Site/At-Source Manufacturing Sector Recovery And Recycling
    • Continuous Water Recycling Loops
    • Continuous Water Recycling Loops (Continued)
• NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED ENERGY HARVESTING AND GENERATION
  • Biological Systems-Molecular Level Energy Harvesting/ Generation
  • Glucose-Powered Catalytic Biofuel Cell
  • Enzymatically Active Thin Films
  • Photoelectrocatalytic Fuel Cell (PFE)
• NANOTECHNOLOGY-ENHANCED SOLAR ENERGY CONVERSION
  • Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells
  • Spray-on Solar Cells
  • Full-Spectrum Solar Cells
  • Artificial Photosynthesis
  • Artificial Solar Leaves
  • Photosystem I Protein Complex
  • Organic Photovoltaics
  • Tandem Solar Cells
  • Photovoltaic Paint
• NANOTECHNOLOGY AND FUEL PRODUCTION
  • Fuel Production Via Artificial Photosynthesis
  • Nanotechnology-Based Fuel Cells
• HYDROGEN STORAGE
  • Nanographite
• METAL-DOPED CARBON AEROGELS
• NANOTUBES
• NANOSCROLLS
• ZEOLITES
• WATER SPLITTING FOR HYDROGEN PRODUCTION
  • NANOTECHNOLOGY-ENHANCED BATTERIES
    • Table 45 GLOBAL BATTERY SALES IN 2004 ($ BILLIONS)
  • LITHIUM BATTERIES
  • NANO-BATTERY
  • CARBON AEROGEL ULTRACAPACITORS
• NANOTECHNOLOGIES IN FORESTRY
  • FOREST PRODUCTS PROCESSING
  • BIOCIDAL SILVER FOR WOOD PRESERVATION
  • NANOCOMPOSITE BUILDING MATERIALS
  • WOOD CELL WALLS
• NANOTECHNOLOGIES IN MANUFACTURING
  • MANUFACTURING PARADIGM SHIFT-HYPOTHETICAL SCENARIO
  • DNA-BASED MANUFACTURING
    • Initial Assembly
    • Intermediate Assembly
    • Final Assembly
    • Outlook
• NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MAINTENANCE
  • NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MAINTENANCE
    • Table 46 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOSENSORS MARKET IN ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, THROUGH 2010 (AMBIENT AND INDOOR) ($ MILLIONS)
    • Figure 7 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOSENSORS MARKET IN ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, 2003-2010 (AMBIENT AND INDOOR) ($ MILLIONS)
• NANOSENSORS APPLIED TO AIR QUALITY MAINTENANCE
  • QUANTUM DOT NANOSENSORS
  • LUMINESCENT NANOSCALE SEMICONDUCTORS
  • NANOSCALE METAL OXIDE MOLECULAR SIEVES
  • MOLECULAR SIEVE THIN FILMS
  • NANOMECHANICAL BIOSENSORS
  • MESOPOROUS SILICA NANOSTRUCTURES
  • SELF-ASSEMBLING NANOINTERFEROMETRIC CAVITIES
