カーボンナノチューブ：技術動向および商業的展望

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Among the numerous categories in the evolving field of newly synthesized nanomaterials, carbon nanotubes (CNTs) are perhaps among the most dynamic and undergoing the most rapid pace of development. The past 5 years have witnessed relentless growth in research, development, and technological understanding of these remarkable materials. Universities, small businesses, and start-ups, as well as large corporations have continued to probe and exploit numerous commercial possibilities. As a result, the list of product applications is expanding considerably and is projected to do so well into the future.

The most tangible evidence for growth and interest is reflected first by the emergence of new CNT industrial producers capable of offering CNTs in near-commercial scale quantities at more affordable unit pricing. In addition, after several years of incubation, there is a new breed of university spin-offs or nanotechnology companies targeting specific application sectors. Additional evidence of growth is the increasing presence of larger, more established corporations that recognize the future market opportunities offered by CNTs. Finally, over the past 5 years there has been phenomenal growth in patent activity. For instance, in the past 3 years the number of CNT-related issued patents has almost tripled, reaching close to 600 patents in 2006 alone. For patents pending, the situation is even more dramatic, approaching a cumulative backlog close to 4500 patents applications.

In view of the technical momentum behind a growing multibillion dollar technology investment, and the enormous business potential, this report provides a timely update on carbon nanotubes-overall status of technology, and analysis of where the carbon nanotube market will be in the immediate future.

SCOPE OF STUDY

This report contains:

• An overview of the global market for carbon nanotubes, including definitions and important details about the industry
• Historical and current market data about carbon nanotubes which are then used to provide detailed forecasts through 2011; it also discusses the market in terms of commercial sectors and applications for CNTs, including composites, electronics, energy, and other categories
• Definitions, history, and product methodology for the latest important technological breakthroughs, as well as a discussion of unique properties of CNTs, and the different features and challenges of each.
• Profiles of important companies.

METHODOLOGY AND SOURCES OF INFORMATION

This report is primarily derived from the enormous amount of patent and technical literature relating to CNTs disclosed in the public domain. In addition, complementary information has also been drawn from the business community such as company investment news, company profiles, press releases, and personal telephone interviews with selected companies.

AUTHOR' S CREDENTIALS

John Oliver, the author of this report, is the founder of Innov8 Solutions, which provides advanced materials consultation services to various clients. He has over 30 years industrial R&D experience in surface and colloid science spanning a wide range of materials technology. Primarily, working as a senior scientist at Xerox Research Centre of Canada, he developed an invaluable understanding in advanced materials used in digital printing technologies such as xerography and inkjet printing. More recently through his involvements with the Alberta Research Council and several local universities, his interests have evolved into the realm of nanomaterials and microsystems device integration. He has a Ph.D. in Physical Chemistry from McGill University, a BSc degree in Chemistry from Surrey University, U.K. His publications include more than 40 technical articles, 20 patents, and one technical book.

Table of Contents

• INTRODUCTION
  • MOTIVATION
  • OBJECTIVES AND PURPOSE OF THIS REPORT
  • SCOPE AND FORMAT
  • CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY AND TARGET AUDIENCE
  • METHODOLOGY AND SOURCES OF INFORMATION
  • AUTHOR' S CREDENTIALS
  • RELATED REPORTS AND OTHER PUBLICATIONS
    • REPORTS
    • MONTHLY NEWSLETTER
• DISCLAIMER
• EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
  • Summary Table:
  • GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR CARBON NANOTUBES IN PROMISING COMMERCIAL SECTORS, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Summary Figure:
  • GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR CARBON NANOTUBES IN PROMISING COMMERCIAL SECTORS, 2006-2011 ($ MILLIONS)
• TECHNOLOGY OVERVIEW
  • WHAT ARE CARBON NANOTUBES?
  • Figure 1 FORMATION OF SINGLE-WALL CARBON NANOTUBE STRUCTURE
  • Figure 2 CARBON NANOTUBE STRUCTURES
    • A BRIEF HISTORY OF NANOTUBES
  • Table 1 CHRONOLOGY OF SOME CNT LANDMARK DEVELOPMENTS
    • COMPARISON OF CARBON COMPOUNDS
  • Table 2 SOME COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES OF CARBON ALLOTROPES
    • DIAMOND
      • Diamondoids
      • Nanocrystalline Diamond and Carbon Nanotube Hybrid Films
    • GRAPHITE
    • FULLERENES
      • Spherical Form: Buckminsterfullerene
      • Cylindrical Form: CNTs
      • Linear Form: Carbynes
    • CARBON NANOFIBERS
    • CARBIDE-DERIVED MESOPOROUS CARBON
      • PROPERTIES OF CARBON NANOTUBES
  • Table 3 SOME CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES OF CARBON NANOTUBES
  • Table 3 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 4 COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES OF DIFFERENT CARBON NANOTUBES AND CARBON FIBERS
    • APPLICATIONS OF CARBON NANOTUBES
  • Table 5 DIVERSE RANGE OF INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS FOR CNTS
  • Table 6 SOME EXAMPLES OF OPTIMUM FORMS OF CNTS REQUIRED FOR DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS
    • OTHER TYPES OF NANOTUBE COMPOUNDS
