世界のバイオ精製技術・製品市場

Abstract

While biofuels account for just 1% of world fuel consumption for transportation and the substitution of oil-based fuels is only 1.8% in the United States, in Brazil it reaches 20%. Latin America is one of the regions with the most potential to offer biofuels given its climatic advantages combined with low population density.

A large part of Brazil' s advantages derives from the climate and the availability of lands. The developed countries do not have enough land to cover demand for crops to make ethanol. With barely 1.5% of its land sown, Brazil could entirely replace gasoline with ethanol. The United States on the other hand, would have to convert half of its total corn production to ethanol in order to implement a mixture of 10% ethanol to gasoline. That would mean dedicating 15% of its agricultural land. To meet the 20% benchmark Bush set in his State of the Union address, the nation has to look South America.

Conventional resources, mainly fossil fuels are becoming limited because of the rapid increase in energy demand. This imbalance in energy demand and supply has placed immense pressure not only on consumer prices but also on the environment, prompting mankind to look for sustainable energy resources. Biomass is one such environmentally friendly renewable resource from which various useful chemicals and fuels can be produced. A system similar to a petroleum refinery is required to produce fuels and useful chemicals from biomass and is known as a biorefinery.

Biorefinery technology separates the plant biomass, so called lignocellulosic materials, into building blocks' phenols and sugars. Biorefinery technologies produce value-added products that might range from basic food ingredients to complex pharmaceuticals and from simple building materials to complex industrial composites. Products such as ethanol, biodiesel, glycerol, lipids, oils, citric acid, lactic acid, acetic acid, methanol, isopropopanol, vitamins, sugar and protein polymers, etc., could be produced for use as fuels in food, cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries.

The crucial biorefinery products include energy, special fibers, new adhesives, biodegradable plastics, degradable surfactants, biodetergents, specific polymers and enzymes, etc.Development with a target to fill particular niches. Recently almost 50% of all detergents in the United States of America contain enzymes and the market share in Europe and Japan for enzyme-based detergents is over 90%. The cost of enzymes has dropped by more than 75% in the last 10 years as a result.

This report:

• Provides a complete techno-economic and environmental analysis of industrial biorefineries which have been identified as the most promising route to the creation of a domestic biobased industry.
• Covers all biomass fractionation and conversion technologies.
• Includes forecasts to 2012 for biomass conversion processes and equipment to produce fuels, power, and chemicals from biomass.
• Covers feedstocks, chemical products, transportation fuels.
• Analyzes prospects for biorefineries built on different "platforms" such as the "sugar platform" based on fermentation of sugars extracted from biomass feedstocks versus the "syngas platform" based on thermochemical conversion processes.
• Includes patent analyses, competitive analysis, R&D update, market shares, and complete company profiles.

In this report, both historic and current data have been used in the demand analysis. The results of the calculations presented here are therefore based on three components: a historic analysis of the demand in the period 2003 to 2006, data for 2007 and forecasted demand for the period through 2012.

Table of Contents

• VOLUME I
• INTRODUCTION
  • STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES
  • REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY
  • CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY AND FOR WHOM
  • ANALYSTS CREDENTIALS
  • RELATED BCC RESEARCH STUDIES
  • DISCLAIMER
• SUMMARY
  • Summary Table:
  • BIOREFINERY MARKET PENETRATION, THROUGH 2012 ($BILLIONS)
  • Summary Figure:
  • BIOREFINERY MARKET PENETRATION, 2004-2012 ($BILLIONS)
• OVERVIEW
  • INTRODUCTION
  • Figure 1 OVERVIEW OF THE BIO-REFINERY VALUE CHAIN
  • Figure 2 OVERVIEW OF THE PETRO-REFINERY VALUE CHAIN
    • COMPARISON OF BIO-REFINERIES TO PETRO-REFINERIES
  • Table 1 COMPARISON OF BIO-REFINERIES TO PETRO-REFINERIES
    • RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN RESOURCES, FEEDSTOCKS AND INTERMEDIATES IN FOSSIL-BASED AND BIO-BASED REFINERIES
  • Figure 3 RELATIONSHIPS BETWEEN RESOURCES, FEEDSTOCKS AND INTERMEDIATES IN FOSSIL-BASED AND BIO-BASED REFINERIES
    • PETRO-REFINERY
  • Table 2 EFFECTIVE DATES FOR ON-HIGHWAY ULSD FUEL
    • Sulfur Content
    • Petro-Refinery Capacity
  • Table 3 GLOBAL PETROLEUM REFINING CAPACITY AND CRUDE PRICE, THROUGH 2012
    • BIOREFINERY
  • Table 4 BIOFUELS MARKET PENETRATION IN TRANSPORTATION FUELS, THROUGH 2012 ($BILLIONS)
    • IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL BIOREFINERIES ON THE GLOBAL ECONOMY
  • Table 5 DEPENDENCE ON FOREIGN OIL (%)
    • THE INTEGRATED BIOREFINERY
    • IMPACT OF INTEGRATED BIOREFINERY ON THE GLOBAL ECONOMY BY MAJOR ECONOMIC SECTOR
  • Figure 4 THE INTEGRATED BIOREFINERY
  • Table 6 IMPACT OF INTEGRATED BIOREFINERY ON THE GLOBAL ECONOMY BY MAJOR ECONOMIC SECTOR
    • DRIVING FORCES FOR THE BIOREFINERY INDUSTRY
  • Figure 5 IDEALIZED BIOMASS GROWTH AND MANUFACTURING INFRASTRUCTURE
    • GEOPOLITICAL, TECHNICAL, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DRIVERS FOR THE INDUSTRY
  • Table 7 GEOPOLITICAL, TECHNICAL, SOCIAL AND ECONOMIC DRIVERS FOR BIOREFINERY DEVELOPMENT
    • UNITED STATES MACROECONOMIC OVERVIEW
      • UNITED STATES AGRICULTURAL TRADE
        • Imports
        • Exports
  • Table 8 U.S. AGRICULTURAL TRADE, THROUGH 2012 ($ BILLION)
    • CROPS: SUPPLY, DEMAND, AND PRICE
      • Soybean
      • Corn
      • Wheat
      • Cotton
      • Rice
      • Sugar
      • Fruits, Vegetables, Nursery and Greenhouse Products
  • Table 9 CROPS ECONOMIC PRICE INDICATORS, THROUGH 2012
    • LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS: PRODUCTION, DEMAND AND PRICE
      • Hog
      • Broiler
      • Milk
  • Table 10 LIVESTOCK AND LIVESTOCK PRODUCTS ECONOMIC PRICE INDICATORS, THROUGH 2012
    • FARM INCOME AND GOVERNMENT PAYMENTS
      • Gross Cash Income
      • Government Payments
      • Cash Expenses
      • Net Cash Income
      • Cash Receipts
  • Table 11 FARM INCOME, THROUGH 2012 ($ BILLIONS)
    • COST OF PRODUCTION OF BIO-BASED PRODUCTS/MATERIALS
  • Table 12 MATERIALS INPUT TO THE UNITED STATES ECONOMY
    • TECHNOLOGICAL ADVANCES AND RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT ENVIRONMENT
  • Table 13 VALUE-ADDED PRODUCTS FROM BIOMASS
    • CROSSCUTTING IMPACTS OF BIOPROCESSING AND BIOCONVERSION R&D
  • Table 14 CROSSCUTTING IMPACTS OF BIOPROCESSING AND BIOCONVERSION R&D
    • OVERVIEW OF GLOBAL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT SPENDING
  • Table 15 GLOBAL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT SPENDING BY REGION/COUNTRY, THROUGH 2012 ($ PPP BILLIONS)
    • HIGHEST AND LOWEST RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT EXPENDITURE
      • United States
      • European Union
      • Rest-of the-World
  • Table 16 HIGHEST AND LOWEST R&D EXPENDITURE*, 2006
    • OVERVIEW OF THE BIOREFINERY TECHNOLOGY PLATFORMS
  • Table 17 BIOREFINERY CONVERSION/ PRODUCT OPTIONS, BY PLATFORM TECHNOLOGY
  • Table 17 (CONTINUED)
    • PHYSICO-CHEMICAL (THE TRADITIONAL) TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM
  • Figure 6 PHYSICO-CHEMICAL PROCESSING ROUTES FOR VEGETABLE OILS/ GREASE
    • THE BIOTRANSFORMATION TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM
  • Figure 7 BIOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGY PLATFORMS
    • THERMOCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM
  • Figure 8 THE THERMOCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM
    • THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY BIOMASS PROGRAM
  • Table 18 UNITED STATES DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY BIOREFINERY PLATFORMS
    • OVERVIEW OF THE MAJOR TYPES OF BIOREFINERIES
  • Figure 9 THE CONVERSION OF BIOMASS TO FUELS AND CHEMICALS PARALLELS THE ROUTE CURRENTLY USED BY THE PETROCHEMICAL INDUSTRY
    • FOREST-BASED BIOREFINERIES
  • Figure 10 THE INTEGRATED FOREST PRODUCTS BIOREFINERY
    • AGRICULTURAL-BASED BIOREFINERY
  • Figure 11 AGRICULTURAL BIOREFINERY
    • PULP AND PAPER-BASED BIOREFINERY
  • Figure 12 PULP AND PAPER REFINERY
    • CLASSIFICATION OF BIOMASS AND BIO-PRODUCTS SPECTRUM
  • Table 19 CLASSIFICATION OF BIOMASS
    • BIOREFINERY PRODUCTS MARKETING STRATEGIES
      • CHOICE OF MARKET SEGMENT
      • CORE TECHNOLOGIES
      • GOVERNMENT SUPPORT
      • SUPPLY CHAIN DEVELOPMENT
  • Figure 13 OVERVIEW OF BIOREFINERY PRODUCTS-PLATFORM AND MAJOR COMPANY
    • BIOREFINERY INDUSTRY SEGMENTATION
      • SEGMENTATION BY BIOPRODUCT APPLICATION CATEGORY
  • Table 20 INCREASE IN WORLDWIDE BIOREFINERY PRODUCTS APPLICATION MARKETS, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
    • SEGMENTATION BY MAJOR COMPANY BIOPRODUCT CATEGORY / PRODUCERS
    • METABOLIX INC.
    • JENEIL BIOSURFACTANT CO
    • ADM AND NOVOZYMES
    • BUCKMAN LABORATORIES INTERNATIONAL
    • CARGILL
    • DUPONT
    • TATE & LYLE
    • PROCTER & GAMBLE
    • NATURA
    • AJINOMOTO
    • DEGUSSA
    • NOVAMONT
    • RODENBURG BIOPOLYMERS
    • BIOTEC
    • NATIONAL STARCH & CHEMICALS CO.
    • AVEBE
    • BIOPLASTIC INC.
