米国における石炭ベース製品の市場機会

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Coal-based products are products with at least one main ingredient made from coal. Coal is a type of carbonaceous rock that was formed from the remains of plants and animals over millions of years under pressure. Coal contains elements such as hydrogen, nitrogen and oxygen, and also has a multitude of trace minerals. Scientists believe that coal was formed during the Carboniferous period (280 to 345 million years ago) when an abundance of plant and animal life grew and thrived in swampy areas 1. These life forms eventually died and sank to the bottom of swamps to form peat (a soggy, sponge-like material). The peat eventually got buried and became compressed over millions of years. With heat and pressure, the peat eventually became coal. The greater the heat and pressure, the harder the type of coal that was formed.

The four main categories of coal are lignite, sub-bituminous, bituminous and anthracite. Lignite is the softest type of coal, and contains a lot of moisture and ash, and has the lowest carbon content. Also called "brown coal", lignite is mainly used at electricity-generating plants. Subituminous coal has less moisture than lignite, and is generally used for producing steam for electricity generation. Bituminous coal has a high heating value and little moisture. It is primarily used to generate electricity and produce coke for the steel industry. Anthracite is the hardest type of coal, and has the lowest moisture and ash content. This coal type makes a good heating fuel for homes 1. All of these coal types can be used to produce many other coal-based products, such as chemicals, tars, oils and other coal products.

STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES

This BCC study meets these needs by analyzing global markets for coal-related products and technologies (see Scope and Format for a definition of these products) in light of the most recent available information. In addition to looking at current and future markets for these products, the study will analyze technological, demographic, and economic developments that may have a long-term impact on the size and structure of the market for coal-related products and technologies.

This report provides an analysis of the market for coal-related products and technologies by type of coal product, technology, end-user, and region. The future of coal-based products and chemicals will also be discussed, with forecasts for consumption of specific products.

This report contains:

• A detailed description and overview of the coal-related product industry focused on the U.S. market
• U.S. market forecast with five-year projections to 2011, based on product application and sectors of the market, and the latest market drives
• Observations and predictiosn for the future of coal-based technology
• A review of the market shares including the top companies within the industry today
• A detailed patent analysis.

More specific objectives are to:

• Identify and segment the main types of coal-related products and technologies that have been commercialized to date;
• Analyze the historical and current volume and value of shipments of each of these product segments in specified end-user and geographical markets;
• Identify and evaluate the impact of demographic, economic and other factors that will drive future demand for coal-related products;
• Forecast the volume and value of shipments of the product segments by and probabilities that future demand will be higher or lower than the baseline forecast;
• Identify promising new coal technologies and products still in the development and testing stage, and assess the probability that they will be commercialized successfully in the next five years;
• Forecast the potential market for these developmental procedures and products, taking into account the estimated probability that they will be commercialized;
• Identify leading manufacturers of coal-based products and analyze the structure of the coal-related product industry (e.g., market shares, concentration, and recent M&A activity);
• Assess the long-term outlook for coal-based products, taking into account market opportunities, as well as technological, financial, and economic factors.

INTENDED AUDIENCE

The report has been written for business executives and other decision-makers responsible for coal-related end products, intermediate coal processing and management dimensions of coal-related products and clean coal technologies.

This especially includes decision-makers in:

• The chemical industry
• Coal research institutions
• Coal manufacturing
• Clean coal technologies
• Coke plants
• Industries that have coal byproducts
• Power plants that use coal

SCOPE AND FORMAT

This report is an analytical business tool whose primary purpose is to describe the coal-related product industry and the U.S. market for these products.

The scope of the study does not include:

• Products and technology that are used exclusively for coal mining;
• Products and technology that are used exclusively for coal beneficiation; or
• Equipment used for coal crushing, grinding and transporting.

The format of the study is organized around the following topics:

• Major types and applications of coal-based products and technology;
• Industry structure;
• Market size and segmentation, including historical data on sales by application, product type, end-user group, and geographical market;
• Market drivers;
• Detailed market projections through 2011;
• Competition and market shares; and
• Observations and conclusions regarding the future of coal-based products and technology.

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION

• COAL-BASED PRODUCTSXX
• COAL PROCESSING TECHNOLOGIES
• CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY
  • STUDY BACKGROUND
  • STUDY GOALS AND OBJECTIVES
  • INTENDED AUDIENCE
  • SCOPE AND FORMAT
  • METHODOLOGY AND INFORMATION SOURCES
  • ANALYST CREDENTIALS
  • RELATED BCC RESEARCH REPORTS
    • REPORTS
    • MONTHLY NEWSLETTERS
  • BCC ON-LINE SERVICES

EXECUTIVE SUMMARY

• SUMMARY TABLE U.S. SALES OF COAL-RELATED PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2011 ($ BILLIONS)
• SUMMARY FIGURE U.S. AND GLOBAL SALES OF COAL-RELATED PRODUCTS AND EQUIPMENT, 2003-2011 ($ BILLIONS)