      • SYNTHETIC INORGANIC NANOTUBES
  • Table 7 PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF SOME INORGANIC NANOTUBES
    • NATURAL INORGANIC NANOTUBES
    • ORGANIC NANOTUBES
      • NANOTUBE PRODUCTION
  • Table 8 COMPARISON OF THE MOST COMMON TYPES OF CNT BATCH PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES
    • ARC DISCHARGE
    • LASER ABLATION
    • CHEMICAL VAPOR DEPOSITION
    • SYNTHETIC PROCESSES FACTORS AFFECTING GROWTH
  • Table 9 SYNTHETIC PROCESS FACTORS AFFECTING CNT GROWTH
    • CONTINUOUS SCALABLE PRODUCTION
  • Table 10 COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CNT PROCESSES
  • Table 11 COMPARISON OF SEVERAL SWNT CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES
    • Chemical Vapor Deposition
    • Flame Combustion
    • Plasma Torch
      • Plasma Torch (Continued)
    • Other Developments
      • Catalyst-Free SWNTs
      • Use of Natural Lava Catalysts
      • Higher Purity and Controlled Diameter SWNTs
      • Different Carbon Feedstock
      • Pulsed Laser Vaporization
    • PURIFICATION AND PRODUCT QUALITY CONTROL
  • Table 12 COMMON CNT CHEMICAL PURIFICATION PROCESSES, OUTCOMES AND DISADVANTAGES
  • Table 13 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT IN SEPARATION, PURIFICATION, CAPPING AND UNCAPPING OF CNTS BASED ON U.S. PATENTS
    • CNT APPLICATIONS INTEGRATION
  • Table 14 LEADING U.S. RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS SPEARHEADING CNT SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATIONS DEVELOPMENT
    • SURFACE CHEMICAL FUNCTIONALIZATION
  • Table 15 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN CHEMICAL FUNCTIONALIZATION OF CNTS AND POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS
  • Table 16 EXEMPLARY U.S. PATENTS RELATING TO CNT CHEMICAL FUNCTIONALIZATION
  • Table 17 ORGANIZATIONS OFFERING SURFACE FUNCTIONALIZED CNT DISPERSIONS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
  • Table 17 (CONTINUED)
    • SEPARATING ELECTRONIC STRUCTURES
  • Table 18 NOTABLE DEVELOPMENTS IN SORTING ELECTRONIC GRADE CNTS
  • Table 18 (CONTINUED)
    • CNT GROWTH AND DEVICE FABRICATION
  • Table 19 EXEMPLARY PATENTS RELATING TO SELF-ASSEMBLY AND ORGANIZATION OF CNTS
  • Table 20 SCALABLE DEVICE INTEGRATION OF CNTS
    • OTHER FORM FACTORS
  • Table 21 EXEMPLARY PATENTS RELATING TO THE USE OF CNTS AS NANOTEMPLATES
    • DOUBLE-WALLED CNTS AND BUCKYPAPER
    • FEW-WALLED CNTS
    • SWNT-BASED PEAPODS OR NANO TEST TUBES
    • MWNT-BASED MICROCAPSULES
    • DRY SPINNING OF CNT FIBERS AND SHEET FORMING YARNS
    • WET SPINNING OF SWNTS
    • CONTINUOUSLY GROWN SWNT FIBERS
    • CNT REINFORCED POLYMER FIBERS
      • CNT Reinforced ... (Continued)
• PATENT ANALYSIS
  • RATIONALE AND METHODOLOGY
  • U.S. PATENTS ISSUED
    • CHRONOLOGICAL GROWTH TRENDS IN PATENT ACTIVITY
  • Figure 3 NUMBER OF U.S. CNT PATENTS ISSUED 1994 TO 2006 (CUMULATIVE TOTAL, 1865)*
    • PATENT ACTIVITY CLASSIFIED BY INDUSTRIAL APPLICATION SECTOR
  • Figure 4 BREAKDOWN OF THE MAIN INDUSTRY/APPLICATION SECTORS EMERGING FROM U.S. CNT PATENTS ISSUED, 1994-2004 (%)
  • Table 22 INDUSTRIAL SECTORS AND EXEMPLARY APPLICATIONS EMERGING FROM ISSUED U.S. CNT PATENTS (1994-2006)
  • Figure 5 U.S. CNT PATENTS ISSUED CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO INDUSTRIAL/APPLICATIONS SECTORS, 1994 TO 2002
  • Figure 6 U.S. CNT PATENTS ISSUED IN 2003 AND 2004 CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO INDUSTRIAL/APPLICATION SECTOR
  • Figure 6 (CONTINUED)
    • Comparison of U.S. Patent Activity with Asian, European, and Other Countries
  • Figure 7 U.S. VERSUS ASIAN CNT PATENTS ISSUED CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO INDUSTRIAL/APPLICATIONS SECTOR, 1994 TO 2004
  • Figure 8 U.S. CNT PATENTS ISSUED FOR EUROPEAN AND OTHER COUNTRIES CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO INDUSTRIAL SECTOR, 1994-2004
    • Domestic Patent Activity
  • Figure 9 U.S. CNT PATENTS ISSUED TO LEADING U.S. STATES, 1994-2004
    • Small Businesses
  • Table 23 SMALL U.S. BUSINESSES AWARDED MULTIPLE U.S. CNT PATENTS AND PATENT APPLICATIONS, 1994-OCT 24, 2006
  • Table 23 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 24 U.S. SMALL BUSINESSES AWARDED U.S. CNT PATENTS IN THE BIOMED SECTOR, 1994-2004
  • Table 25 U.S. SMALL BUSINESSES AWARDED U.S. CNT PATENTS IN THE COMPOSITES SECTO, 1994-2004
  • Table 26 U.S. SMALL BUSINESSES AWARDED U.S. CNT PATENTS IN THE ENERGY SECTOR, 1994-2004
  • Table 27 U.S. SMALL BUSINESSES AWARDED U.S. CNT PATENTS IN THE SYNTHESIS SECT, 1994-2004
  • Table 28 U.S. SMALL BUSINESSES AWARDED U.S. CNT PATENTS IN OTHER SECTORS, 1994-2004
  • Table 28 (CONTINUED)
    • Large Businesses
  • Table 29 U.S. CNT PATENT LEADERS AMONG LARGE U.S. BUSINESSES*
  • Table 30 OTHER LARGE U.S. BUSINESSES AWARDED U.S. CNT PATENTS*
    • Academic Institutions
  • Table 31 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LEADERS AMONG U.S. ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS AWARDED U.S. CNT PATENTS, 1994-2006*
    • Government and Other Not-for-Profit Institutions
  • Table 32 U.S. CNT PATENTS: U.S. GOVERNMENT AND OTHER INSTITUTIONS, 1994-2006*
    • U.S. Patent Activity According to Foreign Ownership
      • Leading Japanese Companies
      • Leading Korean and Taiwanese Organization
  • Table 33 U.S. CNT PATENTS: LEADING JAPANESE CORPORATION, 1994-2006*
  • Table 34 U.S. CNT PATENTS: LEADING KOREAN AND TAIWANESE ORGANIZATIONS, 1994- 2006*
    • Leading Organizations in European and Other Countries
  • Table 35 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LEADERS AMONG EUROPEAN AND OTHER FOREIGN COUNTRIES AWARDED U.S. CNT PATENTS, 1994-2006*
    • U.S. PATENTS PENDING
  • Figure 10 GROWTH IN U.S. CNT PATENTS PENDING, 2001-2006*, VERSUS PATENTS ISSUED 2006*
    • CHALLENGES IN PATENTING NANOTECHNOLOGY
      • PATENT BACKLOG
      • WHO OWNS WHAT?