    • BIOAMBER
    • TOYOTA
    • DOW
  • Table 21 SEGMENTATION BY MAJOR COMPANY BIOPRODUCT CATEGORY/PRODUCERS
  • Table 21 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 21 (CONTINUED)
    • CAPITAL INVESTMENTS IN BIOREFINERY FEEDSTOCK/BUILDING BLOCK
  • Table 22 ESTIMATED CAPITAL REQUIREMENTS FOR TARGET BIOBASED CHEMICALS PRODUCED FROM GLUCOSE
    • BIO-BASED ALTERNATIVES TO CONVENTIONAL (PETRO-BASED) PRODUCTS
  • Figure 14 ALTERNATIVE PRODUCTION PATHWAYS FROM RENEWABLE RAW MATERIALS TO INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS
    • ENERGY BALANCE
  • Table 23 ENERGY BALANCE
    • ALTERNATIVES TO FLAVORS AND FRAGRANCE PRODUCTS: ESSENTIAL OILS/AROMAS
      • Essential Oils and Aroma Oils
      • Fragrance Oils
  • Table 24 SOURCES, DESCRIPTIONS AND COSTS OF NATURAL FLAVORS AND FRAGRANCES
  • Table 24 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 24 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 24 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 24 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 24 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 24 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 24 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 24 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 24 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 24 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 24 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 24 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 24 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 24 (CONTINUED)
    • ALTERNATIVES TO FOSSIL FUELS: BIO-BASED TRANSPORTATION FUELS
  • Table 25 FUELS, HYDROCARBONS
    • FIRST GENERATION AND SECOND GENERATION BIOTRANSPORTATION FUELS
  • Figure 15 CURRENT AND EMERGING LIQUID BIOFUELS TECHNOLOGIES
    • Ethanol
    • Biodiesel
    • Straight Vegetable Oil (SVO)
    • Biological Hydrogen (Biohydrogen)
    • Biogas
  • Table 26 FIRST GENERATION BIOFUELS
  • Table 27 SECOND GENERATION BIOFUELS
    • ALTERNATIVES TO FOSSIL-BASED ENERGY: RENEWABLE ENERGY PATHWAYS
  • Figure 16 GENERAL STRUCTURES OF THE RENEWABLE ENERGY PATHWAYS
    • Biomass Renewable Energy Pathways
  • Figure 17 MOST APPROPRIATE ALTERNATIVE RENEWABLE ENERGY PATHWAYS FOR BIOMASS
    • ALTERNATIVES TO FOSSIL-BASED MATERIALS: BIO-BASED POLYMERS/PLASTICS
  • Table 28 COMPARISON OF BIOPLASTICS WITH CONVENTIONAL PETROLEUM PLASTICS
  • Table 29 COMPARISON OF BIOMER PHB PROPERTIES WITH PP, PS AND PE
    • ALTERNATIVES TO FOSSIL-BASED CHEMICALS: BIO-BASED CHEMICALS
  • Table 30 LARGE VOLUME BIOBASED CHEMICALS
  • Table 30 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 31 BIOBASED SPECIALTY CHEMICALS
    • IMPORTANCE OF ' ' BIOREFINERY' ' CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIES
  • Figure 18 IMPORTANCE OF ' ' BIOREFINERY' ' CONVERSION TECHNOLOGIES
    • MARKETS AND VALUES FOR POTENTIAL BIOREFINING PRODUCTS
  • Table 32 MARKETS AND VALUES FOR POTENTIAL BIOREFINING PRODUCTS, 2005
    • WHERE BIOREFINERY PRODUCTS/APPLICATIONS FIT IN THE ECONOMY
  • Figure 19 WHERE BIOREFINERIES PRODUCT APPLICATIONS FIT IN THE ECONOMY
    • YIELDS AND PRICES OF POTENTIAL AND CONVENTIONAL OIL CROP FEEDSTOCKS USED FOR CHEMICALS, POLYMERS, FUEL AND ENERGY INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION IN THE U.S.
  • Table 33 YIELDS AND PRICES OF POTENTIAL AND CONVENTIONAL OIL CROP FEEDSTOCKS USED FOR CHEMICALS, POLYMERS, FUEL AND ENERGY INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTION IN THE U.S.
  • Table 33 (CONTINUED)
    • SOME WILD OR CULTIVATED PLANTS SUITABLE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS
  • Table 34 LIST OF SOME WILD OR CULTIVATED PLANTS SUITABLE FOR THE PRODUCTION OF ESSENTIAL OILS
  • Table 34 (CONTINUED)
    • CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANT-DERIVED DRUGS AND THE PLANT
  • Table 35 CHARACTERISTICS OF PLANT-DERIVED DRUGS AND THE PLANT SOURCE
  • Table 35 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 35 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 35 (CONTINUED)
    • ALTERNATIVE BIO-BASED BULK CHEMICAL FEEDSTOCK/PRECURSOR
  • Table 36 ALTERNATIVE FEEDSTOCK/ PROCESS FOR BULK CHEMICAL PRODUCTION
  • Table 36 (CONTINUED)
    • PROPERTIES OF BIAXIALLY ORIENTED FILMS
      • Properties of Biaxially ?(Continued)
  • Table 37 PROPERTIES OF BIAXIALLY ORIENTED FILMS
    • OVERVIEW OF GLOBAL BIOMASS RESOURCES FOR HUMAN USE AND CONSUMPTION
  • Table 38 GLOBAL BIOMASS ENERGY POTENTIAL, BY TYPE AND REGION (EJ)
    • GLOBAL BIOMASS RESOURCES FOR HUMAN USE AND CONSUMPTION
  • Table 39 GLOBAL BIOMASS RESOURCES FOR HUMAN USE AND CONSUMPTION
  • Table 39 (CONTINUED)
    • BIOREFINING FOR SUSTAINABLE INDUSTRIAL PRODUCTS
  • Figure 20 OVERVIEW OF THE BIOREFINERY FEEDSTOCK SUPPLY CHAIN
    • BIOREFINERY CONCEPTS
  • Table 40 BIOREFINERY CONCEPT/FEEDSTOCK MATRIX
    • DEMAND BY TYPE OF BIOREFINERY CONCEPT
  • Table 41 DEMAND BY TYPE OF BIOREFINERY CONCEPT, THROUGH 2012
  • Table 42 BIOREFINERY FEEDSTOCK SUPPLY, TYPE AND EXAMPLES
  • Table 42 (CONTINUED)
    • Agricultural Residue
    • Forestry Residue
    • Municipal/ Urban Residue
    • Pulp and Paper Manufacturing Wastes
  • Table 43 AVERAGE HEAT CONTENT OF SELECTED BIOMASS FUELS
  • Table 43 (CONTINUED)
    • ENERGY CROPS
      • Grasses/ Herbaceous Crops
      • Short Rotation Woody Crops
      • Oil Crops
      • Trees
  • Table 44 VEGETABLE OIL DESCRIPTIONS
  • Table 44 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 45 VEGETABLE OIL YIELDS BY CROP, IN ASCENDING ORDER
  • Table 45 (CONTINUED)
    • LIVESTOCK
  • Table 46 ANIMAL FAT DESCRIPTIONS
  • Table 46 (CONTINUED)
    • BIOREFINERY MARKET PENETRATION AND CONCENTRATION BY APPLICATION SEGMENT
  • Table 47 BIOREFINERY MARKET PENETRATION IN GLOBAL REFINING, THROUGH 2012 ($ BILLIONS/YEAR)
    • BIOREFINERY MARKET PENETRATION IN GLOBAL CHEMICALS PRODUCTION
  • Table 48 BIOREFINERY DERIVED CHEMICALS / POLYMERS MARKET PENETRATION IN GLOBAL CHEMICALS, THROUGH 2012 ($ BILLIONS)
    • BIO-MATERIALS MARKET PENETRATION IN GLOBAL MATERIALS (PLASTICS/POLYMERS)
  • Table 49 BIOREFINERY DERIVED MATERIALS MARKET PENETRATION IN GLOBAL PLASTICS/ POLYMERS, THROUGH 2012 (MILLION LBS)
  • Table 50 BIOREFINERY DERIVED MATERIALS MARKET PENETRATION IN GLOBAL PLASTICS/POLYMERS, HROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
    • BIOELECTRICITY MARKET PENETRATION IN GLOBAL ELECTRICITY GENERATION
  • Table 51 BIO-DERIVED ELECTRICITY MARKET PENETRATION IN GLOBAL ELECTRICITY CONSUMPTION, THROUGH 2012 (MW)
    • BIOMASS MARKET PENETRATION IN GLOBAL PRIMARY ENERGY PRODUCTION
  • Table 52 BIOMASS MARKET PENETRATION IN GLOBAL PRIMARY ENERGY PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2012 (QUADRILLION BTU/YEAR)
  • Table 53 GLOBAL BIOMASS CONSUMPTION IN RENEWABLE ENERGY, THROUGH 2012 (QUADRILLION BTU)
    • BIOREFINERY MARKET PENETRATION IN GLOBAL TRANSPORTATION FUELS PRODUCTION
  • Table 54 BIOFUELS MARKET PENETRATION IN GLOBAL TRANSPORTATION FUELS CONSUMPTION, THROUGH 2012 (VOLUME: BARRELS/DAY)
    • PLANT-DERIVED DRUGS MARKET PENETRATION IN GLOBAL BIOPHARMACEUTICALS
  • Table 55 PLANT-DERIVED DRUGS MARKET PENETRATION IN GLOBAL BIOPHARMACEUTICALS CONSUMPTION, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS/YEAR)
    • ESSENTIAL OILS/NATURAL PRODUCTS MARKET PENETRATION IN GLOBAL FLAVORS AND FRAGRANCES MARKET
  • Table 56 FLAVORS AND FRAGRANCE PENETRATION IN GLOBAL NON-FOOD HERBAL/BOTANICAL MARKET, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLION)
  • Table 57 NATURAL INGREDIENTS MARKET PENETRATION IN GLOBAL FLAVORS AND FRAGRANCE MARKET, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLION)
  • Table 58 NATURAL INGREDIENTS MARKET PENETRATION IN GLOBAL BODY CARE MARKET, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLION)
    • BIOREFINERY MARKET DOMINATION AND GLOBALIZATION
      • MARKET DOMINATION BY COUNTRY
  • Table 59 BIOREFINERY MARKET DOMINATION BY COUNTRY, 2007
    • MARKET DOMINATION BY TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM
  • Table 60 BIOREFINERY MARKET DOMINATION BY TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM/PRODUCT GROUP, THROUGH 2012
    • BIOREFINERY MARKET GLOBALIZATION
  • Table 61 OVERVIEW OF BIOMATERIALS, BIOENERGY AND BIOFUELS CORPORATIONS WORLDWIDE
  • Table 61 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 61 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 61 (CONTINUED)
    • INDUSTRY IN TRANSITION
      • COST OF FOSSIL-BASED FEEDSTOCK
        • Natural Gas