  • SINGLE MOLECULE DETECTION
  • CARBON NANOTUBE COATED ACOUSTIC/OPTICAL HYBRID SENSOR
  • OPTICAL NANOCOMPOSITES
  • PLANAR PHOTONIC CRYSTAL
  • PLASMONIC PHOTONIC CRYSTALS
  • NANOMETRIC ARTIFICIAL OPALS
  • FIBER-OPTIC NANOBIOSENSORS FOR NITRIC OXIDE, NITRITE, AND CHLORIDE
  • PORE PROTEINS FOR METAL ION SENSING
  • RESISTIVE-PULSE MOLECULAR AND ION SENSORS
  • BROWNIAN MODULATED OPTICAL NANOPROBES (MOONS)
  • NANOSCALE AFFINITY BIOSENSORS
  • PIEZORESISTIVE NANOMECHANICAL MICRO/NANOCANTILEVERS
  • METAL OXIDE NANOBELTS, NANORIBBONS, NANOCANTILEVERS
  • NANOSTRUCTURED PHOTONIC SILICON FOR GAS SENSING
  • NANOPARTICLE COLORIMETRIC LEAD SENSOR
  • MEMS-BASED NANOSENSOR PACKAGING FOR HARSH ENVIRONMENTS
  • NANOCOMPOSITE THIN-FILM CHEMICAL SENSORS
  • NANOMETRIC RPVS (REMOTE PILOTED VEHICLES)
  • INORGANIC NANOTUBE HYDROGEN SENSORS
  • PASSIVE CARBON NANOTUBE-BASED AMMONIA SENSOR
  • PEBBLE PLATFORM NANOSENSORS
  • EXPLOSIVES DETECTION WITH SILOLE AND POLYSILOLE NANOWIRES AND NANOPARTICLES
  • ELECTRONIC NOSE
• NANOSENSORS APPLIED TO WATER QUALITY MAINTENANCE
  • RAPID DIAGNOSTICS FOR BACTERIA
  • NANOSTRUCTURED POROUS SILICON AND LUMINESCENT POLYSILOLES
  • POLYELECTROLYTE HOLLOW NANOCAPSULE REACTION CAGES
  • IONIC POLYMERIC METAL COMPOSITES (IPMC) NANOSENSORS
  • ORGANO-CLAY FILM NANOSENSORS
  • HOST-GUEST SYSTEM CONTAMINANT SEQUESTRATION
  • CELLULOSE FIBRIL PIEZO-NANOSENSORS
  • ELECTRONIC TONGUE
  • ATOMIC CRYSTAL LAYERS
  • NANOPOROUS POLYMER GAS SENSORS
  • NANOWIRE AND NANOCRYSTAL FIELD-EFFECT SENSORS
  • NANOSHELLS
  • UNIVERSAL NANOSENSING PLATFORM
• NANOSENSOR NETWORKS FOR ENVIRONMENTAL MAINENTANCE
  • SENSORNET SYSTEM
  • LOCALLY PERVASIVE, ENVIRONMENTAL INTELLIGENT SENSING NODES
  • SMART DUST
  • WAVENIS WIRELESS SENSOR NETWORK
  • WIRELESS MICROCLIMATE MONITORING SYSTEM
  • RADIO CHIPS
  • MESH NETWORK STRATEGIES
  • ENVIRONMENTAL "COLLECTIVE" CELL PHONE SENSOR NET
  • NANOSENSORS APPLIED TO FORESTRY
  • AGRICULTURAL NANOSENSOR NETWORKS
• RADIATION DETECTION
  • DENDRITIC POLYMERS
  • SUPERCONDUCTOR-INSULATOR-NORMAL METAL (SIN) TUNNEL JUNCTION
  • QUANTUM DOT UV LIGHT DETECTORS FOR NANOSENSORS
• NANOTECHNOLOGIES FOR ENVIRONMENTAL ENHANCEMENT
  • NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR AGRICULTURE AND FOOD PROCESSING ENHANCEMENT
    • NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR AGRICULTURE...(CONTINUED)