        • Who Owns What? (Continued)
        • Who Owns What? (Continued)
• INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND COMPETITIVE ANALYSIS
  • OVERVIEW
  • INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
  • NANOTUBE PRODUCERS
  • Table 36 INFLUENTIAL PLAYERS INVOLVED IN LARGE SCALE CNT PRODUCTION AND MARKET EXPLOITATION
  • Table 36 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 37 INFLUENTIAL PLAYERS INVOLVED IN SMALL SCALE CNT PRODUCTION AND MARKET EXPLOITATION
    • MARKET SEGMENTATION
  • Table 38 MARKET SEGMENTATION OF CNT INDUSTRY
    • COMPANY PROFILES: CNT PRODUCERS
      • Arkema (France)
      • Bayer Material Science AG (Leverkusen, Germany)
      • Carbon Nanotechnologies Incorporated (Houston, TX)
  • Table 39 MAJOR MILESTONES IMPACTING CARBON NANOTECHNOLOGIES INC. COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT
  • Table 39 (CONTINUED)
    • Catalytic Materials, LLC (Holliston, MA)
    • Fullerene International Corporation (Japan)
    • Hyperion Catalysis International (Cambridge, MA)
    • Iljin Nanotech Co., Ltd. (Korea)
    • Liftport Nanotechnology (Millville, NJ)
    • Luna Innovations, Incorporated (Blacksburg, VA)
    • MER Corporation (Tuscon, AZ)
    • Nanocyl S.A. (Sambreville, Belgium)
    • Nanoledge S.A. (Montpellier, France)
    • Nanothinx S.A. (Rio-Patras, Greece)
    • Raymor Industries, Inc. (Boisbriand, QC, Canada)
    • Shenzhen Nanotech Port Co., Ltd. (China)
    • Showa Denko KK (Japan)
    • SouthWest NanoTechnologies, Inc. (Norman, TX)
    • Tailored Materials Corporation, Inc. (Tuscon, AZ)
    • Thomas Swan & Company, Ltd. (U.K.)
    • Xintek, Inc. (Research Triangle Park, NC)
  • COMPANY PROFILES: ADDITIVES, COATINGS, INK, AND ANCILLARY PRODUCTS
    • Eikos, Inc. (Franklin, MA)
    • First Nano, Inc. (Ronkonkoma, NY)
    • Nanomix, Inc. (Emeryville, CA)
    • Nanopolaris, Inc. (Pasadena, CA)
    • Nano-Proprietary, Inc. (Austin, TX)
    • Q-Flo Limited (Cambridge, U.K.)
    • Xidex Corporation (Austin, TX)
    • Zyvex Corporation (Richardson, TX)
    • Zyvex Corporation ... (Continued)
      • COMPANY PROFILES: LARGE U.S. CORPORATIONS
  • Table 40 LARGE U.S. CORPORATIONS LEADING IN CNT PATENT ACTIVITY*
    • DuPont Company
    • General Electric Company
    • Hewlett Packard Company
    • Intel Corporation
    • International Business Machines Corporation (IBM)
    • Motorola Incorporated
  • COMPANY PROFILES: LARGE FOREIGN CORPORATIONS
    • CHALLENGES AND ISSUES FACING THE CNT INDUSTRY
      • INDUSTRY DRIVING FORCES
  • Table 41 EXEMPLARY COMPANIES LEADING THE CNT INDUSTRY EVOLUTION
    • NANOTUBE CONSUMERS AND THE EVOLVING GRADE STRUCTURE
  • Table 42 DIVERSITY IN CNT CONSUMER MARKET PRODUCTS
    • COST/PERFORMANCE BALANCE
    • COMPETITION
  • Table 43 COMPETITIVE MATERIAL ALTERNATIVES TO CNTS FOR CERTAIN APPLICATIONS
    • TOXICITY
  • Table 44 PROGRESS IN IDENTIFYING AND RESOLVING CNT TOXICOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR
    • ENVIRONMENTAL SAFETY
    • NANOTECHNOLOGY RISKS AND REGULATORY CONTROL
      • European Commission
      • U.S. Led Nanotechnology Regulatory Control Initiatives
        • Center for Biological and Environmental Nanotechnology at Rice University
        • City of Berkeley CA, Nanomaterials Ordinance
        • Nanoethics and Social Advocacy Groups
      • Woodrow Wilson International Center for Scholars
      • Asian Initiatives
      • International Organization for Standardization (ISO)
      • International ...(Continued)
• MARKETS BY APPLICATION
  • COMPOSITES
  • Table 45 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CARBON NANOTUBES COMPARED WITH OTHER FIBERS
  • Table 46 CNT COMPOSITES: RANGE OF POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS
  • Table 47 CNT COMPOSITES: PROPERTIES ENDOWED
  • Table 48 MECHANICAL PROPERTY ENHANCEMENTS IN VARIOUS CNT COMPOSITES
    • CEMENT MATRIX
    • ERAMIC MATRIX
  • Table 49 ENHANCEMENTS CLAIMED IN VARIOUS CNT CERAMIC SYSTEMS
  • Table 49 (CONTINUED)
    • Eramic Matrix (Continued)
  • DIAMOND COMPOSITES
  • GLASS MATRIX
  • METAL MATRIX
  • Table 50 SOME EXAMPLES OF CNT-METAL COMPOSITES
    • POLYMER MATRIX
  • Table 51 SOME EXAMPLES OF CNT-POLYMER COMPOSITES
  • Table 52 VARIOUS PROCESSING STRATEGIES USED TO MANUFACTURE POLYMER-CNT COMPOSITES
  • Table 52 (CONTINUED)
    • Electrical Conductivity Properties of Polymer-CNT Composites
    • Mechanical Properties of Polymer-CNT Composites
  • Table 53 ULTIMATE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CNT FIBERS AND EXAMPLES OF THEIR ENHANCEMENT IN VARIOUS POLYMER COMPOSITE SYSTEMS
  • Table 54 KEY PROPERTIES CONTROLLING ULTIMATE REINFORCING AND CONDUCTIVITY POTENTIAL OF SWNTS IN A POLYMER MATRIX
    • Thermal Conductivity Properties of Polymer-CNT Composites
    • Commercial Product Applications of Polymer-CNT Composites
  • Table 55 POLYMER COMPOSITE CNT PRODUCTS CURRENTLY MANUFACTURED OR UNDER COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT
  • Table 56 LEADING COMPANIES INVOLVED IN THE COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF CNT-POLYMER COMPOSITES
  • Table 57 U.S. CNT-POLYMER COMPOSITES PATENTS: LEADING COMPANIES*
  • Table 58 U.S. CNT PATENTS ISSUED IN THE COMPOSITES SECTOR TO OTHER COMPANIES, 1994-2004
    • Automotive Applications
  • Table 59 EXAMPLES OF READY-TO-MOLD HYPERION AUTOMOTIVE MWNT-RESIN COMPOUNDS
  • Table 60 COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE FOR HYPERION CONDUCTIVE AUTOMOTIVE MWNT-RESIN COMPOUNDS
  • Table 61 ADVANTAGES OF MWNTS COMPARED WITH CONVENTIONAL CONDUCTIVE FILLERS USED IN MOLDED AUTOMOTIVE PLASTICS
  • Table 62 CLASSIFICATION OF CONDUCTIVE MOLDED PLASTICS ACCORDING TO FILLER LOADING AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
  • Table 63 VARIOUS APPLICATIONS OF MWNTS IN ELECTROSTATICALLY DISSIPATIVE PLASTIC AUTO COMPONENTS