        • Petroleum
        • Coal
  • Table 62 OVERVIEW OF FOSSIL-BASED FEEDSTOCK COSTS, THROUGH 2012
    • COST OF BIO-BASED FEEDSTOCK
      • Biomass
      • Biofuel Feedstocks
  • Table 63 OVERVIEW OF BIO-BASED FEEDSTOCK COSTS, THROUGH 2012
    • EFFICIENCY
  • Table 64 OVERALL EFFICIENCY OF WOOD AND OTHER COMPETING FUELS (%)
    • IMPORTANT SHIFTS AND CONCENTRATION FACTORS
      • SHIFT IN PETROLEUM INDUSTRY ATTITUDE TOWARDS BIOFUELS
  • Table 65 MAJOR INITIATIVES BY LEADING OIL COMPANIES
    • SHIFT AND CONCENTRATION IN BIODIESEL PRODUCTION CENTERS
  • Table 66 SHIFT AND CONCENTRATION IN GLOBAL BIODIESEL PRODUCTION, THROUGH 2012 (1,000 TONS)
    • SHIFT AND CONCENTRATION IN BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION COUNTRY
  • Table 67 SHIFT IN #1 BIOETHANOL PRODUCING COUNTRY, THROUGH 2012 (1,000 TONS)
    • ETHANOL TRADE AND ENZYME PRICE
  • Table 68 BRAZILIAN BIOETHANOL NET TRADE, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLION)
    • SHIFTS IN CRUDE OIL PRICES MOVEMENTS AND IMPACTS ON BIOREFINERY
      • Sugar
  • Figure 21 PRICE MOVEMENTS OF CRUDE OIL AND SUGAR
  • Table 69 ESTIMATES OF PARITY PRICES BETWEEN SUGAR AND CRUDE OIL
    • Corn
  • Figure 22 PRICE MOVEMENTS OF CRUDE OIL AND CORN
  • Table 70 LONG-RUN EQUILIBRIUM CORN PRICE VERSUS CRUDE OIL PRICE
  • Figure 23 COST OF CARBON IN CORN VERSUS CRUDE OIL
  • Figure 24 COST OF CARBON IN CELLULOSIC ENERGY CROPS VERSUS CRUDE OIL
    • SHIFT IN SELECTED INTERNATIONAL PRICES FOR OILCROP / PRODUCTS*
  • Table 71 SELECTED INTERNATIONAL PRICES FOR OILCROP PRODUCTS AND PRICE INDICES*, THROUGH 2006
    • SHIFT IN OCEAN FREIGHT RATES FOR WHEAT
  • Table 72 OCEAN FREIGHT RATES FOR WHEAT ($/TON)*, THROUGH 2006
    • SHIFT IN THE SHARE OF U.S. CORN HARVEST USED FOR ETHANOL PRODUCTION
  • Table 73 U.S. CORN PRODUCTION, USE FOR FUEL ETHANOL AND FOR EXPORT, THROUGH 2012 (MILLION METRIC TONS)
    • SHIFT IN ETHANOL PRICE
  • Figure 25 SHIFT IN ETHANOL PRICES
    • SHIFT IN GLOBAL RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT SPENDING
      • United States
      • China
      • European Union
      • Rest-of-the-World
  • Table 74 SHIFT IN GLOBAL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT SPENDING ($ BILLIONS)
    • CHALLENGES AND THREATS IN THE COMMERCIALIZATION OF BIOREFINERIES
  • Table 75 YIELDS OF MAJOR U.S. CROPS
    • INTERNATIONAL TRADE
      • Unfair Subsidies
      • Brazil' s Response
    • BIOTECH CROPS
  • Table 76 DEMAND FOR BIOTECH CROPS BY TYPE, THROUGH 2012 ($ BILLIONS)
    • RELATIVE SUITABILITY OF DIFFERENT FEEDSTOCKS AND BIOPRODUCTS
  • Table 77 RELATIVE SUITABILITY OF DIFFERENT FEEDSTOCKS/BIOPRODUCTS FOR SMALL, MEDIUM AND LARGE-SCALE APPLICATION
    • HISTORY OF THE BIOREFINERY INDUSTRY
      • TAXING BIO-DERIVED CHEMICALS TO DEATH
        • Taxing Bio-derived?(Continued)
      • SUPPORTING THE FARMER
      • LOCAL OWNERSHIP
      • CURRENT CONDITIONS
    • PLANNING ON THE NEW BIOREFINERY FRONTIER AND THE FUTURE
  • Figure 26 ANTICIPATED FUTURE ROADMAP FOR BIOREFINING
• REGULATIONS AND LEGISLATION
  • INTRODUCTION
  • Table 78 LONG-TERM BIOFUELS DEMAND IN ROAD TRANSPORT PROJECTION BY REGION, 2004 AND 2030 (MILLION TONS OF OIL EQUIVALENT)
    • GLOBAL BIOFUELS FEEDSTOCK DIVERSIFICATION AND PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
  • Table 79 GLOBAL BIOFUELS FEEDSTOCK DIVERSIFICATION AND PRODUCT DEVELOPMENT
    • MAJOR THREATS TO THE REGULATION OF BIOREFINERIES
  • THE BIOFUELS ACT OF 2007
  • THE AMERICAN FUELS ACT OF 2006
  • ENERGY POLICY ACT OF 2005
  • BIOMASS R&D ACT OF 2000 (AS REVISED BY ENERGY POLICY ACT OF 2005)
  • DEFICIT REDUCTION ACT OF 2005
  • FARM SECURITY AND RURAL INVESTMENT ACT OF 2002
  • SECTION 932 BIOENERGY PROGRAM
  • SECTION P41 AMENDMENTS TO THE BIOMASS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT ACT OF 2000
  • SECTION 942 PRODUCTION INCENTIVES FOR CELLULOSIC BIOFUELS
  • SECTION 977 SYSTEMS BIOLOGY PROGRAM
  • SECTION 1501 RENEWABLE CONTENT OF GASOLINE (RENEWABLE FUELS STANDARDS)
  • THE 2002 FARM BILL
  • THE FARM SECURITY AND RURAL INVESTMENT ACT (FSRIA) OF 2002
  • THE ECONOMIC SECURITY AND RECOVERY ACT OF 2001
  • THE ENERGY TAX ACT OF 1978 (ETA)
  • THE CRUDE OIL WINDFALL PROFITS TAX ACT OF 1980 (WPT)
  • THE ECONOMIC RECOVERY TAX ACT OF 1981 (ERTA)
  • THE TAX EQUITY FISCAL RESPONSIBILITY ACT OF 1982 (TEFRA)
  • THE TERMINATION OF ENERGY TAX CREDITS IN 1982 THROUGH 1985
  • THE TAX REFORM ACT OF 1986
  • THE TAX RELIEF EXTENSION ACT OF 1999
  • FEDERAL AGRICULTURAL IMPROVEMENT AND REFORM ACT OF 1996
  • BIOPACT
  • INTERNATIONAL FEDERATION OF PHARMACEUTICAL MANUFACTURERS AND ASSOCIATIONS
  • DIETARY SUPPLEMENT AND HEALTH EDUCATION ACT OF 1994
  • EUROPEAN STANDARD DIN WN14214
  • USDA PROPOSES RULE TO ENCOURAGE FEDERAL PURCHASING OF BIOPRODUCTS
• VOLUME II
• INDUSTRY STRUCTURE AND COMPETITIVE RATES
  • INTRODUCTION
  • Figure 27 THE BIOREFINERY INDUSTRY STRUCTURE / COMPETITIVE PRODUCTS
    • INDUSTRY STRUCTURE
      • INDUSTRY STRUCTURE (CONTINUED)
  • Figure 28 THE BIOMASS FUEL, CHEMICAL AND MATERIALS CHAIN
    • DRIVERS FOR CHANGE
  • Figure 29 DRIVERS FOR CHANGE FROM PETRO-BASED TO BIO-BASED REFINERIES
    • CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES THROUGH THE CHEMICAL PRODUCT LIFECYCLE
  • Figure 30 CHALLENGES AND OPPORTUNITIES THROUGH THE CHEMICAL PRODUCT LIFECYCLE
    • BIOREFINING FROM THE CRADLE TO THE GRAVE
  • Figure 31 BIOREFINING FROM THE CRADLE TO THE GRAVE
    • SOME EXAMPLES OF RECENT PROGRESS IN BIOREFINERY R&D
  • Figure 32 SOME EXAMPLES OF RECENT PROGRESS IN BIOREFINERY R&D
    • INTEGRATED BIOREFINERY OPTIONS
  • Figure 33 INTEGRATED BIOREFINERY OPTIONS
    • BIOPLATFORM MOLECULES
  • Figure 34 BIOPLATFORM MOLECULES
    • PROCESS INTENSIFICATION
  • Figure 35 PROCESS INTENSIFICATION
    • EXAMPLES OF BIOREFINERY IN PRACTICE
  • Figure 36 EXAMPLES OF BIOREFINERY IN PRACTICE
    • GLOBAL MACROECONOMIC ENVIRONMENT AND COMPETITIVE RATES
  • Table 80 BCC RESEARCH / USDA ASSUMPTIONS IN REAL GDP ANNUAL GROWTH, THROUGH 2012 (%)
    • DEMAND FOR THE MAJOR PRIMARY ENERGY SOURCES
  • Table 81 GLOBAL PRIMARY ENERGY CONSUMPTION BY FEEDSTOCK, THROUGH 2012 (QUADRILLION BTU/YEAR)
    • Renewables
  • Table 82 GLOBAL BIOMASS CONSUMPTION IN PRIMARY ENERGY BY FEEDSTOCK, THROUGH 2012 (QUADRILLION BTU/YEAR)
  • Table 83 KEY REGIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY INDICATORS AND BIOMASS DOMINATION, 2006
    • GLOBAL ECONOMIC GROWTH
      • United States
      • Canada
      • Europe
      • Asia
        • Southeast Asia
        • China
      • South America
        • Brazil
        • Argentina
      • Africa/ Middle East
  • Table 84 OVERVIEW OF WORLDWIDE GDP, 2003-2012
    • INTERNATIONAL CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATES
  • Table 85 OVERVIEW OF INTERNATIONAL CURRENCY EXCHANGE RATES, THROUGH 2006
    • DEMAND FOR BIOREFINERY FEEDSTOCK/AGRICULTURE BY TYPE
  • Table 86 GLOBAL ANALYSIS OF IMPORT BILLS OF TOTAL FOOD AND MAJOR FOODSTUFFS, BY GLOBAL REGION, 2005 AND 2006 ($ MILLIONS)
    • WHEAT
  • Table 87 GLOBAL WHEAT RESOURCES OUTLOOK, THROUGH 2012
  • Table 88 GLOBAL WHEAT EXPORTS BY REGION/COUNTRY, THROUGH 2012 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)
  • Table 89 GLOBAL WHEAT IMPORTS BY REGION/COUNTRY OUTLOOK, THROUGH 2012 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)
  • Table 89 (CONTINUED)
    • COARSE GRAINS
      • Coarse Grains (Continued)
  • Table 90 GLOBAL COARSE GRAINS RESOURCES OUTLOOK, THROUGH 2012
  • Table 91 GLOBAL COARSE GRAINS EXPORT OUTLOOK, THROUGH 2012 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)
  • Table 92 GLOBAL COARSE GRAINS IMPORT OUTLOOK, THROUGH 2012 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)
    • CORN
  • Table 93 GLOBAL CORN RESOURCES OUTLOOK, THROUGH 2012
  • Table 94 GLOBAL CORN EXPORTS BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2012 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)
  • Table 95 GLOBAL CORN IMPORTS BY COUNTRY, THROUGH 2012 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)
  • Table 95 (COTINUED)
    • RICE
      • Rice (Continued)
  • Table 96 GLOBAL RICE RESOURCES OUTLOOK, THROUGH 2012
  • Table 97 GLOBAL RICE IMPORTS BY REGION, THROUGH 2012 (THOUSAND METRIC TONS)
    • VEGETABLE OILS
  • Table 98 GLOBAL VEGETABLE OILS RESOURCES OUTLOOK, THROUGH 2012
    • Soybean Oil
    • Palm Oil
      • Production
      • Consumption
      • Emerging Biodiesel Sector
      • Technical Problems