      • Table 47 EXAMPLES OF INTERNATIONAL STATUS FOR GM PRODUCT LABELING (RELEVANCE TO POTENTIAL FUTURE NANO-LABELING REQUIREMENTS)
    • NANOTECHNOLOGY FOR AGRICULTURE...(CONTINUED)
  • NANOTECHNOLOGY AND AGRICULTURAL SECTOR ENHANCEMENT
    • TOPSOIL BINDER
    • BUCKYBALL FERTILIZER
    • TITANIUM DIOXIDE COLLOID FOR PLANT GROWTH ENHANCEMENT
    • FUNCTIONAL FOODS
    • COLLOIDOSOMES
    • DNA AND GENETIC THERAPY FOR PLANTS
    • ATOMIC LEVEL SEED MODIFICATION
      • Table 48 POTENTIAL NANOCAPSULE PAYLOAD RELEASE METHODS
      • Table 49 NANOENCAPSULATION APPLICATIONS TO AGRICULTURE
  • ENVIRONMENTAL FATE AND HUMAN HEALTH ISSUES
    • NANOPARTICLE TOXICITY
      • Table 50 NANOPARTICLE DIMENSIONS AND ACCESS TO BIOSYSTEMS
  • POTENTIAL NANOPARTICLE EFFECTS ON HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
  • SELF-REGULATED ASSEMBLY AND BUILT-IN DISASSEMBLY OF NANOSTRUCTURES
    • Molecular Assemblers
    • Nanostructure Disassembly Strategies
    • Global Ecophagy
    • Potential Nanoparticle-Fate and Effect Forecasting
  • BRIEF SURVEY OF NANOPARTICLE EFFECTS ON HUMAN PHYSIOLOGY
    • Aerosolized Nanoparticles
    • Aerosolized Nanoparticles (Continued)
    • Nanoparticles in Aqueous Media and Foods:
    • Nanoparticle Effects on Blood Cells
    • Carbon Nanotubes and Human T Lymphocytes
    • Nanoscale and Microscale Zinc Powders
    • Metal and Metal Oxide Nanoparticles
    • Cytotoxicity of C60 Aggregates
    • Toggling of C60Toxicity
  • BIONANOTECHNOLOGY AND NANOMEDICINE
• COMPANY PROFILES, PATENT OVERVIEW AND ANALYSIS
  • ALTAIR NANOTECHNOLOGIES, INC., RENO, NV
  • APNANO MATERIALS, INC., NEW YORK, NY
  • APPLIED NANOTECH INC., AUSTIN, TX
  • APPLIED SCIENCES INC., CEDARVILLE, OH
  • CROSSBOW TECHNOLOGY, INC., SAN JOSE, CA
  • DONALDSON CO., INC., MINNEAPOLIS, MN
  • DUST NETWORKS, HAYWARD, CA
  • ELMARCO, LIBEREC, CZECH REPUBLIC
  • EMEMBRANE, INC., PROVIDENCE, RI
  • EMERGENCY FILTRATION PRODUCTS, INC., (EFP) HENDERSON, NV
  • ESPIN TECHNOLOGIES, INC., CHATTANOOGA, TN
  • HEPA CORP., ANAHEIM, CA
  • HILLS, INC., WEST MELBOURNE, FLA.
  • HOLLINGSWORTH & VOSE, EAST WALPOLE, MA
  • HYBRID PLASTICS, INC., HATTIESBURG, MS
  • INAX CORP., UENO-CITY, JAPAN
  • INFRAMAT CORP., FARMINGTON, CT
  • JOHNS MANVILLE, DENVER, CO
  • KOCH MEMBRANE SYSTEMS, INC., WILMINGTON, MASS.