OVERVIEW: HISTORY AND CURRENT STATE OF COAL-BASED PRODUCT AND TECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY

• GENERAL DESCRIPTION
• HISTORY OF COAL-BASED PRODUCTS
• THE CHEMICAL NATURE OF COAL AND COAL-BASED PRODUCTS
  • TABLE 1 CHEMISTRY OF COAL-BASED PRODUCTS
  • CHEMISTRY OF COAL
  • FIGURE 1 AN EXAMPLE CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF COAL
  • TABLE 2 COAL RANK CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS
  • TABLE 3 SULFUR CONTENT IN COAL FROM U.S. COAL RESERVES (MG/MJ)
  • FIGURE 2 SULFUR CONTENT IN COAL FROM U.S. COAL RESERVES (MG/MJ)
• CHEMISTRY OF COAL BASED PRODUCTS
• Coal Gasification Products
  • Coal Gas/Towngas
  • Water Gas
  • Synthesis Gas
  • Hydrogen
  • Carbon Dioxide
  • Fischer-Tropsch Liquids
• Coal Liquefaction Products
  • Fischer-Tropsch Liquids
• Coal Combustion Products
  • Fly Ash
    • TABLE 4 AVERAGE BULK COMPOSITION OF A CLASS F FLY ASH
    • TABLE 5 AVERAGE BULK COMPOSITION OF A CLASS C FLY ASH
    • TABLE 6 TYPICAL BULK COMPOSITION OF A FLUIDIZED BED COMBUSTION FLY ASH
  • Bottom Ash
    • TABLE 7 PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF BOTTOM ASH (PERCENT BY WEIGHT PASSING)
    • TABLE 8 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SELECTED BOTTOM ASH (PERCENT BY WEIGHT).
  • Boiler Slag
    • TABLE 9 PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF BOILER SLAG (PERCENT BY WEIGHT PASSING)
    • TABLE 10 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SELECTED BOILER SLAG SAMPLES (PERCENT BY WEIGHT)
  • Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) Material
    • TABLE 11 MAJOR COMPONENTS OF FGD SCRUBBER MATERIAL FROM DIFFERENT COAL TYPES AND SCRUBBING PROCESSES (PERCENT BY WEIGHT)
  • Coal Carbonization
    • FIGURE 3 COAL CARBONIZATION PRODUCTS (PERCENT) (%)
• THE TECHNOLOGY OF COAL MANUFACTURING
  • TABLE 12 TECHNOLOGY OF COAL MANUFACTURING
• COAL GASIFICATION
  • TABLE 13 COAL GASIFICATION REACTIONS
• COAL LIQUEFACTION PROCESS
• COAL COMBUSTION PROCESS
  • TABLE 14 COAL COMBUSTION REACTIONS
• COAL CARBONIZATION PROCESS
  • TABLE 15 THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON GAS COMPOSITION DURING CARBONZATION
• EQUIPMENT FOR COAL-PROCESSING AND THE PROCESSING OF COAL-RELATED PRODUCTS
• COAL GASIFICATION SYSTEMS
  • TABLE 16 COAL GASIFICATION PROCESSES
  • FIGURE 4 COAL GASIFICATION EQUIPMENT
• Fixed Bed (Moving Bed) Gasifier
  • Lurgi Process
  • Wellman-Galusha Process
  • Foster-Wheeler Stoic Process
  • Woodall-Duckham Process
• Fluidized Bed Gasifier
  • Winkler Process
  • Hydrane Process
  • Hygas Process
  • Synthane Process
  • U-Gas Process
  • Coalcon (Hydrocarbonization) Process
  • Pressurized Fluidized Bed Process
• Entrained - Bed Processes
• Molten Salt Processes
• Underground Gasification
• DIRECT LIQUEFACTION PROCESSES
  • TABLE 17 COAL LIQUEFACTION PROCESSES
• Pyrolysis Processes
  • Lurgi-Ruhrgas Process
  • COED (Char-Oil Energy Development) Process
  • Occidental Flash Pyrolysis Process
• Solvent Extraction Processes
  • Consol Synthetic Fuel (CSF) Processes
  • Solvent Refined Coal (SRC)
  • Exxon Donor Solvent (EDS) Process
• Catalytic Liquefaction Processes
  • H-Coal Process
  • Fischer-Tropsch Process
  • Methanol Synthesis
  • Methanol- to-Gasoline
• COAL COMBUSTION SYSTEMS
  • TABLE 18 COAL COMBUSTION PROCESSES
• Fixed or Slowly Moving Beds
  • Updraft Combustion
  • Downdraft Combustion
  • UnderFeed Firing
• Suspension Firing
• Comparing Suspension and Fuel-Bed Firing
• Pulverized-Coal Furnaces
• Pulverizers
• Fluidized Bed Combustion
• Entrained Systems
  • Cyclone Furnaces
• Common Pollutants Formed During Coal Combustion
  • Sulfur Emissions
  • Nitrogen Oxide Emissions
  • Particle Emissions
• COAL CARBONIZATION SYSTEMS
  • TABLE 19 COAL CARBONIZATION PROCESSES
  • High Temperature Carbonization
  • Low Temperature Carbonization
• END USES OF COAL-BASED PRODUCTS
  • TABLE 20 KEY COAL-BASED PRODUCTS, BY PROCESS TYPE
  • FIGURE 5 EASTMAN CHEMICAL GASIFICATION/LIQUEFACTION PROCESS
• COAL GASIFICATION PRODUCTS
  • Synthesis Gas
  • Hydrogen
    • FIGURE 6 MAIN USES FOR HYDROGEN BY APPLICATION 2003 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
    • TABLE 21 MAJOR CHEMICALS FROM AMMONIA, U.S. 2000-2001
    • FIGURE 7 MAIN USES FOR AMMONIA BY APPLICATION 2005 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
  • Urea and Melamine Resins
    • FIGURE 8 MAIN USES FOR UREA BY APPLICATION 2005 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
  • Methanol