  • Table 99 PRODUCTION SCENARIOS FOR SELECTED VEGETABLE OILS, THROUGH 2012 (MILLION TONS)
    • Technical Problems (Continued)
  • Table 100 GLOBAL OILS AND FATS MARKET DIVERSIFICATION, THROUGH 2012 (MILLION TONS)
    • OILSEEDS
  • Table 101 GLOBAL OILSEEDS RESOURCES OUTLOOK, THROUGH 2012
    • Soybean
    • Rapeseed
  • Table 102 GLOBAL OILSEED PRODUCTION BY TYPE, THROUGH 2012 (MILLION METRIC TONS)
  • Table 103 GLOBAL OILSEED RESOURCES BY REGION, THROUGH 2012 (MILLION METRIC TONS)
    • COTTON
  • Table 104 GLOBAL COTTON RESOURCES OUTLOOK, THROUGH 2012
    • SUGAR
      • Cane vs. Beet Sugar
  • Table 105 GLOBAL SUGAR RESOURCES OUTLOOK, THROUGH 2012
    • LIVESTOCK AND POULTRY
  • Table 106 GLOBAL PROTEIN MEALS RESOURCES OUTLOOK, THROUGH 2012
  • Table 107 LIVESTOCK PRICES, THROUGH 2012
    • COMBUSTIBLE RENEWABLE AND WASTE
      • Wood, Wood Waste, Solid Waste and Charcoal
  • Table 108 GLOBAL WOOD (INCLUDING CHARCOAL) RESOURCES OUTLOOK, THROUGH 2012
    • BIOREFINERY PLANT STRUCTURAL MATERIAL FEEDSTOCKS
  • Figure 37 BIOREFINERY FEEDSTOCKS, CONVERSION, PRODUCTS AND APPLICATION ROUTES
    • COMPOSITION OF SOME PLANT MATERIALS
  • Table 109 COMPOSITION OF SOME PLANT MATERIALS
    • CROP RESIDUE AVAILABILITY POTENTIAL QUANTITIES
  • Table 110 CROP RESIDUE AVAILABILITY POTENTIAL QUANTITIES, BY GLOBAL REGION (MILLION METRIC TONS/YEAR)
    • DEMAND BY TYPE OF BIOREFINERY
      • Cellulose-Based Biorefinery
  • Figure 38 BIOREFINERY FEEDSTOCK DIVERSIFICATION AND TRANSFORMATION PROCESS
    • Hemicelluloses-Based Biorefinery
    • Lignin-Based Biorefinery
    • Starch-Based Biorefinery
    • Proteins-Based Biorefinery
    • Plant Oils-Based Biorefinery
    • Fermentable Sugars-Based Biorefinery
  • Table 111 DEMAND FOR BIOREFINERY BY PLANT STRUCTURAL MATERIAL, THROUGH 2012 ($MILLION/YEAR)
  • Table 111 (CONTINUED)
    • BIOREFINERY PROCESSING ECONOMICS
      • FEEDSTOCK COSTS VERSUS PRIMARY BIOREFINERY PRODUCT COSTS ANALYSIS
  • Table 112 U.S. BIOMASS FROM AGRICULTURE: POTENTIAL SUPPLY AND COST, BY SOURCE
    • BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION COSTS
      • Bioethanol from Wood or Straw using Acid Hydrolysis
      • Bioethanol from Wheat
      • Bioethanol from Corn
      • Bioethanol from Sugar Cane or Sugar Beet
    • BIODIESEL PRODUCTION COSTS
  • Table 113 DISTRIBUTION OF BIODIESEL PRODUCTION COSTS (%)
    • Biodiesel from Oilseeds
    • Biodiesel from Wood or Straw Using Gasification and Fischer-Tropsch
    • Bioethanol from Wood or Straw by Enzymic Hydrolysis and Fermentation
  • BIOENERGY PRODUCTION COSTS
    • Bioenergy from Forest Products Feedstocks
    • Bioenergy from Agricultural Residue Feedstock
    • Bioenergy from Urban Wood Waste and Mill Residues
    • Bioenergy from Municipal Solid Waste (MSW)
    • Bioenergy from Dedicated Feedstocks
    • Bioenergy from Biogas
    • Biomass Power
    • Biomass Heat
    • Biogas Digester
    • Biomass Gasifier
  • Table 114 OVERVIEW OF BIO-BASED PRODUCTS COSTS, 2004-2012 (CENTS/KWH)
  • Table 114 (CONTINUED)
    • BIODEGRADABLE POLYMER/BIOPLASTICS COSTS
  • Table 115 MARKET PRICE FOR BIODEGRADABLE AND NON-BIODEGRADABLE MATERIALS (£ KG)
  • Table 115 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 115 (CONTINUED)
    • ESTIMATED COST FACTORS IN VARIOUS GLOBAL REGIONS
  • Table 116 ESTIMATED COST FACTORS IN VARIOUS GLOBAL REGIONS
    • ACTUAL AND ANTICIPATED CROP-BASED BIOREFINERY PROCESSES
      • CROP-BASED BIOREFINERY PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY
      • COMMERCIAL CROPS (FERMENTATION)
      • BIOMASS
      • COMMERCIAL CROPS (VEGETABLE OIL ESTERIFICATION)
  • Table 117 ACTUAL AND ANTICIPATED CROP-BASED BIOREFINERY PROCESSES
    • BIOMASS-FUEL TECHNOLOGY ADOPTION: BARRIERS AND PROSPECTS
  • Table 118 BIOMASS-FUEL PROCESSING PLANTS: COMMERCIAL AND QUASI-COMMERCIAL FACILITIES IN NORTH AMERICA
  • Table 118 (CONTINUED)
    • COST COMPETITIVENESS OF BIOREFINERY PRODUCTS
  • Table 119 COST COMPETITIVENESS OF PETROLEUM REFINING AND BIOREFINERY FUELS
    • BIODIESEL ECONOMICS
  • Table 120 PROJECTED PRODUCTION COSTS FOR DIESEL FUEL BY FEEDSTOCK, THROUGH 2011 (2002 $/GALLON)
  • Table 121 BIODIESEL PRODUCTION COSTS (1? = 1.35 U.S.$)
  • Table 121 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 122 PROJECTED SOYBEAN OIL PRICES AS A FUNCTION OF SOYBEAN OIL USE FOR BIODIESEL PRODUCTION, 2004-2012 (2002 DOLLARS PER GALLON)
  • Table 123 PROJECTED YELLOW GREASE PRICES, 2004-2013 (2002 DOLLARS PER GALLON)
  • Table 124 PROJECTED DIESEL FUEL PRODUCTION COSTS BY FEEDSTOCK, 2004-2012 (2002 DOLLARS PER GALLON)
    • GLYCERINE
      • Glycerine (Continued)
      • An Energy Source
      • Quality a Cause for Concern
  • Table 125 GLYCEROL PROPERTIES OBTAINED AFTER TRANSESTERIFICATION ACCORDING TO THE ORIGIN OF THE VEGETABLE OILS
  • Table 126 FINAL COST OF THE BIODIESEL FROM USED OLIVE OIL AND ETHIOPIAN MUSTARD OIL
    • BIOETHANOL ECONOMICS
  • Table 127 ESTIMATED BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION COSTS FROM DIFFERENT CROPS
  • Table 128 PRODUCTION COSTS OF STARCH-BASED ETHANOL*
  • Table 129 FUEL ENERGY BALANCES
  • Table 130 CAPITAL COSTS OF A STARCH-BASED ETHANOL REFINERY*
  • Table 131 ENGINEERING COST ESTIMATES FOR BIOETHANOL PLANTS IN GERMANY
  • Table 132 BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION COSTS IN BRAZIL
  • Table 133 THE COST OF A GALLON OF CORN ETHANOL
    • Cellulosic Ethanol
      • Cellulosic Ethanol (Continued)
      • Cellulosic Ethanol (Continued)
      • Cellulosic Ethanol (Continued)
  • Table 134 CURRENT COMPARISON OF ETHANOL FROM CORN VERSUS CELLULOSE
  • Table 135 CELLULOSIC ETHANOL PLANT COST ESTIMATES ($U.S./LITER EXCEPT WHERE INDICATED)
    • N-BUTANOL ECONOMICS
    • VEGETABLE OIL ECONOMICS
      • Vegetable Oil Economics (Continued)
  • Table 136 SOYBEAN PRODUCTION COSTS COMPARED TO CANOLA
  • Table 137 POTENTIAL RETURNS (SOYBEAN AT $5.50 PER BUSHEL AND CANOLA AT $0.10 PER POUND)
  • Table 138 ESTIMATED COSTS FOR EXTRACTION AND PRODUCTION OF METHYL NERNOLATE AND VERNOLIC ACID FROM E. LAGASCAE AT TWO LEVELS OF PROCESSING CAPACITY
    • BIOELECTRICITY/ POWER GENERATION ECONOMICS
  • Figure 39 COST-COMPETITIVENESS OF BIOMASS POWER COMPARED TO OTHER SELECTED RENEWABLE POWER TECHNOLOGIES
    • Direct-Fired or Conventional Steam Boiler
    • Co-firing
    • Pyrolysis
    • Biomass Gasification
    • Biogas Landfills
    • Biogas-Urban Wastes
  • Table 139 COST COMPETITIVENESS OF BIOELECTRICITY/BIOPOWER GENERATION
    • Current Cost
    • Future Cost
  • Table 140 CAPITAL COST EFFICIENCIES OF PRINCIPAL BIOELECTRICITY AND COMPETING TECHNOLOGIES WITH ESTIMATES FOR 2020
  • Table 140 (CONTINUED)
    • WOOD BURNING SYSTEMS
  • Table 141 COST OF WOOD BURNING SYSTEMS
    • BIOPLASTICS/ BIOPOLYMER ECONOMICS
  • Table 142 PLA PROPERTIES COMPARED TO CONVENTIONAL POLYMERS
  • Table 143 MAJOR BIOREFINERY FEEDSTOCK/BUILDING BLOCK COSTS
  • Table 143 (CONTINUED)
    • PLANT-DERIVED DRUGS ECONOMICS
  • Table 144 MAJOR PLANT-DERIVED DRUGS FEEDSTOCK/BUILDING BLOCK ECONOMICS
  • Table 144 (CONTINUED)
    • ESSENTIAL OILS AND AROMA ECONOMICS
  • Table 145 A COMPARISON OF SYNTHETIC AND NATURAL INGREDIENT PRODUCTION COSTS
  • Table 145 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 146 APPROXIMATE YIELDS FOR ESSENTIAL OIL CROPS AND PERCENT OF OIL THAT MAY BE EXTRACTED
  • Table 147 CAPITAL INVESTMENT REQUIRED
  • Table 148 OPERATING COSTS
  • Table 149 RETURNS AND BREAKEVENS FOR ESSENTIAL OILS
    • ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS OF THE BIOREFINERY INDUSTRY ON DEVELOPING COUNTRIES
  • Table 150 ANNUAL VALUE OF FUELWOOD AND WOOD-BASED PRODUCTS TO THE GLOBAL ECONOMY ($ 000 MILLION)
  • Figure 40 POTENTIAL INCREASES IN PER CAPITA INCOME RESULTING FROM CARBON FINANCE FOR SELECTED COUNTRIES UNDER A HIGH CARBON VALUE ($20 PER METRIC TON) SCENARIO AND USING EXCHANGE RATE GDP FIGURES
    • DEFORESTATION
    • AVOIDED DEFORESTATION AND OPPORTUNITY COST
      • Bolivia
  • Figure 41 THE MATH FOR BOLIVIA
    • Cameroon
    • Indonesia
  • Table 151 VALUE OF AVOIDED DEFORESTATION IN DEVELOPING COUNTRIES RANKED BY POTENTIAL GDP CONTRIBUTION
  • Table 151 (CONTINUED)
    • MERGERS/ ACQUISITIONS AND JOINT VENTURES/DEMERGERS
  • Table 152 BIOREFINERY COMPANY ALLIANCES/MERGER/JOINT VENTURE/DEMERGERS
  • Table 152 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 152 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 152 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 152 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 152 (CONTINUED)