  • NANOPHASE TECHNOLOGIES CORP., ROMEOVILLE, IL
  • NANOSCALE MATERIALS INC., MANHATTAN, KS
  • NANOSTELLAR INC., MENLO PARK, CA
  • NANOTECHNOLOGIES INC., AUSTIN, TX
  • OXONICA PLC, OXFORDSHIRE, UK
  • QUANTUMSPHERE, INC., COSTA MESA, CA
  • SENSICORE, ANN ARBOR, MI
  • VALEO, PARIS, FRANCE
• PATENT SURVEY AND ANALYSIS
  • PATENT SURVEY AND ANALYSIS
    • PATENT SURVEY AND ANALYSIS (CONTINUED)
  • CONCLUSION
    • Table 51 NANOTECHNOLOGIES RELATIVE TO THE ENVIRONMENT-PATENTS AND PATENT APPLICATIONS FROM 1975 TO PRESENT
    • Table 51 (CONTINUED)
• NANOTECHNOLOGY AND ENVIRONMENTAL PRACTICES, POLICIES, AND LAWS
• NANOTECHNOLOGY POLICY PERSPECTIVES
  • Nanotechnology Policy Perspectives (Continued)
  • Nanotechnology Policy Perspectives (Continued)
  • Nanotechnology Policy Perspectives (Continued)
  • Nanotechnology Policy Perspectives (Continued)
  • Nanotechnology Policy Perspectives (Continued)
  • Nanotechnology Policy Perspectives (Continued)
  • Nanotechnology Policy Perspectives (Continued)
• FOOD FOR THOUGHT-ETHICAL AND MORAL CONSIDERATIONS
  • CASES IN POINT
  • CONCLUSION
• LIST OF TABLES
  • Summary Table:GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY IN ENVIRONMENTAL MARKETS FOR AIR, WATER, AND SOIL, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 1 INDUSTRY SECTORS LIKELY TO BE DISRUPTED BY NANOTECHNOLOGY IN THE NEAR-TERM ($ BILLIONS)
  • Table 2 GLOBAL FORECAST OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 ($ BILLIONS)
  • Table 3 GLOBAL SHARE OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET BY SECTOR, 2005 (%)
  • Table 4 GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET SHARE BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 (%)
  • Table 5 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF EARTH'S ATMOSPHERE (CLEAN DRY AIR)
  • Table 6 ATMOSPHERIC PERSISTENT ORGANIC POLLUTANTS (POPS)
  • Table 7 ATMOSPHERIC VOLATILE ORGANIC COMPOUNDS (VOCS)
  • Table 8 HAZARDOUS AIR POLLUTANTS
  • Table 9 2005 CONCENTRATIONS OF GREENHOUSE GASES
  • Table 10 ATMOSPHERIC HEAVY METAL CONCENTRATIONS
  • Table 11 GLOBAL HOTSPOTS FOR ATMOSPHERIC POLLUTION, THROUGH 2001
  • Table 12 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOMATERIALS IN AMBIENT ATMOSPHERE REMEDIATION MARKET, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 13 NANOFIBERS FOR AIR QUALITY REMEDIATION
  • Table 14 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOFIBERS FOR AMBIENT ATMOSPHERE REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 15 NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES FOR AIR QUALITY REMEDIATION
  • Table 16 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES FOR AMBIENT ATMOSPHERE REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 17 POTENTIAL NANOSCALE ENTITIES FOR CARBON DIOXIDE SEQUESTRATION
  • Table 18 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED MECHANISMS MARKET IN THE SEQUESTRATION OF ATMOSPHERIC CARBON DIOXIDE, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 19 ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING CHEMICALS IN INDOOR AIR
  • Table 20 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOMATERIALS FOR INDOOR AIR REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 21 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOFIBERS FOR INDOOR AIR REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 22 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES IN INDOOR AIR REMEDIATION MARKET, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 23 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED MECHANISMS MARKET IN ENDOCRINE DISRUPTING COMPOUND REMEDIATION FOR INDOOR AIR, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 24 LIST OF AIRBORNE PATHOGENS AND DIMENSIONS (MICRONS)
  • Table 25 EXAMPLES OF POTENTIAL BIOTERRORISM
  • Table 26 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED AIRBORNE PATHOGEN REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 (NATURALLY OCCURRING AND VIA BIOTERRORISM) ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 27 ESTIMATE OF GLOBAL WATER DISTRIBUTION