    • FIGURE 9 MAIN USES FOR METHANOL BY APPLICATION 2005 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
  • Carbon Dioxide
  • Formaldehyde
    • FIGURE 10 MAIN USES FOR FORMALDEHYDE BY APPLICATION 2004 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
  • Acetic Acid
    • FIGURE 11 MAIN USES FOR ACETIC ACID BY APPLICATION 2006 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
  • Acetic Anhydride
    • FIGURE 12 MAIN USES FOR ACETIC ANHYDRIDE BY APPLICATION 2004 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
  • Cresylics
    • FIGURE 13 MAIN USES FOR CRESYLICS BY APPLICATION 2004 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
  • Carbon Monoxide
• COAL LIQUEFACTION PRODUCTS
  • TABLE 22 COAL LIQUEFACTION PRODUCTS
  • TABLE 23 FISCHER-TROPSCH PRDUCTS OBTAINED AT SASOL
• COAL COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
  • TABLE 24 TYPES OF COAL COMBUSTION PRODUCTS AND THEIR CHARACTERISITCS
  • TABLE 25 USES OF COAL COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
  • FIGURE 14 AMOUNT OF COAL COMBUSTION PRODUCTS (CCPS) USED BY TYPE 2004 (PERCENT OF ALL TYPES) (%)
  • Fly Ash
    • FIGURE 15 MAIN USES FOR FLY ASH BY APPLICATION 2004 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
  • Bottom Ash
    • FIGURE 16 MAIN USES FOR BOTTOM ASH BY APPLICATION 2004 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
  • Boiler Slag
    • FIGURE 17 MAIN USES FOR BOILER SLAG BY APPLICATION 2004 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
    • Flue Gas Desulfurization (FGD) Material
    • FIGURE 18 MAIN USES FOR FGD GYPSUM BY APPLICATION 2004 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
    • FIGURE 19 MAIN USES FOR FGD MATERIAL WET SCRUBBERS BY APPLICATION 2004 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
    • FIGURE 20 MAIN USES FOR FGD MATERIAL DRY SCRUBBERS BY APPLICATION 2004 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
    • FIGURE 21 MAIN USES FOR FGD ASH BY APPLICATION 2004 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
    • TABLE 26 COAL TAR CHEMICALS
    • FIGURE 22 CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF COAL TAR DISTILLATION PRODUCTS
    • TABLE 27 ANALYSIS OF TYPICAL COKE OVEN CRUDE LIGHT OIL
  • Benzene
    • FIGURE 23 MAIN USES FOR BENZENE BY APPLICATION 2005 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
  • Toluene
    • FIGURE 24 MAIN USES FOR TOLUENE BY APPLICATION 2006 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
  • Xylenes
    • FIGURE 25 MAIN USES FOR XYLENES BY APPLICATION 2004 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
  • Phenol
    • FIGURE 26 MAIN USES FOR PHENOL BY APPLICATION 2005 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
  • Naphthalene
  • Phthalic Anhydride
    • FIGURE 27 MAIN USES FOR PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE BY APPLICATION 2006 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
  • Carbon Black
    • FIGURE 28 MAIN USES FOR CARBON BLACK BY APPLICATION 2005 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
• POTENTIAL NEW COAL-BASED TECHNOLOGIES
  • INTRODUCTION
    • FIGURE 29 REPRESENTRATION OF SOURCE EMMISIONS FROM FOSSIL FUELS
    • TABLE 28 CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF POLLUTANTS
    • TABLE 29 NUMBER OF EXISITING AND EXPECTED COAL PLANTS BY COUNTRY
• CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY AND OTHER DOE PROGRAMS
  • TABLE 30 CLEAN COAL PROCESSES
  • Coal-Based Liquid/Solid Fuels and Feedstocks
    • FIGURE 30 PERCENT OF US CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMS BY REGION, (2006) (PERCENT OF ALL COMPANIES IN SAMPLE) (%)
  • Programs by Type
    • FIGURE 31 CLEAN COAL PROGRAMS BY TECHNOLOGY, (2006) (PERCENT OF ALL COMPANIES IN SAMPLE) (%)
    • TABLE 31 CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMS BY END PRODUCT, 2001-2006
    • TABLE 32 ASSIGNEES OF THREE OR MORE CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FUNDING PROGRAMS, 2001-2006
• COMMERCIAL SUCCESSES OF CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMS
  • TABLE 33 CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMS COMMERCIAL SUCCESSES
  • TABLE 34 TECHNOLOGICAL BENEFITS FROM THE CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
  • TABLE 35 ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OBTAINED FROM CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
  • FIGURE 32 NOX AND SO2 EMISSION TRENDS(MILLION SHORT TONS)
• DESCRIPTION OF CLEAN COAL AND OTHER DOE PROGRAMS
  • Environmental Control Technologies