    • Aeronautical Applications
      • Aeronautical ... (Continued)
  • Table 64 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE AEROSPACE CARBON FIBER COMPOSITES INDUSTRY
    • Electronic Applications
  • Table 65 VARIOUS ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS OF MWNTS IN MOLDED PLASTIC ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
    • Flame Retardant Applications
    • Space Applications
  • Table 66 FUTURE SPACE APPLICATIONS FOR CNTS
    • Sporting Goods Applications
  • Table 67 SPORTING GOODS APPLICATIONS OF MWNT-PLASTIC COMPOSITES
    • Other Applications and Important Property Considerations
      • Adhesives
      • Biocatalytic Films
      • Biomedical Composites
      • Polymer Composite Coatings and Inks
  • Table 68 COMPARATIVE PROPERTY PERFORMANCE OF CONDUCTIVE TRANSPARENT COMPOSITE COATINGS
    • Polymer ...(Continued)
      • Sensor Networks for Ongoing Composite Structural Diagnostics
      • Surface Chemical Functionalization and Form Factor
  • ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS
    • ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
      • Emergence of Nanoelectronics
  • Table 69 KEY CNT PROPERTIES ATTRACTING FUTURE ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS
  • Table 70 U.S. CNT PATENTS IN THE ELECTRONICS SECTOR (LEADING U.S. ORGANIZATIONS), 1994-2006*
  • Table 71 U.S. CNT PATENTS IN THE ELECTRONICS SECTOR: LEADING EUROPEAN AND ASIAN ORGANIZATIONS, 1994-2006*
    • CNT Electronic Components Development
      • CNT Electronic ... (Continued)
      • Synthesis and Characterization of Electronic Grade SWNTs
      • Synthesis (Continued)
      • Electronic Device Integration and Self-Assembly
      • Nanoinstruments, Ltd. (Cambridge, U.K)
      • Competition-Silicon Nanowires
      • Connectivity and Large-Scale Integration
      • Thermal Management (Solid-Based)
      • California Institute of Technology
  • Table 72 ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN CNT ELECTRONIC THERMAL MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS
  • Table 72 (CONTINUED)
    • Fujitsu Limited (Japan)
    • Koila, Inc. (Sunnyvale, CA)
    • LG Electronics (Korea)
    • Molecular Nanosystems, Inc.(Palo Alto, CA)
    • Nanoconduction, Inc.(Sunnyvale, CA)/NASA Ames Research Center
    • National Renewable Energy Laboratory (Golden, CO)
    • Nextreme Thermal Solutions (Research Triangle Park, NC)
    • Purdue University
    • Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
    • University of California, Berkeley
    • University of Colorado
  • Thermal Management (Liquid-Based)
    • Cooligy, .(Mountain View, CA)
    • Seoul National University, Korea
    • University of Leeds/Institute of Particle Science and Engineering, U.K
  • Beyond the CMOSFET Paradigm
    • Current Industry FET Development
      • GE Global Research Center
      • IBM Optoelectronic Applications
      • Infineon Technologies, Germany
    • Development of Other CNT Nanoelectronic Components
  • FIELD EMISSION DISPLAYS AND RELATED DEVICES
    • What is Field Emission?
    • Why CNTs are Attractive Material Candidates?
  • Table 73 ADVANTAGES OF CNTS AS A COLD FIELD EMISSION CATHODE
    • Field Emission Applications
    • Field Emission Displays
      • Fabrication
      • How CNT-FEDs Compare with Other Display Technologies
  • Table 74 ADVANTAGES OF FIELD EMISSION DISPLAYS OVER LCDS
    • Major Factors Dictating CNT-FED Development
    • Leading Organizations Involved in FED Development
  • Table 75 MAJOR FACTORS DICTATING EMERGENCE OF CNT-BASED TECHNOLOGY IN FPD MARKETPLACE
  • Table 76 LEADING U.S. ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN CNT-FED PATENT ACTIVITY
  • Table 77 LEADING FOREIGN ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN CNT-FED PATENT ACTIVITY
  • Table 78 MAJOR PLAYERS AND ANCILLIARY GROUPS/COMPANIES INVOLVED IN CNT-FED DEVELOPMENT
  • Table 78 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 79 ORGANIZATIONS ACTIVELY INVOLVED IN CNT-FED PROTOTYPES
    • cDream Corporation (San Jose, CA)
    • Commissariat a L' Energie Atomique (CEA)/LETI (France)
    • CopyTele, Inc.(Melville, NY)
    • Futaba Corporation (Japan)
    • Japan, Inc.
    • Motorola Laboratories (Tempe, AZ)
  • Table 80 ADVANTAGES AND CHALLENGES OF MOTOROLA' S CNT-BASED FED COMPARED WITH EXISTENT FPD TECHNOLOGIES
    • Nano-Proprietary, Inc.(NNPP)/Applied Nanotech, Inc.(Austin, TX)
    • Synthesis ... (Continued)Printable Field Emitters, Ltd. (U.K.)
    • Samsung (Korea)
    • Taiwan, Inc.
  • OTHER FIELD EMISSION DEVICE APPLICATIONS
    • Light Bulbs and Light Sources
  • Table 81 EXAMPLES OF OTHER FIELD EMISSION DEVICE APPLICATIONS
  • Table 82 ADVANTAGES OF FE-CNT FLUORESCENT WHITE LIGHT SOURCE OVER CONVENTIONAL LAMPS
  • Table 83 RATIONALIZING CNT SYNTHESIS WITH END USE FE PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
    • Applications of CNT-Based Field Emission Light Sources
      • Advance Nanotech, Inc./ University of Bristol
  • Table 84 ORGANIZATIONS WITH U.S. PATENT ACTIVITY RELATING TO CNT-BASED FIELD EMISSION LIGHT SOURCES
    • Ahwahnee Technology (San Jose, CA)
    • Delta Optoelectronics, Inc.(Taiwan)
    • Dialight Japan Company Limited
    • Ecole Polytechnique Fédéral de Lausanne/NanoLight Int' l, Ltd. (Switzerland)
    • Electrovac AG (Austria)
    • Foxconn/Hon Hai Precision Industry Co., Ltd. (Taiwan)
    • IBM/Thomas J. Watson Research Center
    • Iljin Nanotech
    • Ise Electronics Corporation-Ise (Japan)
    • Korea Advanced Institute of Science and Technology (KAIST)
    • Nanoexa (Burlingame, CA)
    • Nano-Proprietary, Inc. (NNPP)
    • Samsung Electronics Co., Ltd. (Korea)
    • University of Surrey/Advanced Technology Institute-ATI (U.K.)
  • FLEXIBLE DISPLAYS AND ELECTRONICS
    • Advance Nanotech, Inc. (New York, NY)/Cambridge University, (U.K.)