    • BIOREFINERY COMPANY MARKET CAPITALIZATION AND PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
  • Table 153 MARKET CAPITALIZATION AND PERFORMANCE INDICATORS FOR THE MAJOR SEGMENTS, 2006
    • ORIGINAL EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS (OEM)
      • Original Equipment ?(Continued)
      • General Motors
      • Ford
      • Toyota
      • Other
  • Table 154 OEM COMPANY MARKET CAPITALIZATION AND PERFORMANCE INDICATORS, 2006
  • Table 154 (CONTINUED)
    • OIL REFINING AND DISTRIBUTION
      • Chevron
      • British Petroleum
      • Shell
      • ExxonMobil
      • ENI Technologies SPA
      • Statoil
      • Sasol
  • Table 155 PETROLEUM REFINING COMPANY MARKET CAPITALIZATION AND KEY PERFORMANCE INDICATORS, 2006
  • Table 155 (CONTINUED)
    • BIOENERGY
      • U.S. Energy Systems, Inc
      • Allegheny Power
      • Xcel Energy, Inc
      • AES
  • Table 156 BIOENERGY COMPANY MARKET CAPITALIZATION AND PERFORMANCE INDICATORS, 2006
  • Table 156 (CONTINUED)
    • BIOFUELS
      • Genencor International and Novozymes A/S
      • Archer Daniels Midland Company
      • Diversa Corporation
      • Dyadic International
      • Iogen Corporation
      • Abengoa Bioenergy
      • DuPont / John Deere and Diversa
  • Table 157 BIOFUELS COMPANY MARKET CAPITALIZATION AND PERFORMANCE INDICATORS, 2006
  • Table 158 OTHER BIOFUELS COMPANY MARKET CAPITALIZATION AND PERFORMANCE INDICATORS, 2006
    • BASIC MATERIALS AND SPECIALTY CHEMICAL COMPANY MARKET CAPITALIZATION AND PERFORMANCE INDICATORS (2006)
      • ADA-ES, Inc
      • ADM Tronics Unlimited Inc
      • American Soil Technologies
      • Aventine Renewable Energy Holdings, Inc
      • Ciba Specialty Chemicals
      • Cynotech Corporation
      • Diametrics Medical, Inc
      • Earth Biofuels, Inc
      • Ethanex Energy Inc
      • Ferro Corporation
      • H.B. Fuller Company
      • Helix Biomedix, Inc
      • Innospec Inc
      • Lyondell Chemical Company
      • Methanex Corp
      • NewMarket Corporation
      • OMNOVA Solutions Inc
      • Pacific Ethanol Inc
      • Penford Corporation
      • Sensient Technologies Corporation
      • Sigma-Aldrich Corporation
      • Southern States Power Company, Inc
      • Synthetech, Inc
      • Technical Ventures Inc
      • VeraSun Energy Corporation
      • WD-40 Company
      • Westlake Chemical Corp
      • W.R. Grace & Co
  • Table 159 BULK CHEMICALS, BASIC MATERIALS AND SPECIALTY CHEMICAL COMPANY MARKET CAPITALIZATION AND PERFORMANCE INDICATORS, 2006
  • Table 159 (CONTINUED)
    • AGROCHEMICALS COMPANIES
  • Table 160 TOP AGROCHEMICAL COMPANIES AND THEIR CROPS/BRANDS
    • Agrochemicals Companies (Continued)
  • Table 161 AGRICULTURAL CHEMICALS COMPANY MARKET CAPITALIZATION AND PERFORMANCE INDICATORS, 2006
    • DRUG COMPANY MARKET CAPITALIZATION AND PERFORMANCE INDICATORS
  • Table 162 MAJOR DRUG COMPANY MARKET CAPITALIZATION AND PERFORMANCE INDICATORS, 2006
    • FLAVORS AND FRAGRANCE COMPANIES' MARKET CAPITALIZATION
  • Table 163 MARKET CAPITALIZATION OF THE MAJOR PERSONAL PRODUCTS COMPANY
  • Table 163 (CONTINUED)
    • BIOPHARMACEUTICALS COMPANY MARKET CAPITALIZATION
      • AMGEN
      • BIOGEN IDEC
      • GENENTECH
      • GILEAD SCIENCES
      • MILLENNIUM PHARMACEUTICALS
      • IMCLONE SYSTEMS
      • AMYLIN PHARMACEUTICALS
  • Table 164 BIOPHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY MARKET CAPITALIZATION. 2006
  • Table 164 (CONTINUED)
    • PHYSICAL INPUTS REQUIRED IN BIOREFINERIES
      • FERTILIZERS AND NUTRIENTS
      • VETERINARY DRUGS AND VACCINES
      • WATER
      • ENERGY
      • HARDWARE
      • DRUGS AND AGROCHEMICALS
  • Table 165 PHYSICAL INPUTS FOR BIOREFINERY FEEDSTOCK
    • LAND
      • Land (Continued)
      • Crops for Fuel Bolster Agribusiness
  • Table 166 BIOFUEL' S LAND GRAB, 2006 (%)
    • AGROCHEMICALS UTILIZATION IN BIOREFINERY
  • Table 167 DEMAND FOR AGROCHEMICALS BY TYPE, THROUGH 2012 ($BILLIONS)
    • MAJOR TRENDS IMPACTING ON THE GLOBAL BIOREFINERY INDUSTRY
      • TRENDS IN WORLD GRAIN CONSUMPTION AND CARRYOVER STOCKS
  • Table 168 TRENDS IN WORLD GRAIN CONSUMPTION, 1960- 2012
  • Table 168 (CONTINUED)
    • TREND IN GLOBAL RENEWABLE ENERGY
  • Table 169 TRENDS IN RENEWABLE ENERGY PRODUCTION, 2004 AND 2030
    • TRENDS IN WORLD BIODIESEL PRODUCTION
  • Table 170 BIOFUEL PRODUCTION AS ENERGY-EQUIVALENT SHARES OF TOTAL GASOLINE AND DIESEL DEMAND FOR TRANSPORTATION IN THE AGGRESSIVE BIOFUEL GROWTH SCENARIO, 2005-2020 (%)
    • United States of America
    • Europe
      • Germany
      • France
      • United Kingdom
    • Asia
    • South America
  • Table 171 TRENDS IN WORLD BIODIESEL PRODUCTION, 1991-2012 (MILLION GALLONS/YEAR)
  • Table 171 (CONTINUED)
    • UNITED STATES VERSUS BRAZIL: CORN VERSUS SUGAR CANE
      • United States versus Brazil?(Continued)
  • Table 172 THE SIZE AND CONSUMPTION DIFFERENCES BETWEEN BRAZIL AND THE UNITED STATES
    • Brazil
    • U.S.
  • Table 173 TREND IN ETHANOL PRODUCTION IN BRAZIL VERSUS THE UNITED STATES, 1982-2012 (MILLION GALLONS/YEAR)
    • TRENDS IN THE FLAVOR AND FRAGRANCE MARKET
  • Table 174 COMPANY SALE VOLUME TRENDS IN GLOBAL FLAVORS AND FRAGRANCE, THROUGH 2006 ($MILLIONS)
    • TRENDS IN PLANT-DERIVED DRUGS MARKET
  • Table 175 TREND IN PLANT-DERIVED DRUG MARKET IN THE UNITED STATES VERSUS REST OF THE WORLD, 1999-2012 ($ MILLION/YEAR)
    • COMPANY RESULTS
      • CHEMICAL, MATERIAL AND BIOFUELS COMPANIES
        • Chemical, Material and?(Continued)
        • DuPont
        • Diversa
        • Dow Chemical
        • Cargill
        • Archer Daniels Midland
        • Rohm and Haas
        • Genencor International
        • Novozymes
        • The United States Department of Energy
        • DSM
        • BASF
        • Sumitomo Chemicals
        • Eastman Chemical
        • UOP
      • FUEL COMPANIES
        • BP
        • Total
        • Royal Dutch Shell
        • Chevron
        • Petrobras
        • Repsol
        • ConocoPhillips
      • BIOFUEULS COMPANIES
        • Broin
        • British Sugar
        • Chevron
        • Abongoa
        • VeraSun
        • UOP
        • Solutia
      • BIO-MATERIAL COMPANIES
        • Lear Corporation
        • Monsanto
        • Cargill Dow Polymers LLC (NatureWorks LLC)
        • Corn Products International, Inc.
        • Bunge Limited
        • Akzo Nobel NV
        • Corn Products International
        • Imperial Chemicals Industries, PLC
        • MGP Ingredients, Inc.
        • INEOS
        • ADM
        • Bayer, AG
        • Sumitomo Chemical
        • Mitsui Chemicals, Inc. (MCI)
        • Fujitsu Ltd
        • Eastman Chemical Co.
        • BASF
        • DuPont
        • SK Chemicals
        • Dainippon Ink and Chemicals
        • Cortec Corp.
        • Shin-Etsu Chemical Co., Ltd
        • Novozymes A/S
        • Fujitsu Ltd
        • Huntsman Corp
  • Table 176 COMPANY SALES OF CHEMICALS/ MATERIALS AND FUELS, THROUGH 2006 ($BILLIONS/YEAR)
  • Table 176 (CONTINUED)
    • FLAVORS AND FRAGRANCE (ESSENTIAL OILS AND AROMA) COMPANY RESULTS
      • Givaudan
      • IFF
      • Firmenich
      • Symrise
      • Quest International
      • Takasago
      • Sensient Flavors
      • T. Hasegawa
      • Robertet SA
      • Frutarom
      • Danisco
      • McCormick & Company
  • Table 177 MAJOR ESSENTIAL OILS AND AROMA COMPANY RESULTS, THROUGH 2006 ($ BILLIONS)
    • PLANT-DERIVED DRUGS COMPANY RESULTS
      • Amgen
      • Biogen Idec
      • Genentech
      • Gilead Sciences
      • Millennium Pharmaceuticals
  • Table 178 MAJOR BIOPHARMACEUTICAL COMPANY RESULTS BY REVENUE, THROUGH 2006 ($ MILLIONS)
    • NATURAL INGREDIENTS COMPANY RESULTS
      • Colgate-Palmolive
      • S.C. Johnson
      • Estée Lauder
      • Avon
      • Unilever
      • L' Oréal
      • Henkel
      • Reckitt Benckiser
      • Kao
      • Shiseido
      • Beiersdorf
      • LVMH
      • Natura
  • Table 179 MAJOR NATURAL INGREDIENT COMPANY SALES, THROUGH 2006 ($ BILLIONS)
  • Table 179 (CONTINUED)
    • ORIGINAL EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS COMPANY RESULTS
      • Mazda Motor Corp
      • Mitsubishi Motors Corp
      • Ford
      • Volkswagen AG
      • Toyota
      • DaimlerChrysler
      • General Motors
      • Volkswagen AG
      • Honda Motor Co
      • Mazda Motor Corporation
      • Nissan Motor Co., Ltd
  • Table 180 MAJOR ORIGINAL EQUIPMENT MANUFACTURERS' REVENUES, THROUGH 2006 ($ BILLIONS/YEAR)
    • BIOMASS ELECTRIC POWER COMPANIES
      • Alliant Energy
      • Xcel Energy, Inc.