  • DOE' s Innovations for Existing Plants - Helping Achieve Clear Skies
  • Gasification Technologies
    • Environmental Benefits
    • Efficiency Benefits
  • Carbon Capture and Storage or Carbon Sequestration (CCS)
  • Advanced Combustion Technologies
    • New Focus on Hybrid Technology
  • Coal Utilization Science
  • Bioprocessing of Coal
• INTERNATIONAL COAL-BASED PRODUCT MARKETS
  • TABLE 36 INTERNATIONAL MANUFACTURERS OF COAL-RELATED PRODUCTS
  • MARKET SHARE (DOLLAR SALES), 2006
    • TABLE 37 INTERNATIONAL COAL-BASED PRODUCT MANUFACTURERS BY SIZE, 2006
    • FIGURE 33 PERCENT OF INTERNATIONAL COAL-BASED PRODUCT PROCESSING PLANTS BY REGION (2006) (PERCENT OF ALL COMPANIES IN SAMPLE) (%)
    • FIGURE 34 KEY INTERNATIONAL COAL-PROCESSING COMPANIES, BY PROCESS TYPE, (2006) (PERCENT OF ALL COMPANIES IN SAMPLE) (%)
    • FIGURE 35 INTERNATIONAL COAL-PROCESSING COMPANIES BY COAL-BASED PRODUCT, (2006) (PERCENT OF ALL COMPANIES IN SAMPLE) (%)
• MAJOR COMPANIES AND MARKET SHARE IN THE UNITED STATES
  • TABLE 38 MANUFACTURERS OF COAL-RELATED PRODUCTS IN THE UNITED STATES
  • MARKET SHARE (DOLLAR SALES), 2006
    • TABLE 39 U.S. COAL-BASED PRODUCT MANUFACTURERS BY SIZE AND SALES CATEGORY, 2006
    • FIGURE 36 PERCENT OF US COAL PROCESSING PLANTS BY REGION 2006 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
      • BY APPLICATION SEGMENTS
    • FIGURE 37 U.S. COAL-BASED PRODUCT COMPANIES BY PROCESS 2006 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
    • TABLE 40 US COAL-PROCESSING COMPANIES BY COAL-BASED PRODUCT, 2006
    • TABLE 41 US COAL TRADE BY TYPE (MILLION SHORT TONS) (2003 - 2011)
    • TABLE 42 END YEAR COAL STOCKS BY SECTOR (2003 - 2011)
    • TABLE 43 AVERAGE COAL-BASED PRODUCT STOCKS (2003 - 2011)
      • PROJECTED PRODUCTION OF COAL-BASED PRODUCTS
    • TABLE 44 ESTIMATED COAL PRODUCTION BY COAL TYPE (MILLION SHORT TONS) (2003 - 2011)
    • TABLE 45 ESTIMATED COAL-BASED CHEMICAL AND PRODUCTS PRODUCTION FROM COAL (2003 - 2011)(%)
    • TABLE 46 ESTIMATED COAL-BASED CHEMICAL AND PRODUCTS VALUE OF SHIPMENTS (THOUSANDS) (2003 - 2011) (%)
• SYNTHESIS GAS PRODUCTS (COAL GASIFICATION AND LIQUEFACTION)
  • Hydrogen
    • TABLE 47 ESTIMATED HYDROGEN PRODUCTION (MIILLION CUBIC FEET)(2003 - 2011)
  • Carbon Dioxide
    • TABLE 48 ESTIMATED CARBON DIOXIDE PRODUCTION (MIILLION CUBIC FEET)(2003 - 2011)
  • Methanol
    • TABLE 49 ESTIMATED METHANOL PRODUCTION (MILLIONS OF GALLONS PER YEAR)(2003 - 2011)
  • Ammonia
    • TABLE 50 ESTIMATED AMMONIA PRODUCTION (MILLION CUBIC FEET)(2003 - 2011)
  • Urea
    • TABLE 51 ESTIMATED UREA PRODUCTION (MILLION CUBIC FEET)(2003 - 2011)
  • Acetic Acid and Acetic Anhydride
    • TABLE 52 ESTIMATED ACETIC ACID PRODUCTION (MILLIONS OF POUNDS PER YEAR)(2003 - 2011)
    • TABLE 53 ESTIMATED ACETIC ANHYDRIDE PRODUCTION (MILLIONS OF POUNDS PER YEAR)(2003 - 2011)
  • Cresylics
    • TABLE 54 ESTIMATED CRESYLICS PRODUCTION (MILLIONS OF POUNDS PER YEAR)(2003 - 2011)
  • Phenol
    • TABLE 55 ESTIMATED PHENOL PRODUCTION (MILLIONS OF POUNDS PER YEAR)(2003 - 2011)
• COAL COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
  • TABLE 56 ESTIMATED CCP PRODUCTION (MILLION SHORT TONS)(2003 - 2011)
  • FIGURE 38 AMOUNT OF COAL COMBUSTION PRODUCTS (CCPS) PRODUCED BY TYPE 2004 (PERCENT OF ALL TYPES) (%)
• CARBONIZATION PRODUCTS
  • Coke
    • TABLE 57 U.S. COKE PRODUCTION, 2000-2006 (THOUSAND SHORT TONS)
  • Benzene
    • TABLE 58 ESTIMATED BENEZENE PRODUCTION (MILLIONS OF GALLONS PER YEAR)(2003 - 2011)
  • Toluene
  • TABLE 59 ESTIMATED TOLUENE PRODUCTION (MILLIONS OF GALLONS PER YEAR)(2003 - 2011)
• Xylenes
  • TABLE 60 ESTIMATED MIXED XYLENE PRODUCTION (MILLIONS OF POUNDS PER YEAR)(2003 - 2011)
• Carbon Black
  • TABLE 61 ESTIMATED CARBON BLACK PRODUCTION (MILLIONS OF POUNDS PER YEAR)(2003 - 2011)
• Phthalic Anhydride
  • TABLE 62 ESTIMATED PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE PRODUCTION (MILLIONS OF POUNDS PER YEAR)(2003 - 2011)
• Carbon Pitch
  • TABLE 63 ESTIMATED CARBON PITCH PRODUCTION (MILLION METRIC TONS)(2003 - 2011)
• PROJECTED CONSUMPTION OF COAL-BASED PRODUCTS
  • TABLE 64 ESTIMATED COAL CONSUMPTION BY SECTOR (MILLION SHORT TONS) (2003 - 2011)
  • TABLE 65 ESTIMATED COAL CONSUMPTION BY US CENSUS AREA (MILLION SHORT TONS) (2003 - 2011)
  • TABLE 66 ESTIMATED COAL-BASED CHEMICAL AND PRODUCTS CONSUMPTION (2003 - 2011)(%)
• SYNTHESIS GAS PRODUCTS (COAL GASIFICATION AND LIQUEFACTION)
  • Hydrogen
    • TABLE 67 ESTIMATED HYDROGEN CONSUMPTION (MILLION CUBIC FEET)(2003 - 2011)
  • Carbon Dioxide
    • TABLE 68 ESTIMATED CARBON DIOXIDE CONSUMPTION (MILLION METRIC TONS)(2003 - 2011)