  • Table 85 LEADING ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN THE APPLICATION OF CNTS IN FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS AND DISPLAYS
    • Arrowhead Research (Pasadena, CA)
    • DuPont Electronic Technologies (Hayward, CA)
    • Eikos, Inc. (Franklin, MA
    • Rennselaer Polytechnic Institute
    • Unidym, Inc. (Menlo Park, CA)
    • University of Illinois/Semprius, Inc. (Durham, NC)
  • MEMORY APPLICATIONS
  • Table 86 ATTRACTIVE PROPERTIES OF CNTS FOR MEMORY APPLICATIONS
    • Memory Applications (Continued)
  • Table 87 LEADING PLAYERS IN CNT-MEMORY INITIATIVES BASED ON U.S. PATENTS
    • Nantero, Inc. (Woburn, MA)
      • Nantero, Inc. ... (Continued)
  • ENERGY STORAGE
    • BATTERIES
    • Lead-Acid Batteries
    • Lithium-Ion Batteries
    • Lithium Polymer Batteries
  • FUEL CELLS
    • Hydrogen Fuel Cells
  • Table 88 CNTS ENDEARING PROPERTIES USED FOR FUEL CELL APPLICATIONS
  • Table 89 KEY PROPERTIES AFFECTING FUEL CELL PERFORMANCE
    • Direct Methanol Fuel Cell
    • Substitution of CNTs in Membrane Electrode Assembly Materials
      • CNTs Used in Hydrogen and Direct Methanol Fuel Cells (DMFCs)
  • Table 90 LEADING ORGANIZATIONS PATENTING CNT FUEL CELL ENHANCEMENTS
  • Table 90 (CONTINUED)
    • Optimizing Catalyst Loading and Retention
    • Critical Fuel Cell Components
      • Gas Diffusion Layers
      • Surface Wettability
    • Commercial Applications and Development of Fuel Cells
      • Intematix Corporation
      • Motorola, Inc.
  • HYDROGEN STORAGE
    • Carbon Nanostructures
    • Underlying System Properties.
      • Underlying System .... (Continued)
    • Commercial Development
      • Sony Corporation
  • Table 91 U.S. CNT PATENT ACTIVITY LEADERS*: HYDROGEN STORAGE
    • Nanomix Incorporated
    • Motorola, Inc.
  • CAPACITORS
    • Basic Characteristics
  • Table 92 PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES
  • Table 93 ADVANTAGES OF SUPERCAPACITOR ELECTRICAL STORAGE DEVICES COMPARED WITH BATTERIES
  • Table 94 COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF BATTERIES VERSUS CAPACITORS
    • Electrical Double Layer Capacitor
      • Electrical ... (Continued)
    • Research Activities in CNT-Based EDLCs
      • GIT Textile and Fiber Engineering
      • MIT Laboratory for Electromagnetic and Electronic Systems (LEES)
      • NASA Johnson Space Center
      • National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, AIST (Japan)
      • University of California, Davis
      • University of Cambridge, Department of Engineering (U.K.)
      • University of Texas at Dallas/NanoTech Institute
  • SOLAR/PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS
    • Basic Characteristics
    • Academic Research
    • Commercial Development
  • Table 95 RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN CNT-BASED SOLAR CELLS
  • Table 96 CNT U.S. PATENT ACTIVITY IN SOLAR CELL APPLICATIONS
    • Ambit Corporation (Ashland, MA)
    • Arrowhead Research Corporation/Nanopolaris (Pasadena, CA)
    • BP Solar North America (Frederick, MA)
    • DuPont (Wilmington, DE)
    • Dow Corning Corporation (Midland, MI)
    • Eikos, Inc. (Franklin, MA)
    • First Solar, LLC (Phoenix, AZ)
    • Heliovolt Corporation (Austin, TX)
    • Innovalight, Inc. (Manhasset, NY)
    • Konarka Technologies (Lowell, MA)
    • Miasolé(San Jose, CA)
    • Nanosolar, Inc. (Palo Alto, CA)
    • Wakonda Technologies, Inc./RIT
  • THERMIONIC POWER AND RECTIFIER DEVICES
    • Thermionic Power
    • Thermal Rectifiers
  • MEMBRANES
  • Table 97 ATTRACTIVE PROPERTIES OF CNTS AS SEPARATION MEMBRANES
    • DEVELOPMENTS AND APPLICATIONS
      • Bisource, Inc.
  • Table 98 RESEARCH AND COMMERCIAL PROTOTYPE DEVELOPMENTS OF VARIOUS CNT-BASED MEMBRANE SEPARATION TECHNOLOGIES
    • Clemson University
    • Covalent Industrial Technologies, LLC
    • Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory (LLNL)
    • Philip Morris USA Research Center
    • Proctor and Gamble Company
    • Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
    • Seldon Laboratories, LLC
    • University of Kentucky (U.K), Center for Applied Energy Research
  • SENSORS
    • TYPES OF SENSORS
  • Table 99 TYPES OF CNT SENSORS
    • Biosensors
  • Table 100 TYPES OF CNT BIOSENSOR SYSTEMS
    • Chemical Sensors
  • Table 101 KEY PROPERTIES OF CNTS EXPLOITED IN SENSOR APPLICATIONS
    • Physical Sensors and Actuators
  • COMMERCIAL PROTOTYPE DEVELOPMENTS
    • Applied Nanotech, Inc. (Austin, TX)
      • Enzyme-Coated CNT Biosensor
      • Gated Metal Oxide Sensor
      • Palladium Nanoparticle Hydrogen Sensor
    • Photoacoustic Sensor (PAS)
    • Carbon Nanoprobes, Inc. (White Plains, NY)
    • Honeywell International, Inc. (Morristown, NJ)
    • Motorola Laboratories (Tempe, AZ)
    • Nanomix , Inc.(Emeryville, CA)
    • Nanosensors , Inc.(Santa Clara, CA)
    • Pacific Northwest National Laboratory (PNNL), Richland, WA
  • OTHER APPLICATIONS
    • BIOMEDICAL DEVELOPMENTS
  • Table 102 POTENTIAL USES OF CNTS IN THE BIOMEDICAL AREA
  • Table 103 RECENT RESEARCH DEVELOPMENTS IN CNT BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
    • CNTS AS CATALYST SUPPORTS
      • Industrial Chemical Process Synthesis
  • Table 104 U.S. PATENT ACTIVITY IN CNT CATALYST SUPPORTS*
    • Photocatalytic Support Systems
  • Table 105 APPLICATIONS OF CNTS IN PHOTOCATALYTIC SYSTEMS
• MARKET ANALYSIS
  • CNT COMMERCIAL PRODUCTION
  • Figure 11 GLOBAL MARKET CNT PRODUCT COMMERCIALIZATION ROADMAP AND PROJECTED REVENUE GROWTH, 2006-2011
    • MARKET PROSPECTS FOR CNTS IN COMPOSITE MATERIALS
      • AERONAUTICAL APPLICATIONS
      • AUTOMOTIVE APPLICATIONS
      • FLAME RETARDANT APPLICATIONS
      • SPORTS EQUIPMENT APPLICATIONS
      • OTHER COMPETITIVE FACTORS AND DEVELOPMENTS
      • MARKET PREDICTION FOR CNTS IN COMPOSITE APPLICATIONS
  • Table 106 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR CNT-BASED COMPOSITE PRODUCT REVENUES, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
    • MARKET PROSPECTS FOR CNTS IN ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS
      • ELECTRONIC/ NANOELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
      • FIELD EMISSION DISPLAYS AND RELATED DEVICES
        • Field Emission Displays (FEDs)
          • Market Challenges: Competitive Technologies and Manufacturing Cost
  • Table 107 PROS AND CONS FOR CNT FIELD EMISSION DISPLAY MARKET
    • Commercial Champions-Who' s Leading the Chase and When?