      • AES
      • Allegheny Power
  • Table 181 BIOMASS ELECTRICITY GENERATING COMPANY REVENUE, THROUGH 2006 ($BILLIONS/YEAR)
• DEMAND BY PRODUCT APPLICATION
  • INTRODUCTION
  • Figure 42 BIOMASS FEEDSTOCKS, CONVERSION AND PRODUCTS APPLICATION PATHWAYS
    • PATHWAYS FOR BIOMASS PROCESS CONVERSION TO PRODUCTS APPLICATION
  • Figure 43 BIOMASS PROCESS CONVERSIONS TO PRODUCTS APPLICATION PATHWAYS
    • BIOREFINERY PRODUCTS APPLICATIONS
  • Table 182 BIOREFINERY TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM, PRODUCT APPLICATION CHART
  • Table 182 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 182 (CONTINUED)
    • BIOTRANSPORTATION FUELS
  • Table 183 GLOBAL BIO-TRANSPORTATION FUELS MARKET DIVERSIFICATION, THROUGH 2012 ($ BILLIONS)
    • BIOETHANOL
  • Table 184 GLOBAL BIOETHANOL NET TRADE, THROUGH 2012 (MILLION GALLONS/YEAR)
    • Brazil
    • United States
    • Cellulosic Ethanol
  • Figure 44 UNITED STATES OF AMERICA ETHANOL DEMAND AND SUPPLY
  • Table 185 ETHANOL PRODUCTION PLANTS IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY STATE AND FEEDSTOCK (JANUARY 5, 2007) (MILLION GALLONS/YEAR)
  • Table 185 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 185 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 185 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 186 ETHANOL PLANTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION IN THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA BY STATE AND FEEDSTOCK, JANUARY 5, 2007 (MILLION GALLONS/YEAR)
  • Table 186 (CONTINUED)
    • Canada
  • Table 187 ETHANOL PRODUCTION PLANTS IN CANADA BY FEEDSTOCK AND CAPACITY, JANUARY 5, 2007 (MILLION GALLONS/YEAR)
  • Table 188 ETHANOL PLANTS UNDER CONSTRUCTION IN CANADA BY STATE AND FEEDSTOCK, JANUARY 5, 2007 (MILLION GALLONS/YEAR)
    • China
    • European Union (EU-27)
    • Feedstocks
  • Table 189 POTENTIAL BIOETHANOL YIELDS FROM COMMON WHEAT AND SUGAR BEET IN SOME OF THE EU-27
    • Tax Relief
  • Table 190 BIOFUEL TARGETS, TAX BREAKS AND OIL PRODUCT SERVICE STATIONS IN EUROPE
  • Table 190 (CONTINUED)
    • COMPARISON BETWEEN CURRENT TREND AND WHITE PAPER OBJECTIVES
  • Figure 45 COMPARISONS BETWEEN CURRENT TREND AND WHITE PAPER OBJECTIVES (MILLION TONS OF OIL EQUIVALENT)
    • India
  • REST-OF-THE-WORLD BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION AND CONSUMPTION
    • Thailand
    • Indonesia
    • South Africa
    • Nigeria
  • Table 191 GLOBAL BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION BY COUNTRY/REGION, THROUGH 2012 (MILLION GALLONS/YEAR)
    • BIODIESEL
  • Table 192 GLOBAL TRADE IN OILS AND FATS BY REGION/COUNTRY, 2004-2007 (METRIC TONS/YEAR)
  • Table 192 (CONTINUED)
    • EUROPEAN UNION (EU-27)
  • Table 193 EUROPEAN UNION FEEDSTOCK MIXES FOR BIODIESEL, 2004-2012 (%)
    • Germany
    • France
    • United Kingdom
    • Greece
    • Eastern Europe
  • NORTH AMERICA
    • United States
      • United States (Continued)
    • Canada
  • SOUTH AMERICA
    • Brazil
    • Argentina
  • ASIA
    • China
    • Indonesia
    • Malaysia
    • Singapore
    • Thailand
    • Australia
  • Table 194 GLOBAL BIODIESEL PRODUCTION BY COUNTRY/ REGION, THROUGH 2012 (1,000 TONS)
    • BIO-BASED CHEMICALS
    • UNITED STATES
    • CANADA
    • EUROPE
    • ASIA
    • REST-OF-THE-WORLD
  • Table 195 DEMAND FOR BIOREFINERY-DERIVED CHEMICALS BY GROUPING, THROUGH 2012 ($ BILLION/YEAR)
    • OLEOCHEMICALS (VEGETABLE OILS / FATS DERIVED CHEMICALS)
  • Figure 46 ORGANIZATIONS OF THE FATS/OILS CHEMICALS INDUSTRY
    • Fatty Acids
    • Fatty Alcohols
    • Fatty Amines
    • Fatty Methyl Esters
  • Table 196 PRODUCTION OF OIL AND FAT-DERIVED CHEMICALS BY TYPE, THROUGH 2012 (1000 TONS)
  • Table 196 (CONTINUED)
    • BY-PRODUCT GLYCERINE
      • By-product Glycerine (Continued)
  • Table 197 BY-PRODUCT GLYCERINE PRODUCTION BY REGION THROUGH 2012 (1,000 TONS)
    • BIO-BASED BULK (COMMODITY) CHEMICALS
      • Ethyl Lactate
      • Acetic Acid
      • Propionic Acid
      • Butyric Acid
      • Citric Acid
      • Vitamin C
      • L- L-Glutamic Acid
      • OLEFINS
      • Propylene Glycol
      • Gluconic Acid
  • Table 198 DEMAND FOR BIO-BASED BULK PRODUCTS, THROUGH 2012 ($BILLIONS)
  • Table 198 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 198 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 198 (CONTINUED)
    • FINE (SPECIALTY) CHEMICALS
      • Biosurfactants
      • Lignin
      • Speciality Cellulose
      • Antioxidants
      • Biopesticides
  • Table 199 GLOBAL FINE (SPECIALTY) CHEMICALS BY TYPE/REGION, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS/YEAR)
    • FERMENTATION PRODUCTS (EXCLUDING BIOFUELS AND BIOPOLYMERS)
    • CRUDE ANTIBIOTICS
    • AMINO ACIDS
      • Lysine and Monosodium Glutamate (MSG)
    • ORGANIC ACIDS
    • ENZYMES
    • XANTHAN
    • VITAMINS
  • Table 200 GLOBAL MARKET FOR FERMENTATION PRODUCTS (EXCLUDING BIOFUELS AND BIOPOLYMERS) BY PRODUCT, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 200 (CONTINUED)
    • BIO-BASED POLYMER/PLASTIC MATERIALS
      • Polylactide Acid (PLA) Plastics
      • Starch-based Plastics
      • Poly-3-Hydroxybutyrate (PHB)
  • Table 201 GLOBAL DEMAND FOR BIOPOLYMER BY PRODUCT GROUP, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
    • NON-FOOD HERBAL/BOTANICALS PRODUCTS
    • TRADE
  • Table 202 TRADE IN CRUDE HERBAL/BOTANICALS, 2003-2007 ($ MILLION)
    • NORTH AMERICA
      • United States
      • Canada
    • EUROPE
      • France
      • Germany
    • ASIA
      • China and India
      • Australia
    • REST-OF-THE-WORLD
      • Africa
      • Argentina
      • Brazil
      • Chile
  • Table 203 DEMAND FOR NON-FOOD HERBAL/BOTANICALS BY PRODUCT GROUP/REGION, THROUGH 2012 ($MILLIONS)
    • BIOENERGY
  • Table 204 KEY REGIONAL RENEWABLE ENERGY INDICATORS
  • Table 205 DEMAND FOR BIOELECTRICITY BY TYPE, THROUGH 2012 (MW)
    • LARGE-SCALE THERMAL BIOMASS
      • United States
      • Asia/Latin America
      • Western Europe
  • Table 206 DEMAND FOR LARGE SCALE THERMAL BIOMASS POWER BY REGION, THROUGH 2012 (MW)
    • ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
      • North America
      • Europe
      • Eastern Europe
      • Asia
      • Australasia
      • South America
      • Africa/Middle East
  • Table 207 DEMAND FOR ANAEROBIC BIOMASS POWER BY REGION, THROUGH 2012 (MW)
    • LANDFILL GAS
      • North America
      • Western Europe
      • Eastern Europe
      • Asia
      • Australia
      • Latin America
      • Africa/Middle East
  • Table 208 DEMAND FOR LANDFILL BIOMASS POWER BY REGION, THROUGH 2012 (MW)
• VOLUME III
• TECHNOLOGY
  • INTRODUCTION
  • Figure 47 BIOREFINERY TECHNOLOGY PLATFORMS
    • DEMAND FOR BIOREFINERY BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM/ PRODUCT GROUP
  • Table 209 DEMAND FOR BIOREFINERY BY TYPE OF TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM/PRODUCT GROUP, THROUGH 2012 ($MILLIONS)
    • PHYSICO-CHEMICAL BIOREFINERY TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM
  • Table 210 DEMAND BY TYPE OF PHYSICO-CHEMICAL BIOREFINERY TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLION)
    • OIL EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGY
  • Figure 48 PHYSICO-CHEMICALS EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGY OF OIL FROM OILSEEDS
  • Table 211 FATTY ACID COMPOSITIONS (BY WEIGHT %) OF SELECTED OILS AND FATS
    • Pre-processing
    • Dehulling
    • Oil Recovery
    • Refining
  • OLEOCHEMICALS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
  • Figure 49 SCHEMATIC OF OLEOCHEMICAL PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
  • Figure 50 BASIC OLEOCHEMICALS (BOLD) AND DOWNSTREAM OLEOCHEMICALS AND DERIVATIVES (ITALICS BOLD) PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
  • Figure 51 TRANSESTERIFICATION AND EPOXIDATION, HYDROFORMYLATION AND METATHESIS REACTIONS
  • Table 212 OLEOCHEMICAL PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY BY TYPE, THROUGH 2012 ($MILLIONS)
  • Figure 52 BASIC OLEOCHEMICALS (BOLD) AND DOWNSTREAM OLEOCHEMICALS (ITALICS BOLD) PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
    • BIODIESEL PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
  • Figure 53 THE BIODIESEL PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY SCHEMATIC (LEFT AND FLOW DIAGRAM (RIGHT)
  • Figure 54 CHEMICAL PROCESSES FOR METHYL ESTER BIODIESEL
  • Figure 55 PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL BY ESTERIFICATION OF VEGETABLE OIL
    • Biodiesel Production ? (Continued)
  • Table 213 DEMAND FOR BIODIESEL BY TYPE OF PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
    • BASE CATALYZED TRANSESTERIFICATION BIODIESEL TECHNOLOGY
      • Mixing of Alcohol and Catalyst
      • Reaction
      • Separation
      • Alcohol Removal
      • Glycerin Neutralization
      • Methyl Ester Wash
      • Product Quality
  • Table 214 DEMAND FOR BIODIESEL BY TYPE OF CATALYTIC TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Figure 56 A SIMPLE BIODIESEL PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY FLOWCART
    • NON-FOOD HERBAL/BOTANICAL INGREDIENT EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGY
  • Figure 57 PROCESSES USED AND PRODUCTS FROM AROMATIC PLANTS PARTS/WHOLE
    • VALUE CHAIN IN THE NATURAL INGREDIENTS INDUSTRY
      • Large Volume Oils
      • Small Volume Oils
  • Figure 58 VALUE CHAIN IN THE NATURAL INGREDIENTS INDUSTRY
    • COLD PRESSING TECHNOLOGY
    • WATER EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGY
      • Water Maceration
      • Water/Steam Distillation
  • Figure 59 SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF A STEAM DISTILLATION UNIT
    • ENFLEURAGE TECHNOLOGY
    • LOW BIOLING SOLVENT EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGY
  • Figure 60 SOLVENT EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGIES 1-PRIMARY BOILING VESSEL; 2-TUBE HEAT EXCHANGER; 3-SECONDARY BOILING VESSEL; 4-CONDENSER/COOLER VESSEL.