  • Methanol
    • TABLE 69 ESTIMATED METHANOL CONSUMPTION (MILLIONS OF GALLONS PER YEAR)(2003 - 2011)
  • Ammonia, synthetic anhydrous
    • TABLE 70 ESTIMATED AMMONIA CONSUMPTION (MILLION CUBIC FEET)(2003 - 2011)
  • Urea
    • TABLE 71 ESTIMATED UREA CONSUMPTION (MILLION CUBIC FEET)(2003 - 2011)
  • Acetic Acid and Acetic Anhydride
    • TABLE 72 ESTIMATED ACETIC ACID CONSUMPTION (MILLION LBS PER YEAR)(2003 - 2011)
    • TABLE 73 ESTIMATED ACETIC ANHYDRIDE CONSUMPTION (MILLION LBS PER YEAR)(2003 - 2011)
  • Cresylics
    • TABLE 74 ESTIMATED CRESYLICS CONSUMPTION (MILLIONS OF POUNDS PER YEAR)(2003 - 2011)
  • Phenol
    • TABLE 75 ESTIMATED PHENOL CONSUMPTION (MILLIONS OF POUNDS PER YEAR)(2003 - 2011)
• COAL COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
  • TABLE 76 ESTIMATED CCP CONSUMPTION (MILLION SHORT TONS)(2003 - 2011)
  • FIGURE 39 APPLICATION USE TO PRODUCTION RATE FOR COAL COMBUSTION PRODUCTS, 2004 (%)
• COAL CARBONIZATION PRODUCTS
  • Coke
    • TABLE 77 U.S. COKE CONSUMPTION, 2000-2006 (THOUSAND SHORT TONS)
    • Source: Energy Information Administration 87
  • Benzene
    • TABLE 78 ESTIMATED BENZENE CONSUMPTION (MILLIONS OF GALLONS PER YEAR)(2003 - 2011)
  • Toluene
    • TABLE 79 ESTIMATED TOLUENE CONSUMPTION (MILLIONS OF GALLONS PER YEAR)(2003 - 2011)
  • Xylenes
    • TABLE 80 ESTIMATED MIXED XYLENES CONSUMPTION (MILLIONS OF LBS PER YEAR)(2003 - 2011)
  • Carbon Black
    • TABLE 81 ESTIMATED CARBON BLACK CONSUMPTION (MILLIONS OF POUNDS PER YEAR)(2003 - 2011)
  • Phthalic Anhydride
    • TABLE 82 ESTIMATED PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE CONSUMPTION (MILLIONS OF LBS PER YEAR)(2003 - 2011)
• CHARACTERISITICS OF MAJOR INDUSTRIES
  • TABLE 83 MATERIALS CONSUMED BY INDUSTRY TYPE FOR COAL-BASED PRODUCTS TYPE($)
  • TABLE 84 TOTAL VALUE OF SHIPMENTS BY INDUSTRY(BILLIONS)
• COAL GASIFICATION AND LIQUEFACTION PRODUCTS
  • Basic Organic Chemical Manufacturing (325193), (325199)
  • Nitrogenous Fertilizer Manufacturing (325311)
  • Industrial Gas Manufacturing (325120)
• COAL COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
  • Asphalt Paving Mixture and Block Manufacturing (324121)
  • Asphalt Shingle and Coating Materials Manufacturing (324122)
  • All Other Petroleum and Coal Products Manufacturing (324199)
• COAL CARBONIZATION PRODUCTS
  • Inorganic Dye and Pigment Manufacturing (325131)
• TRENDS IN PRICE/PERFORMANCE
• COAL PRICES
  • TABLE 85 AVERAGE DELIVERED PRICE OF COAL BY SECTOR (2003 - 2011)
• COAL - BASED CHEMICAL AND PRODUCT SALES AND PERFORMANCE
  • TABLE 86 SALES OF COAL-BASED PRODUCTS, BY PRODUCT (2003 - 2011)
• COAL GASIFICATION/LIQUEFACTION PRODUCTS
  • TABLE 87 AVERAGE PRICES OF COAL GASIFICATION/LIQUEFACTION PRODUCTS (2003 - 2011)
    • Prices by Industry for Coal Gasification/Liquefaction Products
  • TABLE 88 PRICE PER UNIT, BY INDUSTRY TYPE FOR COALGASIFICATION/LIQUEFACTION BASED PRODUCTS(2003 - 2011) ($)
• COAL COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
  • FIGURE 40 PRICES PER TON FOR COAL COMBUSTION PRODUCTS (CCPS), 2004 (%)
  • TABLE 89 AVERAGE PRICES OF COAL-BASED PRODUCTS, BY PRODUCT (2003 - 2011)
    • Coal Combustion Product Prices by Industry
  • TABLE 90 PRICE PER UNIT, BY INDUSTRY TYPE FOR COAL COMBUSTION PRODUCTS (2003 - 2011)
• COAL CARBONIZATION PRODUCTS
  • TABLE 91 AVERAGE PRICES OF COAL CARBONIZATION PRODUCTS, (2003 - 2011)
  • TABLE 92 AVERAGE DELIVERED PRICE OF COAL FOR COKE PLANTS (2003 - 2011)
• Coal Carbonization Product Prices by Industry
  • TABLE 93 PRICE PER UNIT, BY INDUSTRY TYPE FOR COAL CARBONIZATION PRODUCTS (2003 - 2011)
• GROWTH OPPORTUNITIES FOR COAL-BASED PRODUCTS
• OTHER FACTORS INFLUENCING DEMAND
• GOVERNMENT REGULATION
  • TABLE 94 GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS FOR COAL PROCESSING
• US PATENT ANALYSIS
  • FIGURE 41 COAL-BASED PRODUCT PATENTS BY REGION FOR UNITED STATES PATENT ANALYSIS, (2006)
  • FIGURE 42 COAL-BASED PRODUCT PATENTS BY REGION FOR UNITED STATES PATENT ANALYSIS, (2006)
• PATENTS BY TYPE
  • FIGURE 43 COAL-BASED PRODUCT PATENTS BY PATENT TYPE FOR UNITED STATES PATENT ANALYSIS, (2006)
  • TABLE 95 COAL-BASED PRODUCT PATENTS BY END PRODUCT, 2001 - 2006
  • TABLE 96 ASSIGNEES OF THREE OR MORE U.S. PATENTS RELATED TO COAL-BASED PRODUCTS, 2001-2006
• GENERAL TECHNOLOGY ISSUES
  • Coal Gasification Issues
  • Coal Liquefaction Issues
  • Coal Combustion Issues
  • Environmental Issues
• TECHNOLOGY ISSUES BY TECHNOLOGY TYPE
  • Coal Gasification
  • Coal Liquefaction
  • Coal Combustion