    • Market Prediction for CNTs in Field Emission Display Technology
  • Table 108 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR CNT-BASED PRODUCTS IN FIELD EMISSION DISPLAY, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
    • Light Bulbs and Light Sources
  • Table 109 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR CNT-BASED PRODUCTS IN DISPLAY BACKLIGHT MARKET, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLION)
    • FLEXIBLE DISPLAYS AND ELECTRONICS
  • Table 110 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR CNT-BASED PRODUCTS IN FLEXIBLE DISPLAYS AND ELECTRONICS, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLION)
    • MEMORY APPLICATIONS
      • Memory Applications (Continued)
  • Table 111 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR CNT-MEMORY BASED PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLION)
    • SENSORS
  • Table 112 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR CNT-BASED SENSOR PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLION)
    • MARKET PROSPECTS FOR CNTS IN ENERGY APPLICATIONS
      • BATTERIES
        • Market Prognosis
  • Table 113 LEADING PLAYERS IN CNT-BASED BATTERY TECHNOLOGY ACCORDING TO U.S. PATENT ACTIVITY
  • Table 113 (CONTINUED)
    • Technical Challenges and Competitive Factors
    • Market Prediction for CNTs in Battery Technology
  • Table 114 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR CNT-BASED PRODUCTS IN BATTERY AND FUEL CELL, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLION)
    • CAPACITORS
      • Market Prognosis of Commercial Development in CNT-Based Supercapacitors
      • CNT Capacitor Patent Activity
        • GSI Creos Corporation, Asahi Glass, and TDK (Japan)
  • Table 115 U.S. PATENT ACTIVITY IN CNT-BASED EDL CAPACITORS AND APPLICATIONS
    • Hyperion Catalysis International
    • Iljin Nanotech (Korea)
      • Market Prediction for CNTs in Capacitor Technology
  • Table 116 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR CAPACITORREVENUES FOR CNT-BASED PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLION)
    • FUEL CELLS
      • Commercial Development
      • Carbon Nanotechnologies, Inc. (CNI), Johnson Matthey, and Motorola Labs
      • Japan, Inc.
      • MTI MicroFuel Cells, Inc. (Albany, NY)
      • Neah Power Systems, Inc. (Bothel, WA)
      • Pacific Fuel Cell Corporation (Riverside, CA)
      • UltraCell Corporation (Livermore, CA)
    • Market Prediction for CNTs in Micro Fuel Cell Technology
  • Table 117 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR MICRO FUEL CELL REVENUES FOR CNT-BASED PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLION)
    • HYDROGEN STORAGE
    • SOLAR/ PHOTOVOLTAIC CELLS
    • THERMIONIC POWER AND RECTIFIER DEVICES
  • MARKET PROSPECTS FOR CNTS IN OTHER APPLICATIONS
    • CATALYST SUPPORTS
  • Table 118 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR CNT-BASED CATALYST SUPPORTS, THROUGH 2011($ MILLION)
• LIST OF TABLES
  • Summary Table:
  • GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR CARBON NANOTUBES IN PROMISING COMMERCIAL SECTORS, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 1 CHRONOLOGY OF SOME CNT LANDMARK DEVELOPMENTS
  • Table 2 SOME COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES OF CARBON ALLOTROPES
  • Table 3 SOME CHARACTERISTIC PROPERTIES OF CARBON NANOTUBES
  • Table 4 COMPARATIVE PROPERTIES OF DIFFERENT CARBON NANOTUBES AND CARBON FIBERS
  • Table 5 DIVERSE RANGE OF INDUSTRIAL APPLICATIONS FOR CNTS
  • Table 6 SOME EXAMPLES OF OPTIMUM FORMS OF CNTS REQUIRED FOR DIFFERENT APPLICATIONS
  • Table 7 PROPERTIES AND APPLICATIONS OF SOME INORGANIC NANOTUBES
  • Table 8 COMPARISON OF THE MOST COMMON TYPES OF CNT BATCH PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES
  • Table 9 SYNTHETIC PROCESS FACTORS AFFECTING CNT GROWTH
  • Table 10 COMPARATIVE ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF CNT PROCESSES
  • Table 11 COMPARISON OF SEVERAL SWNT CONTINUOUS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES
  • Table 12 COMMON CNT CHEMICAL PURIFICATION PROCESSES, OUTCOMES AND DISADVANTAGES
  • Table 13 HISTORICAL DEVELOPMENT IN SEPARATION, PURIFICATION, CAPPING AND UNCAPPING OF CNTS BASED ON U.S. PATENTS
  • Table 14 LEADING U.S. RESEARCH ORGANIZATIONS SPEARHEADING CNT SYNTHESIS AND APPLICATIONS DEVELOPMENT
  • Table 15 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN CHEMICAL FUNCTIONALIZATION OF CNTS AND POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS
  • Table 16 EXEMPLARY U.S. PATENTS RELATING TO CNT CHEMICAL FUNCTIONALIZATION
  • Table 17 ORGANIZATIONS OFFERING SURFACE FUNCTIONALIZED CNT DISPERSIONS AND THEIR APPLICATIONS
  • Table 18 NOTABLE DEVELOPMENTS IN SORTING ELECTRONIC GRADE CNTS
  • Table 19 EXEMPLARY PATENTS RELATING TO SELF-ASSEMBLY AND ORGANIZATION OF CNTS
  • Table 20 SCALABLE DEVICE INTEGRATION OF CNTS
  • Table 21 EXEMPLARY PATENTS RELATING TO THE USE OF CNTS AS NANOTEMPLATES