  • Table 215 DEMAND FOR NON-FOOD HERBAL/BOTANICAL BY EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGY ($ MILLION)
    • DOWNSTREAM PROCESSING TECHNOLOGY OF NATURAL INGREDIENTS
    • DEMAND FOR VEGETABLE OILS BY EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGY
  • Figure 61 THE MAIN INDUSTRIAL USES OF ESSENTIAL OILS
    • Mechanical Press Extraction
    • Solvent Extraction
  • Table 216 DEMAND FOR VEGETABLE OIL BY SECONDARY EXTRACTION TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2012 (MILLION GALLONS)
    • PHYSICO-CHEMICAL BIOPOLYMER PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
  • Figure 62 BUILDING BLOCKS FOR POLYMERS BASED ON NATURAL OILS
  • Table 217 DEMAND FOR PHYSICO-CHEMICAL BIOPOLYMER TECHNOLOGY. THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
    • BIOLOGICAL TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM
  • Table 218 THE BIOREFINERY BIOLOGICAL CONVERSION/PRODUCTS OPTIONS, THROUGH 2012 ($ BILLIONS)
    • FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY
  • Figure 63 BIOCATALYSIS: THE BIOTECHNICAL SYNTHESIS OF END-PRODUCTS AND INTERMEDIATES FOR THE CHEMICAL, FUELS AND ENERGY INDUSTRY
  • Figure 64 SCHEMATIC OF A TYPICAL FERMENTATION PROCESS REACTOR
    • BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
      • Production Process
  • Table 219 DEMAND FOR BIOETHANOL BY PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY ($ MILLION)
    • BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM WHEAT BY MALTING AND FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY
  • Figure 65 PRODUCTION OF BIOETHANOL FROM WHEAT USING MALTING AND FERMENTATION
    • BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION USING CORN FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY
  • Figure 66 CORN ETHANOL PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
    • CORN WET MILLING TECHNOLOGY
    • CORN DRY MILLING TECHNOLOGY
    • SUGAR CANE OR SUGAR BEET USING FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY
  • Figure 67 PRODUCTION OF BIOETHANOL FROM SUGAR CANE OR SUGAR BEET
    • CELLULOSIC ETHANOL TECHNOLOGY (PRODUCTION FROM WOOD OR STRAW BY ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS AND FERMENTATION)
  • Figure 68 INTEGRATED CELLULOSIC ETHANOL BIOREFINERY
  • Figure 69 EXAMPLES OF PLANT RESIDUES AND ENERGY CROPS
  • Figure 70 PRODUCTION OF BIOETHANOL FROM WOOD OR STRAW BY ENZYMATIC HYDROLYSIS AND FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY
    • Cellulose Degradation and Conversion
    • Cellulose Structure and Hydrolysis Challenges
  • Figure 71 ARKENOL' S CONVERSION OF CELLULOSE/HEMICELLULOSE TO MIXED SUGARS (RIGHT) AND USING ARKENOL' S CONCENTRATED ACID HYDROLYSIS
  • Figure 72 CELLULOSE STRUCTURE
  • Figure 73 STEPS IN THE BIOCHEMICAL CONVERSION OF CELLULOSE TO ETHANOL
    • PRETREATMENT
    • HYDROLYSIS
  • Table 220 CELLULOSIC ETHANOL AND IMPACTS
  • Table 220 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 221 CELLULOSIC ETHANOL PRIMARY MARKETS AND PRODUCTS
    • BIOETHANOL PRODUCTION FROM WOOD OF STRAW USING ACID HYDROLYSIS AND FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY
  • Figure 74 PRODUCTION OF BIOETHANOL FROM WOOD STRAW BY ACID HYDROLYSIS AND FERMENTATION TECHNOLOGY
    • BIOETHANOL DEHYDRATION TECHNOLOGY
      • Azeotropic Distillation
      • Molecular Sieve
      • Membrane Technology
  • Figure 75 ETHANOL DEHYDRATION USING MEMBRANE TECHNOLOGY
  • Table 222 DEMAND FOR BIOETHANOL BY PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2012 (MILLION GALLONS)
    • BIOMETHANOL PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
  • Figure 76 THE BIOMETHANOL PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
    • Biomass
    • Syngas
  • Table 223 DEMAND FOR BIOMETHANOL BY PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLION)
    • BIOBUTANOL
      • Propylene and Syngas Technology
  • Figure 77 PROPYLENE AND SYNGAS N-BUTANOL PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
    • Biomass (Fermentation Technology)
  • Table 224 DEMAND FOR BIOBUTANOL BY TYPE OF PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLION)
    • BIOPOLYMER PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
  • Figure 78 STARCH POLYMER PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
  • Table 225 BIO-BASED POLYMER PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
    • Plastics Directly From Plants
  • PRODUCTION OF PLA FROM BIOMASS
  • Figure 79 PRODUCTION OF PLA FROM BIOMASS
    • PRODUCTION OF PDO
  • Figure 80 BIO-BASED ROUTES TO PDO
    • PRODUCTION OF PTT FROM PDO AND PTA OR DMT
  • Figure 81 PTT PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGIES
  • Table 226 FERMENTATION BIOTRANSFORMATION POLYMER TECHNOLOGY ($ MILLION)
  • Table 226 (CONTINUED)
    • THERMOCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM
  • Table 227 THERMOCHEMICAL TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM CONVERSION/PRODUCTS OPTIONS, THROUGH 2012
    • BIOGAS PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
  • Table 228 DEMAND FOR BIOGAS ENERGY BY TYPE ($ MILLIONS)
    • ANAEROBIC DIGESTION
  • Figure 82 ANAEROBIC DIGESTION TECHNOLOGIES
    • Manure Digesters
    • Wastewater
    • Landfill Gas
  • Table 229 DEMAND FOR BIOMASS DIGESTER BY SOURCE ($ MILLIONS)
    • DIGESTER REACTOR TECHNOLOGY
  • Figure 83 DIGESTER FROM INSIDE
    • Covered Lagoon Digester
    • Complete Mix Digester
    • Plug-Flow Digester
  • Table 230 DEMAND FOR BIOMASS DIGESTER BY REACTOR TYPE, THROUGH 2012 ($ BILLIONS)
    • GASIFICATION AND FISCHER-TROPSCH TECHNOLOGY
  • Figure 84 PRODUCTION OF BIODIESEL BY GASIFICATION AND FISCHER-TROPSCH TECHNOLOGY
  • Figure 85 SYNTHESIS GAS-TO-LIQUIDS PROCESSES
  • Figure 86 BIOMASS THERMOCHEMICAL CONVERSION FOR FUELS AND CHEMICALS
  • Figure 87 TYPES BIOMASS GASIFICATION SCHEMES AVAILABLE FROM MANUFACTURES
    • COMMODITY CHEMICALS CONSIDERED FOR PRODUCTION VIA THERMOCHEMICAL PLATFORM
      • Low Energy Gas
      • Circulating Fluidized Bed Units
      • Combined Cycle Gas Turbines
      • Fuel Cells
      • Cofiring
      • Cogeneration
  • Table 231 COMMODITY CHEMICALS CONSIDERED FOR PRODUCTION VIA THERMOCHEMICAL PLATFORM, THROUGH 2012
    • BIOHYDROGEN PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
  • Figure 88 PATHWAYS FROM BIOMASS TO HYDROGEN (STORABLE INTERMEDIATES ARE SHOWN IN BOXES)
    • BIOENERGY PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY
  • Figure 89 CONVERSION OF BIOMASS TO ELECTRICITY
    • Pellets and Briquettes
    • Charcoal
    • Wood
  • Table 232 BIOENERGY PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY BY TYPE, THROUGH 2012
    • INDUSTRIAL BIOMASS COMBUSTION
  • Figure 90 FURNACE TECHNOLOGIES
  • Figure 91 BIOMASS BOILER TECHNOLOGIES
    • DIRECT COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY
  • Figure 92 DIRECT COMBUSTION TECHNOLOGY
    • PYROLYSIS TECHNOLOGY
  • Figure 93 PYROLITIC REACTOR TECHNOLOGY
    • GAS TURBINE GENERATING UNIT
  • Figure 94 SIMPLE GAS TURBINE TECHNOLOGY
    • COMBINED-CYCLE GENERATING UNIT
  • Figure 95 THE COMBINED-CYCLE GENERATION TECHNOLOGY
  • Table 233 DEMAND FOR BIOENERGY PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY BY TYPE OF FACILITY, THROUGH 2012 ($ MILLIONS)
    • BIOREFINERY TECHNOLOGY INVESTMENT BY TYPE OF PRIVATE COMPANY
      • ABB
      • Archer Daniels Midland
      • American Electric Power
      • Air Products and Chemicals
      • ALCOA
      • Baxter
      • DTE Energy
      • ComEd
      • Georgia-Pacific
      • IBM
      • Interface Inc.
      • Ontario Power Generation
      • PG&E
      • Rio Tinto
      • Royal Dutch/Shell
      • SC Johnson
      • Agri-Ethanol Products Services
      • BP
      • DuPont
      • Aventin IPO
      • Ultra Soy of America LLC
      • VeraSun Energy Corporation
      • Infinity Bio-Energy
      • Momentum Biofuels
      • De Beers Fuel Ltd
      • Greenergy Fuels and Tesco
      • Ineos Enterprises
      • Louis Dreyfus Agriculture Industries LLC
      • Pacific Ethanol
      • Mascoma
      • Iogen Corp
      • Altra
      • Brion Companies
      • Xethanol Corporation
      • Dyadic International, Inc.
      • White Energy Hereford LLC
      • Diversa
      • Beraca Ingredients
      • IFP
      • Mascoma
      • Alternative Energy Sources, Inc
      • Abengoa
      • Archer Daniels Midland
      • BRI Energy
      • BlueFire
      • Broin
      • Celunol
      • Ceres
      • Colusa
      • Diversa
      • Dyadic
      • Genahol
      • Globex
      • Green Star Products Inc.
      • Kergy
      • Mascoma
      • Nova Fuels (maker of Novahol)
      • Novozymes
      • PureEnergy
      • SunOpta
      • Virgin Fuels
      • Xethanol
      • Green Plains Renewable Energy
      • Ethanex Energy, Inc
      • Biorefining, Inc.