CONCLUSION

SUMMARY TABLE U.S. SALES OF COAL-RELATED PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2011 ($ BILLIONS)

• TABLE 1 CHEMISTRY OF COAL-BASED PRODUCTS
• TABLE 2 COAL RANK CLASSIFICATIONS AND CHARACTERISTICS
• TABLE 3 SULFUR CONTENT IN COAL FROM U.S. COAL RESERVES (MG/MJ)
• TABLE 4 AVERAGE BULK COMPOSITION OF A CLASS F FLY ASH
• TABLE 5 AVERAGE BULK COMPOSITION OF A CLASS C FLY ASH
• TABLE 6 TYPICAL BULK COMPOSITION OF A FLUIDIZED BED COMBUSTION FLY ASH
• TABLE 7 PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF BOTTOM ASH (PERCENT BY WEIGHT PASSING)
• TABLE 8 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SELECTED BOTTOM ASH (PERCENT BY WEIGHT).
• TABLE 9 PARTICLE SIZE DISTRIBUTION OF BOILER SLAG (PERCENT BY WEIGHT PASSING)
• TABLE 10 CHEMICAL COMPOSITION OF SELECTED BOILER SLAG SAMPLES (PERCENT BY WEIGHT)
• TABLE 11 MAJOR COMPONENTS OF FGD SCRUBBER MATERIAL FROM DIFFERENT COAL TYPES AND SCRUBBING PROCESSES (PERCENT BY WEIGHT)
• TABLE 12 TECHNOLOGY OF COAL MANUFACTURING
• TABLE 13 COAL GASIFICATION REACTIONS
• TABLE 14 COAL COMBUSTION REACTIONS
• TABLE 15 THE EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON GAS COMPOSITION DURING CARBONZATION
• TABLE 16 COAL GASIFICATION PROCESSES
• TABLE 17 COAL LIQUEFACTION PROCESSES
• TABLE 18 COAL COMBUSTION PROCESSES
• TABLE 19 COAL CARBONIZATION PROCESSES
• TABLE 20 KEY COAL-BASED PRODUCTS, BY PROCESS TYPE
• TABLE 21 MAJOR CHEMICALS FROM AMMONIA, U.S. 2000-2001
• TABLE 22 COAL LIQUEFACTION PRODUCTS
• TABLE 23 FISCHER-TROPSCH PRDUCTS OBTAINED AT SASOL
• TABLE 24 TYPES OF COAL COMBUSTION PRODUCTS AND THEIR CHARACTERISITCS
• TABLE 25 USES OF COAL COMBUSTION PRODUCTS
• TABLE 26 COAL TAR CHEMICALS
• TABLE 27 ANALYSIS OF TYPICAL COKE OVEN CRUDE LIGHT OIL
• TABLE 28 CHEMICAL REACTIONS OF POLLUTANTS
• TABLE 29 NUMBER OF EXISITING AND EXPECTED COAL PLANTS BY COUNTRY
• TABLE 30 CLEAN COAL PROCESSES
• TABLE 31 CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMS BY END PRODUCT, 2001-2006
• TABLE 32 ASSIGNEES OF THREE OR MORE CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY FUNDING PROGRAMS, 2001-2006
• TABLE 33 CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMS COMMERCIAL SUCCESSES
• TABLE 34 TECHNOLOGICAL BENEFITS FROM THE CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
• TABLE 35 ENVIRONMENTAL BENEFITS OBTAINED FROM CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAM
• TABLE 36 INTERNATIONAL MANUFACTURERS OF COAL-RELATED PRODUCTS
• MARKET SHARE (DOLLAR SALES), 2006
• TABLE 37 INTERNATIONAL COAL-BASED PRODUCT MANUFACTURERS BY SIZE, 2006
• TABLE 38 MANUFACTURERS OF COAL-RELATED PRODUCTS IN THE UNITED STATES
• MARKET SHARE (DOLLAR SALES), 2006
• TABLE 39 U.S. COAL-BASED PRODUCT MANUFACTURERS BY SIZE AND SALES CATEGORY, 2006
• TABLE 40 US COAL-PROCESSING COMPANIES BY COAL-BASED PRODUCT, 2006
• TABLE 41 US COAL TRADE BY TYPE (MILLION SHORT TONS) (2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 42 END YEAR COAL STOCKS BY SECTOR (2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 43 AVERAGE COAL-BASED PRODUCT STOCKS (2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 44 ESTIMATED COAL PRODUCTION BY COAL TYPE (MILLION SHORT TONS) (2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 45 ESTIMATED COAL-BASED CHEMICAL AND PRODUCTS PRODUCTION FROM COAL (2003 - 2011)(%)
• TABLE 46 ESTIMATED COAL-BASED CHEMICAL AND PRODUCTS VALUE OF SHIPMENTS (THOUSANDS) (2003 - 2011)(%)
• TABLE 47 ESTIMATED HYDROGEN PRODUCTION (MIILLION CUBIC FEET)(2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 48 ESTIMATED CARBON DIOXIDE PRODUCTION (MIILLION CUBIC FEET)(2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 49 ESTIMATED METHANOL PRODUCTION (MILLIONS OF GALLONS PER YEAR)(2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 50 ESTIMATED AMMONIA PRODUCTION (MILLION CUBIC FEET)(2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 51 ESTIMATED UREA PRODUCTION (MILLION CUBIC FEET)(2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 52 ESTIMATED ACETIC ACID PRODUCTION (MILLIONS OF POUNDS PER YEAR)(2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 53 ESTIMATED ACETIC ANHYDRIDE PRODUCTION (MILLIONS OF POUNDS PER YEAR)(2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 54 ESTIMATED CRESYLICS PRODUCTION (MILLIONS OF POUNDS PER YEAR)(2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 55 ESTIMATED PHENOL PRODUCTION (MILLIONS OF POUNDS PER YEAR)(2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 56 ESTIMATED CCP PRODUCTION (MILLION SHORT TONS)(2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 57 U.S. COKE PRODUCTION, 2000-2006 (THOUSAND SHORT TONS)