  • Table 22 INDUSTRIAL SECTORS AND EXEMPLARY APPLICATIONS EMERGING FROM ISSUED U.S. CNT PATENTS (1994-2006)
  • Table 23 SMALL U.S. BUSINESSES AWARDED MULTIPLE U.S. CNT PATENTS AND PATENT APPLICATIONS, 1994-OCT 24, 2006
  • Table 24 U.S. SMALL BUSINESSES AWARDED U.S. CNT PATENTS IN THE BIOMED SECTOR, 1994-2004
  • Table 25 U.S. SMALL BUSINESSES AWARDED U.S. CNT PATENTS IN THE COMPOSITES SECTO, 1994-2004
  • Table 26 U.S. SMALL BUSINESSES AWARDED U.S. CNT PATENTS IN THE ENERGY SECTOR, 1994-2004
  • Table 27 U.S. SMALL BUSINESSES AWARDED U.S. CNT PATENTS IN THE SYNTHESIS SECT, 1994-2004
  • Table 28 U.S. SMALL BUSINESSES AWARDED U.S. CNT PATENTS IN OTHER SECTORS, 1994-2004
  • Table 29 U.S. CNT PATENT LEADERS AMONG LARGE U.S. BUSINESSES*
  • Table 30 OTHER LARGE U.S. BUSINESSES AWARDED U.S. CNT PATENTS*
  • Table 31 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LEADERS AMONG U.S. ACADEMIC INSTITUTIONS AWARDED U.S. CNT PATENTS, 1994-2006*
  • Table 32 U.S. CNT PATENTS: U.S. GOVERNMENT AND OTHER INSTITUTIONS, 1994-2006*
  • Table 33 U.S. CNT PATENTS: LEADING JAPANESE CORPORATION, 1994-2006*
  • Table 34 U.S. CNT PATENTS: LEADING KOREAN AND TAIWANESE ORGANIZATIONS, 1994- 2006*
  • Table 35 INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY LEADERS AMONG EUROPEAN AND OTHER FOREIGN COUNTRIES AWARDED U.S. CNT PATENTS, 1994-2006*
  • Table 36 INFLUENTIAL PLAYERS INVOLVED IN LARGE SCALE CNT PRODUCTION AND MARKET EXPLOITATION
  • Table 37 INFLUENTIAL PLAYERS INVOLVED IN SMALL SCALE CNT PRODUCTION AND MARKET EXPLOITATION
  • Table 38 MARKET SEGMENTATION OF CNT INDUSTRY
  • Table 39 MAJOR MILESTONES IMPACTING CARBON NANOTECHNOLOGIES INC. COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT
  • Table 40 LARGE U.S. CORPORATIONS LEADING IN CNT PATENT ACTIVITY*
  • Table 41 EXEMPLARY COMPANIES LEADING THE CNT INDUSTRY EVOLUTION
  • Table 42 DIVERSITY IN CNT CONSUMER MARKET PRODUCTS
  • Table 43 COMPETITIVE MATERIAL ALTERNATIVES TO CNTS FOR CERTAIN APPLICATIONS
  • Table 44 PROGRESS IN IDENTIFYING AND RESOLVING CNT TOXICOLOGICAL BEHAVIOR
  • Table 45 MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CARBON NANOTUBES COMPARED WITH OTHER FIBERS
  • Table 46 CNT COMPOSITES: RANGE OF POSSIBLE APPLICATIONS
  • Table 47 CNT COMPOSITES: PROPERTIES ENDOWED
  • Table 48 MECHANICAL PROPERTY ENHANCEMENTS IN VARIOUS CNT COMPOSITES
  • Table 49 ENHANCEMENTS CLAIMED IN VARIOUS CNT CERAMIC SYSTEMS
  • Table 50 SOME EXAMPLES OF CNT-METAL COMPOSITES
  • Table 51 SOME EXAMPLES OF CNT-POLYMER COMPOSITES
  • Table 52 VARIOUS PROCESSING STRATEGIES USED TO MANUFACTURE POLYMER-CNT COMPOSITES
  • Table 53 ULTIMATE MECHANICAL PROPERTIES OF CNT FIBERS AND EXAMPLES OF THEIR ENHANCEMENT IN VARIOUS POLYMER COMPOSITE SYSTEMS
  • Table 54 KEY PROPERTIES CONTROLLING ULTIMATE REINFORCING AND CONDUCTIVITY POTENTIAL OF SWNTS IN A POLYMER MATRIX
  • Table 55 POLYMER COMPOSITE CNT PRODUCTS CURRENTLY MANUFACTURED OR UNDER COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT
  • Table 56 LEADING COMPANIES INVOLVED IN THE COMMERCIAL DEVELOPMENT OF CNT-POLYMER COMPOSITES
  • Table 57 U.S. CNT-POLYMER COMPOSITES PATENTS: LEADING COMPANIES*
  • Table 58 U.S. CNT PATENTS ISSUED IN THE COMPOSITES SECTOR TO OTHER COMPANIES,1994-2004
  • Table 59 EXAMPLES OF READY-TO-MOLD HYPERION AUTOMOTIVE MWNT-RESIN COMPOUNDS
  • Table 60 COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE FOR HYPERION CONDUCTIVE AUTOMOTIVE MWNT-RESIN COMPOUNDS
  • Table 61 ADVANTAGES OF MWNTS COMPARED WITH CONVENTIONAL CONDUCTIVE FILLERS USED IN MOLDED AUTOMOTIVE PLASTICS
  • Table 62 CLASSIFICATION OF CONDUCTIVE MOLDED PLASTICS ACCORDING TO FILLER LOADING AND ELECTRICAL PROPERTIES
  • Table 63 VARIOUS APPLICATIONS OF MWNTS IN ELECTROSTATICALLY DISSIPATIVE PLASTIC AUTO COMPONENTS
  • Table 64 RECENT DEVELOPMENTS IN THE AEROSPACE CARBON FIBER COMPOSITES INDUSTRY
  • Table 65 VARIOUS ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS OF MWNTS IN MOLDED PLASTIC ELECTRONIC COMPONENTS
  • Table 66 FUTURE SPACE APPLICATIONS FOR CNTS
  • Table 67 SPORTING GOODS APPLICATIONS OF MWNT-PLASTIC COMPOSITES
  • Table 68 COMPARATIVE PROPERTY PERFORMANCE OF CONDUCTIVE TRANSPARENT COMPOSITE COATINGS
  • Table 69 KEY CNT PROPERTIES ATTRACTING FUTURE ELECTRONIC APPLICATIONS
  • Table 70 U.S. CNT PATENTS IN THE ELECTRONICS SECTOR (LEADING U.S. ORGANIZATIONS), 1994-2006*
  • Table 71 U.S. CNT PATENTS IN THE ELECTRONICS SECTOR: LEADING EUROPEAN AND ASIAN ORGANIZATIONS, 1994-2006*
  • Table 72 ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN CNT ELECTRONIC THERMAL MANAGEMENT APPLICATIONS
  • Table 73 ADVANTAGES OF CNTS AS A COLD FIELD EMISSION CATHODE
  • Table 74 ADVANTAGES OF FIELD EMISSION DISPLAYS OVER LCDS
  • Table 75 MAJOR FACTORS DICTATING EMERGENCE OF CNT-BASED TECHNOLOGY IN FPD MARKETPLACE
  • Table 76 LEADING U.S. ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN CNT-FED PATENT ACTIVITY
  • Table 77 LEADING FOREIGN ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN CNT-FED PATENT ACTIVITY