  • Table 28 ION BALANCE IN TYPICAL FRESH WATER (%)
  • Table 29 SEAWATER ELEMENTS AND CONCENTRATIONS
  • Table 30 EXAMPLES OF AQUIFER DEPLETION, 2002
  • Table 30 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 31 POTENTIAL CONTAMINANTS IN DRINKING WATER
  • Table 32 GLOBAL HOTSPOTS FOR WATER POLLUTION
  • Table 33 NANOPOROUS MEMBRANE WATER FILTRATION
  • Table 34 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANE FILTERS MARKET FOR WATER REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 (SURFACE WATERS-OCEANS, LAKES, RIVERS, STREAMS) ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 35 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES AND EQUIPMENT FOR WATER PURIFICATION, 2003-2010 (INDUSTRIAL AND MUNICIPAL) ($ BILLIONS)
  • Table 36 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED MECHANISMS MARKET FOR SEAWATER DESALINATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 37 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOMATERIALS FOR SURFACE WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 (OCEAN, LAKE, RIVER, STREAM) ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 38 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOMATERIALS MARKET APPLIED TO WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 (INDUSTRIAL/COMMERCIAL/DOMESTIC)
  • Table 39 U.S. SOIL CONTAMINANT REMEDIATION MARKET, 2004 (PRESENT AND PROJECTED SITES REQUIRING CLEANUP)
  • Table 40 GLOBAL HOTSPOTS FOR SOIL/GROUNDWATER CONTAMINATION
  • Table 41 HAZARDOUS ELEMENTS LOCKED WITHIN GEOPOLYMERIC CEMENTS IN ACIDIC MEDIA
  • Table 42 BACTERIA FOR SOIL AND GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION
  • Table 43 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOMATERIALS MARKET FOR INDUSTRIAL AND MUNICIPAL SOIL/GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 44 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOMATERIALS MARKET IN AGRICULTURAL SOIL/GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 45 GLOBAL BATTERY SALES IN 2004 ($ BILLIONS)
  • Table 46 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOSENSORS MARKET IN ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, THROUGH 2010 (AMBIENT AND INDOOR) ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 47 EXAMPLES OF INTERNATIONAL STATUS FOR GM PRODUCT LABELING (RELEVANCE TO POTENTIAL FUTURE NANO-LABELING REQUIREMENTS)
  • Table 48 POTENTIAL NANOCAPSULE PAYLOAD RELEASE METHODS
  • Table 49 NANOENCAPSULATION APPLICATIONS TO AGRICULTURE
  • Table 50 NANOPARTICLE DIMENSIONS AND ACCESS TO BIOSYSTEMS
  • Table 51 NANOTECHNOLOGIES RELATIVE TO THE ENVIRONMENT-PATENTS AND PATENT APPLICATIONS FROM 1975 TO PRESENT
• LIST OF FIGURES
  • Summary Figure:GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY IN ENVIRONMENTAL MARKETS FOR AIR, WATER, AND SOIL, 2003-2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Figure 1 GLOBAL FORECAST OF THE ENVIRONMENTAL MARKET BY REGION, THROUGH 2010 ($ BILLIONS)
  • Figure 2 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOTECHNOLOGY-BASED AIRBORNE PATHOGEN REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 (NATURALLY OCCURRING AND VIA BIOTERRORISM) ($ MILLIONS)
  • Figure 3 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANE FILTERS MARKET FOR WATER REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 (SURFACE WATERS-OCEANS, LAKES, RIVERS, STREAMS) ($ MILLIONS)
  • Figure 4 GLOBAL MARKET FOR NANOPOROUS MEMBRANES AND EQUIPMENT FOR WATER PURIFICATION, 2003-2010 (INDUSTRIAL AND MUNICIPAL) ($ BILLIONS)
  • Figure 5 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOMATERIALS MARKET APPLIED TO WATER QUALITY REMEDIATION, 2003-2010 (INDUSTRIAL/COMMERCIAL/DOMESTIC)
  • Figure 6 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOMATERIALS MARKET IN AGRICULTURAL SOIL/GROUNDWATER REMEDIATION, THROUGH 2010 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Figure 7 GLOBAL FORECAST FOR NANOSENSORS MARKET IN ENVIRONMENTAL MONITORING, 2003-2010 (AMBIENT AND INDOOR) ($ MILLIONS)