• TABLE 58 ESTIMATED BENEZENE PRODUCTION (MILLIONS OF GALLONS PER YEAR)(2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 59 ESTIMATED TOLUENE PRODUCTION (MILLIONS OF GALLONS PER YEAR)(2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 60 ESTIMATED MIXED XYLENE PRODUCTION (MILLIONS OF POUNDS PER YEAR)(2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 61 ESTIMATED CARBON BLACK PRODUCTION (MILLIONS OF POUNDS PER YEAR)(2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 62 ESTIMATED PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE PRODUCTION (MILLIONS OF POUNDS PER YEAR)(2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 63 ESTIMATED CARBON PITCH PRODUCTION (MILLION METRIC TONS)(2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 64 ESTIMATED COAL CONSUMPTION BY SECTOR (MILLION SHORT TONS) (2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 65 ESTIMATED COAL CONSUMPTION BY US CENSUS AREA (MILLION SHORT TONS) (2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 66 ESTIMATED COAL-BASED CHEMICAL AND PRODUCTS CONSUMPTION (2003 - 2011)(%)
• TABLE 67 ESTIMATED HYDROGEN CONSUMPTION (MILLION CUBIC FEET)(2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 68 ESTIMATED CARBON DIOXIDE CONSUMPTION (MILLION METRIC TONS)(2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 69 ESTIMATED METHANOL CONSUMPTION (MILLIONS OF GALLONS PER YEAR)(2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 70 ESTIMATED AMMONIA CONSUMPTION (MILLION CUBIC FEET)(2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 71 ESTIMATED UREA CONSUMPTION (MILLION CUBIC FEET)(2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 72 ESTIMATED ACETIC ACID CONSUMPTION (MILLION LBS PER YEAR)(2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 73 ESTIMATED ACETIC ANHYDRIDE CONSUMPTION (MILLION LBS PER YEAR)(2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 74 ESTIMATED CRESYLICS CONSUMPTION (MILLIONS OF POUNDS PER YEAR)(2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 75 ESTIMATED PHENOL CONSUMPTION (MILLIONS OF POUNDS PER YEAR)(2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 76 ESTIMATED CCP CONSUMPTION (MILLION SHORT TONS)(2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 77 U.S. COKE CONSUMPTION, 2000-2006 (THOUSAND SHORT TONS)
  • Source: Energy Information Administration 87
• TABLE 78 ESTIMATED BENZENE CONSUMPTION (MILLIONS OF GALLONS PER YEAR)(2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 79 ESTIMATED TOLUENE CONSUMPTION (MILLIONS OF GALLONS PER YEAR)(2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 80 ESTIMATED MIXED XYLENES CONSUMPTION (MILLIONS OF LBS PER YEAR)(2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 81 ESTIMATED CARBON BLACK CONSUMPTION (MILLIONS OF POUNDS PER YEAR)(2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 82 ESTIMATED PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE CONSUMPTION (MILLIONS OF LBS PER YEAR)(2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 83 MATERIALS CONSUMED BY INDUSTRY TYPE FOR COAL-BASED PRODUCTS TYPE($)
• TABLE 84 TOTAL VALUE OF SHIPMENTS BY INDUSTRY(BILLIONS)
• TABLE 85 AVERAGE DELIVERED PRICE OF COAL BY SECTOR (2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 86 SALES OF COAL-BASED PRODUCTS, BY PRODUCT (2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 87 AVERAGE PRICES OF COAL GASIFICATION/LIQUEFACTION PRODUCTS (2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 88 PRICE PER UNIT, BY INDUSTRY TYPE FOR COALGASIFICATION/LIQUEFACTION BASED PRODUCTS(2003 - 2011) ($)
• TABLE 89 AVERAGE PRICES OF COAL-BASED PRODUCTS, BY PRODUCT (2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 90 PRICE PER UNIT, BY INDUSTRY TYPE FOR COAL COMBUSTION PRODUCTS (2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 91 AVERAGE PRICES OF COAL CARBONIZATION PRODUCTS, (2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 92 AVERAGE DELIVERED PRICE OF COAL FOR COKE PLANTS (2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 93 PRICE PER UNIT, BY INDUSTRY TYPE FOR COAL CARBONIZATION PRODUCTS (2003 - 2011)
• TABLE 94 GOVERNMENT REGULATIONS FOR COAL PROCESSING
• TABLE 95 COAL-BASED PRODUCT PATENTS BY END PRODUCT, 2001 - 2006
• TABLE 96 ASSIGNEES OF THREE OR MORE U.S. PATENTS RELATED TO COAL-BASED PRODUCTS, 2001-2006