  • Table 78 MAJOR PLAYERS AND ANCILLIARY GROUPS/COMPANIES INVOLVED IN CNT-FED DEVELOPMENT
  • Table 79 ORGANIZATIONS ACTIVELY INVOLVED IN CNT-FED PROTOTYPES
  • Table 80 ADVANTAGES AND CHALLENGES OF MOTOROLA' S CNT-BASED FED COMPARED WITH EXISTENT FPD TECHNOLOGIES
  • Table 81 EXAMPLES OF OTHER FIELD EMISSION DEVICE APPLICATIONS
  • Table 82 ADVANTAGES OF FE-CNT FLUORESCENT WHITE LIGHT SOURCE OVER CONVENTIONAL LAMPS
  • Table 83 RATIONALIZING CNT SYNTHESIS WITH END USE FE PERFORMANCE REQUIREMENTS
  • Table 84 ORGANIZATIONS WITH U.S. PATENT ACTIVITY RELATING TO CNT-BASED FIELD EMISSION LIGHT SOURCES
  • Table 85 LEADING ORGANIZATIONS INVOLVED IN THE APPLICATION OF CNTS IN FLEXIBLE ELECTRONICS AND DISPLAYS
  • Table 86 ATTRACTIVE PROPERTIES OF CNTS FOR MEMORY APPLICATIONS
  • Table 87 LEADING PLAYERS IN CNT-MEMORY INITIATIVES BASED ON U.S. PATENTS
  • Table 88 CNTS ENDEARING PROPERTIES USED FOR FUEL CELL APPLICATIONS
  • Table 89 KEY PROPERTIES AFFECTING FUEL CELL PERFORMANCE
  • Table 90 LEADING ORGANIZATIONS PATENTING CNT FUEL CELL ENHANCEMENTS
  • Table 91 U.S. CNT PATENT ACTIVITY LEADERS*: HYDROGEN STORAGE
  • Table 92 PERFORMANCE COMPARISON OF ENERGY STORAGE DEVICES
  • Table 93 ADVANTAGES OF SUPERCAPACITOR ELECTRICAL STORAGE DEVICES COMPARED WITH BATTERIES
  • Table 94 COMPARATIVE PERFORMANCE OF BATTERIES VERSUS CAPACITORS
  • Table 95 RESEARCH ACTIVITIES IN CNT-BASED SOLAR CELLS
  • Table 96 CNT U.S. PATENT ACTIVITY IN SOLAR CELL APPLICATIONS
  • Table 97 ATTRACTIVE PROPERTIES OF CNTS AS SEPARATION MEMBRANES
  • Table 98 RESEARCH AND COMMERCIAL PROTOTYPE DEVELOPMENTS OF VARIOUS CNT-BASED MEMBRANE SEPARATION TECHNOLOGIES
  • Table 99 TYPES OF CNT SENSORS
  • Table 100 TYPES OF CNT BIOSENSOR SYSTEMS
  • Table 101 KEY PROPERTIES OF CNTS EXPLOITED IN SENSOR APPLICATIONS
  • Table 102 POTENTIAL USES OF CNTS IN THE BIOMEDICAL AREA
  • Table 103 RECENT RESEARCH DEVELOPMENTS IN CNT BIOMEDICAL APPLICATIONS
  • Table 104 U.S. PATENT ACTIVITY IN CNT CATALYST SUPPORTS*
  • Table 105 APPLICATIONS OF CNTS IN PHOTOCATALYTIC SYSTEMS
  • Table 106 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR CNT-BASED COMPOSITE PRODUCT REVENUES, THROUGH 2011 $ MILLIONS)
  • Table 107 PROS AND CONS FOR CNT FIELD EMISSION DISPLAY MARKET
  • Table 108 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR CNT-BASED PRODUCTS IN FIELD EMISSION DISPLAY, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 109 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR CNT-BASED PRODUCTS IN DISPLAY BACKLIGHT MARKET, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLION)
  • Table 110 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR CNT-BASED PRODUCTS IN FLEXIBLE DISPLAYS AND ELECTRONICS, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLION)
  • Table 111 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR CNT-MEMORY BASED PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLION)
  • Table 112 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR CNT-BASED SENSOR PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLION)
  • Table 113 LEADING PLAYERS IN CNT-BASED BATTERY TECHNOLOGY ACCORDING TO U.S. PATENT ACTIVITY
  • Table 114 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR CNT-BASED PRODUCTS IN BATTERY AND FUEL CELL, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLION)
  • Table 115 U.S. PATENT ACTIVITY IN CNT-BASED EDL CAPACITORS AND APPLICATIONS
  • Table 116 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR CAPACITORREVENUES FOR CNT-BASED PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLION)
  • Table 117 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR MICRO FUEL CELL REVENUES FOR CNT-BASED PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLION)
  • Table 118 GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR CNT-BASED CATALYST SUPPORTS, THROUGH 2011 ($ MILLIONS)
• LIST OF FIGURES
  • Summary Figure:
  • GLOBAL MARKET FORECAST FOR CARBON NANOTUBES IN PROMISING COMMERCIAL SECTORS, 2006-2011
  • Figure 1 FORMATION OF SINGLE-WALL CARBON NANOTUBE STRUCTURE
  • Figure 2 CARBON NANOTUBE STRUCTURES
  • Figure 3 NUMBER OF U.S. CNT PATENTS ISSUED 1994 TO 2006 (CUMULATIVE TOTAL, 1865)*
  • Figure 4 BREAKDOWN OF THE MAIN INDUSTRY/APPLICATION SECTORS EMERGING FROM U.S. CNT PATENTS ISSUED, 1994-2004 (%)
  • Figure 5 U.S. CNT PATENTS ISSUED CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO INDUSTRIAL/APPLICATIONS SECTORS, 1994 TO 2002
  • Figure 6 U.S. CNT PATENTS ISSUED IN 2003 AND 2004 CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO INDUSTRIAL/APPLICATION SECTOR
  • Figure 7 U.S. VERSUS ASIAN CNT PATENTS ISSUED CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO INDUSTRIAL/APPLICATIONS SECTOR, 1994 TO 2004
  • Figure 8 U.S. CNT PATENTS ISSUED FOR EUROPEAN AND OTHER COUNTRIES CLASSIFIED ACCORDING TO INDUSTRIAL SECTOR, 1994-2004
  • Figure 9 U.S. CNT PATENTS ISSUED TO LEADING U.S. STATES, 1994-2004
  • Figure 10 GROWTH IN U.S. CNT PATENTS PENDING, 2001-2006*, VERSUS PATENTS ISSUED 2006*