SUMMARY FIGURE U.S. AND GLOBAL SALES OF COAL-RELATED PRODUCTS AND EQUIPMENT, 2003-2011 ($ BILLIONS)

• FIGURE 1 AN EXAMPLE CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF COAL
• FIGURE 2 SULFUR CONTENT IN COAL FROM U.S. COAL RESERVES (MG/MJ)
• FIGURE 3 COAL CARBONIZATION PRODUCTS (PERCENT) (%)
• FIGURE 4 COAL GASIFICATION EQUIPMENT
• FIGURE 5 EASTMAN CHEMICAL GASIFICATION/LIQUEFACTION PROCESS
• FIGURE 6 MAIN USES FOR HYDROGEN BY APPLICATION 2003 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
• FIGURE 7 MAIN USES FOR AMMONIA BY APPLICATION 2005 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
• FIGURE 8 MAIN USES FOR UREA BY APPLICATION 2005 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
• FIGURE 9 MAIN USES FOR METHANOL BY APPLICATION 2005 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
• FIGURE 10 MAIN USES FOR FORMALDEHYDE BY APPLICATION 2004 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
• FIGURE 11 MAIN USES FOR ACETIC ACID BY APPLICATION 2006 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
• FIGURE 12 MAIN USES FOR ACETIC ANHYDRIDE BY APPLICATION 2004 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
• FIGURE 13 MAIN USES FOR CRESYLICS BY APPLICATION 2004 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
• FIGURE 14 AMOUNT OF COAL COMBUSTION PRODUCTS (CCPS) USED BY TYPE 2004 (PERCENT OF ALL TYPES) (%)
• FIGURE 15 MAIN USES FOR FLY ASH BY APPLICATION 2004 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
• FIGURE 16 MAIN USES FOR BOTTOM ASH BY APPLICATION 2004 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
• FIGURE 17 MAIN USES FOR BOILER SLAG BY APPLICATION 2004 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
• FIGURE 18 MAIN USES FOR FGD GYPSUM BY APPLICATION 2004 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
• FIGURE 19 MAIN USES FOR FGD MATERIAL WET SCRUBBERS BY APPLICATION 2004 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
• FIGURE 20 MAIN USES FOR FGD MATERIAL DRY SCRUBBERS BY APPLICATION 2004 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
• FIGURE 21 MAIN USES FOR FGD ASH BY APPLICATION 2004 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
• FIGURE 22 CHEMICAL STRUCTURE OF COAL TAR DISTILLATION PRODUCTS
• FIGURE 23 MAIN USES FOR BENZENE BY APPLICATION 2005 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
• FIGURE 24 MAIN USES FOR TOLUENE BY APPLICATION 2006 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
• FIGURE 25 MAIN USES FOR XYLENES BY APPLICATION 2004 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
• FIGURE 26 MAIN USES FOR PHENOL BY APPLICATION 2005 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
• FIGURE 27 MAIN USES FOR PHTHALIC ANHYDRIDE BY APPLICATION 2006 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
• FIGURE 28 MAIN USES FOR CARBON BLACK BY APPLICATION 2005 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
• FIGURE 29 REPRESENTRATION OF SOURCE EMMISIONS FROM FOSSIL FUELS
• FIGURE 30 PERCENT OF US CLEAN COAL TECHNOLOGY PROGRAMS BY REGION, (2006) (PERCENT OF ALL COMPANIES IN SAMPLE) (%)
• FIGURE 31 CLEAN COAL PROGRAMS BY TECHNOLOGY, (2006) (PERCENT OF ALL COMPANIES IN SAMPLE) (%)
• FIGURE 32 NOX AND SO2 EMISSION TRENDS(MILLION SHORT TONS)
• FIGURE 33 PERCENT OF INTERNATIONAL COAL-BASED PRODUCT PROCESSING PLANTS BY REGION (2006) (PERCENT OF ALL COMPANIES IN SAMPLE) (%)
• FIGURE 34 KEY INTERNATIONAL COAL-PROCESSING COMPANIES, BY PROCESS TYPE, (2006) (PERCENT OF ALL COMPANIES IN SAMPLE) (%)
• FIGURE 35 INTERNATIONAL COAL-PROCESSING COMPANIES BY COAL-BASED PRODUCT, (2006) (PERCENT OF ALL COMPANIES IN SAMPLE) (%)
• FIGURE 36 PERCENT OF US COAL PROCESSING PLANTS BY REGION 2006 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
• FIGURE 37 U.S. COAL-BASED PRODUCT COMPANIES BY PROCESS 2006 (PERCENT OF ALL MAIN USES) (%)
• FIGURE 38 AMOUNT OF COAL COMBUSTION PRODUCTS (CCPS) PRODUCED BY TYPE 2004 (PERCENT OF ALL TYPES) (%)
• FIGURE 39 APPLICATION USE TO PRODUCTION RATE FOR COAL COMBUSTION PRODUCTS, 2004 (%)
• FIGURE 40 PRICES PER TON FOR COAL COMBUSTION PRODUCTS (CCPS), 2004 (%)
• FIGURE 41 COAL-BASED PRODUCT PATENTS BY REGION FOR UNITED STATES PATENT ANALYSIS, (2006)
• FIGURE 42 COAL-BASED PRODUCT PATENTS BY REGION FOR UNITED STATES PATENT ANALYSIS, (2006)
• FIGURE 43 COAL-BASED PRODUCT PATENTS BY PATENT TYPE FOR UNITED STATES PATENT ANALYSIS, (2006)