      • Petrobras
      • Mascoma
      • Biofuels Corporation
      • Greenergy
      • Broin Companies
      • SunOpta BioProcess Group
      • GreenField Ethanol
      • Renewable Energy
      • Seattle Biodiesel
      • Greenshift Corporation
      • Cornell University
      • Oleon
      • SunOpta
      • GreenField Ethanol
      • Pioneer Bio Industries Corp Sdn Bhd
      • Imperium Renewables
      • Goldman Sachs
      • Aquaflow Bionomic Corporation
      • Bill and Melinda Gates Foundation
      • British Petroleum (BP)
      • Diversified Natural Products (DNP)
      • Global Climate and Energy Project (GCEP)
      • Petrobras
      • Pacific Ethanol
      • Bioverda
      • Infinity Bio-Energy
      • Nice Group
      • Kinder Morgan Energy Partners
      • The Donald Danforth Plant Science Center
      • Marubeni Corporation
      • Imperium Renewables, Inc
      • O2Diesel Corporation
      • Natural Fuels
      • Chevron Technology Ventures LLC
      • AstraZeneca (AZ)
      • Marubeni Corporation
      • NanoLogix
      • Ultra Soy of America LLC
      • BASF
      • Syngenta
      • Ultra Soy of America, LLC
  • Table 234 TOTAL CAPITAL SPENDING BY MAJOR BIOREFINERY INFRASTRUCTURE COMPANY, THROUGH 2007 ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 234 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 234 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 234 (CONTINUED)
    • R & D SPENDING BY MAJOR BIOREFINERY INFRASTRUCTURE COMPANY
      • R & D SPENDING BY MAJOR?(CONTINUED)
      • R & D SPENDING BY MAJOR?(CONTINUED)
        • Dyadic International
        • 3M
        • Cytec Industries
        • Ferro
        • H.B. Fuller
        • DuPont
        • Genencor
        • Diversa
        • BASF
        • Celunol
        • Human BioSystems
        • Huntsman
        • Syngenta
  • Table 235 TOTAL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT SPENDING BY MAJOR COMPANIES, THROUGH 2007 ($ BILLIONS)
  • Table 235 (CONTINUED)
    • TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
  • Table 236 TECHNOLOGY DEVELOPMENT
  • Table 236 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 236 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 236 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 236 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 236 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 236 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 236 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 236 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 236 (CONTINUED)
    • IMPORTANT DEVELOPMENTS FOR BIOREFINERY PRODUCTS APPLICATIONS
  • Table 237 IMPORTANT DEVELOPMENTS FOR THE BIOREFINERY PRODUCTS APPLICATIONS
  • Table 237 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 237 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 237 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 237 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 237 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 237 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 237 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 237 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 237 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 237 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 237 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 237 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 237 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 237 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 237 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 237 (CONTINUED)
    • PROCESS DEVELOPMENT/IMPORTANT APPROACH
  • Table 238 PROCESS DEVELOPMENT
  • Table 238 (CONTINUED)
    • BIOREFINERY TECHNOLOGY ACTIVITIES
  • Table 239 BIOREFINERY TECHNOLOGY ACTIVITIES
  • Table 239 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 239 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 239 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 239 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 239 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 239 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 239 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 239 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 239 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 239 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 239 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 239 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 239 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 239 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 239 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 239 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 239 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 239 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 239 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 239 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 239 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 239 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 239 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 239 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 240 CELLULOSIC ETHANOL TECHNOLOGY ACTIVITIES
  • Table 240 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 240 (CONTINUED)
    • PATENTS EVALUATION
  • Table 241 INTERNATIONAL PATENTS (BASED ORIGINAL COUNTRY OF APPLICATION (PRIORITY FILLING COUNTRY) OF FIRST PUBLISHED DOCUMENT, THROUGH 2006
    • GOVERNMENT RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT SPENDING BY REGION/COUNTRY
  • Table 242 GLOBAL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT SPENDING BY REGION, THROUGH 2012 ($ BILLIONS)
    • SOURCE OF GLOBAL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT FUNDS BY COUNTRY (2005)
      • Source of Global Research &?(Continued)
  • Table 243 SOURCE OF GLOBAL RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT FUNDS BY COUNTRY, 2005
    • UNITED STATES
      • United States (Continued)
    • MASTER LIST
    • HALF THE HARVEST
    • SHOCK WAVES
    • PLUG-IN CARS
  • Figure 96 THE UNITED STATES BIOMASS INITIATIVE TIMELINE
    • The U.S. Federal Budget Process and Biomass Initiative Funding
      • I. The National Biomass Initiative and the Federal Budget Process
  • Table 244 JOINT SOLICITATION FUNDING BY TECHNICAL AREA (%)
    • II. The Federal Budget Process
  • Table 245 APPROPRIATION SUBCOMMITTEES THAT ALLOCATE BIOMASS FUNDING
    • III. Funding History of the Biomass Initiative
  • Table 246 USDA/DOE JOINT SOLICITATION FUNDING, THROUGH 2006 (DOLLARS)
    • United States Department of Agriculture
      • Agricultural Research Service (ARS)
      • Cooperative State Research Education and Extension Service (CSREES)
      • Farm Service Agency (FSA)
      • Forest Service (FS)
      • Natural Resources and Conservation Service (NRCS)
      • Rural Development (RD)
  • Table 247 USDA FUNDING FOR BIOMASS ACTIVITIES, THROUGH 2006 ($ MILLIONS)
    • United States Department of Energy
  • Table 248 USDOE FUNDING FOR BIOMASS ACTIVITIES, THROUGH 2006 ($ MILLIONS)
    • Program Organization - Platforms and Pathways
    • Pathways
      • Pathways (Continued)
  • Table 249 BIOMASS PROGRAM TECHNOLOGY PLATFORMS
    • Biofuels Research & Development Grants
  • Table 250 USDA AND DOE BIOMASS RESEARCH AND DEVELOPMENT GRANTS ANNOUNCED ON OCTOBER 11, 2006 ($)
  • Table 250 (CONTINUED)
    • USDA RENEWABLE ENERGY PROPOSALS
      • U.S. DOE Cellulosic Ethanol Funding
  • Table 251 USDOE CELLULOSIC BIOREFINERY GRANTS ($ MILLIONS)
  • Table 251 (CONTINUED)
  • Table 251 (CONTINUED)
    • Roadmap for Development of Cellulosic Ethanol Production
    • U.S. Department of Energy (DOE) Support for Cellulosic Biorefineries in the United States
  • CANADA
    • Size of the Canadian Energy Market
  • Table 252 MEASURES IMPLEMENTED BY DIFFERENT CANADIAN PROVINCES
    • Canadian Government Support to Advance Development of Cellulosic Ethanol
  • EUROPE
    • Policy Context
    • Major Technological Challenge
    • The Biofuels Technology Platform
  • Table 253 STAKEHOLDERS INVOLVED IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF EU BIOFUELS
    • TENTATIVE TIMESCALE FOR THE DEVELOPMENT OF THE EU BIOFUELS TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM
  • Table 254 TIMETABLE FOR EU BIOFUELS TECHNOLOGY PLATFORM IMPLEMENTATION
    • Key Elements of the EU Biofuels Technology Platform
      • Different Types of Biofuels Technologies
      • Agricultural-Forestry policy
      • Fuel Standards and Car Performances
      • Changes in Present Fuel Supply
      • Imports from Other Regions vs. Development of a European Biofuel Industry
  • Table 255 PROGRESS TOWARDS EU AND MEMBER STATES' BIOFUELS TARGET, 2003-2010
  • Figure 97 COMPARISON BETWEEN CURRENT TREND AND WHITE PAPER OBJECTIVES, 2000-2012
    • Biomass- Spearheading Renewable Energy Commitments
  • Figure 98 EU WHITE PAPER ON BIOMASS
    • Biomass Electricity Growth in Europe
    • Political Will Mandatory to Sustain Growth Momentum
    • Barriers to Market Growth
  • Figure 99 THE BIOMASS POWER PLANTS MARKET
    • EU NATIONAL INDICATIVE TARGETS AND CORRESPONDING FUEL USE
      • EU National Indicative?(Continued)
  • Table 256 EU NATIONAL INDICATIVE TARGETS AND CORRESPONDING FUEL USE
    • SHARE OF ALLOCATIONS FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY IN TOTAL EU FUNDING 2007 TO 2013
  • Figure 100 SHARE OF ALLOCATIONS FOR ENERGY EFFICIENCY AND RENEWABLE ENERGY IN TOTAL EU FUNDING 2007 TO 2013
    • EU-25 WIDE FUNDING PROGRAMS FOR BIOMATERIALS, BIOENERGY AND BIOFUELS
  • Table 257 EU-25 WIDE FUNDING PROGRAMS FOR BIOMATERIALS, BIOENERGY AND BIOFUELS
  • Table 257 (CONTINUED)
    • ASIA
      • Strategic Development of Biomass-Asia
  • Figure 101 DIAGRAM OF BIOMASS-ASIA OUTLINE
    • Strategic Development of?(Continued)
      • Japan
  • Table 258 JAPANESE GOVERNMENT RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT BUDGET (¥ TRILLION)
    • Korea
    • India
    • China
    • China vs U.S.
      • MALAYSIA
      • THAILAND
      • INDONESIA
      • ROW
  • Table 259 PEOPLE RELYING ON TRADITIONAL BIOMASS (MILLIONS)
    • Latin America
    • Brazil
      • Brazil (Continued)
    • Africa
      • Africa (Continued)
  • Table 260 ROW GOVERNMENT RESEARCH & DEVELOPMENT BUDGET ($ MILLIONS)
• COMPANY PROFILES
  • AGENCIES/ ASSOCIATIONS
    • INTERNATIONAL SUGAR ORGANIZATION (ISO)
    • CANADIAN RENEWABLE FUELS ASSOCIATION
    • THE BIOTECHNOLOGY INDUSTRY ORGANIZATION (BIO)
    • THE EUROPEAN BIODIESEL BOARD
    • THE NATIONAL CORN GROWERS ASSOCIATION
    • THE UNITED STATES COMBINED HEAT & POWER ASSOCIATION (USCHPA)
    • SOUTHERN AFRICA BIOFUELS ASSOCIATION
    • FEDERAL BIOBASED PREFERRED PROCUREMENT PROGRAM
    • THE IRISH COMBINED HEAT & POWER ASSOCIATION
    • EBIO
    • UEPA
    • EUROPEAN FUELS OXYGENATE ASSOCIATION (EFOA)
    • EUROPABIO
    • EUBIA
    • THE LOW-CARBON VEHICLE PARTNERSHIP
    • THE EUROPEAN ASSOCIATION OF BIOINDUSTRIES
  • FINANCE
    • RABOBANK
  • BIO-BASED CHEMICALS AND BIOPOLYMERS / BIOMATERIALS
    • EASTMAN CHEMICAL
    • DUPONT
    • DUPONT BIOFUELS
    • GBF-ENVIRONMENTAL BIOCHEMICAL ENGINEERING
    • SHOWA HIGHPOLYMER CO. LTD
    • DAINIPPONN INK AND CHEMICALS INC. (DIC)
    • SOLVAY CAPROLACTONES
    • UNION CARBIDE
    • MONSANTO COMPANY
    • BASF CORP., PLASTICS
    • CARGILL DOW LLC
    • METABOLIX INC.
    • MITSUBISHI GAS CHEMICAL
    • NOVAMONT S.P.A
    • CORTEC CORPORATION
    • APACK
    • NESTE CORPORATE TECHNOLOGY
    • CARGILL DOW POLYMERS LLC
    • BIOTEC GMBH
    • NOVON INTERNATIONAL
    • PLAST OG GUMMI STABI
    • NATIONAL STARCH & CHEMICAL
    • NOREL
    • PLASTIC MUSEUM
    • PROCTER & GAMBLE
    • AVEBE GROUP
    • SOLANIC
  • ENZYME AND ENZYME PRODUCTS COMPANIES
    • DIVERSIFIED NATURAL PRODUCTS (DNP)
    • PHYTOMEDICS INC.
    • GENENCOR INTERNATIONAL
    • SYNGENTA
    • DIVERSA
    • CODEXIS
    • BBI INTERNATIONAL
    • DYADIC INTERNATIONAL
  • BIOETHANOL PRODUCERS
    • ARCHER DANIELS MIDLANDS
    • BROIN
    • BRITISH PETROLEUM
    • PACIFIC ETHANOL
    • NOVOZYMES
  • CERTIFICATION, INSPECTION AND FINANCE
    • INTERTEK
    • RABOBANK INTERNATIONAL
    • SGS SA
    • VOGELBUSCH GMBH
  • BIOPOWER COMPANIES
    • FIRMGREEN ENERGY, INC. (FGE)
    • FIRST NATIONAL POWER CORP. (FNPR)
    • FUEL CAT LTD
    • FRASER VALLEY AGPOWER INC.
    • GEM CANADA WASTE TO ENERGY INC
    • GENERAL ELECTRIC
  • BIODIESEL PRODUCERS
    • BIOVERDA
    • DESMET BALLESTRA
    • GLOBAL BIO-DIESEL SDN BHD
    • BRAZIL ECODIESEL INDUSTRIA E COMERCIO DE BIOCOMBUSTIVEIS E OLEOS VEGETAIS S.A.
  • FERMENTATION PRODUCTS
    • IOGEN
    • GS CLEAN TECH
    • SUNOPTA
    • ARCHER DANIELS MIDLAND COMPANY
    • METABOLIX, INC.
    • ALFA LAVAL
    • AGROETANOL
    • GENESIS TECHNOLOGIES
    • GESTION DE ACEITES VEGETALES, SL (GAVE)
    • MOMENTUM BIOFUELS
    • ULTRA SOY OF AMERICA, LLC
    • VERASUN ENERGY CORPORATION
    • E-BIOFUELS, LLC
    • ADVANCED BIOREFINERY INC
    • GIT ASSOCIATES
    • GLOBAL ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES, INC (GES)
    • PACIFIC BIODIESEL, INC.
    • IMPERIUM RENEWABLES
    • BORINGQUEN FOREST CORP
    • CARGILL INDUSTRIAL OILS & LUBRICANTS
    • COSAN
    • MASCOMA CORPORATION
    • NESTE OIL CORPORATION
    • WORLD ENERGY ALTERNATIVES, LLC
    • MKS INSTRUMENTS
  • BIOPHARMACEUTICALS
    • NABI BIOPHARMACEUTICALS
    • CHOREN INDUSTRIES GMBH
    • AMEC
    • BIOFUELS CORPORATION TRADING LIMITED
    • INFINITY BIO-ENERGY
    • PETROBRAS
    • BROIN COMPANIES
    • XENTHOL CORPORATION
    • NORTH AMERICA BIOFUELS COMPANY (NABFC)
    • PIEDMONT BIOFUELS
    • SPECIALTY ENZYMES AND BIOCHEMICALS CO.
  • RESEARCH INSTITUTES AND UNIVERSITIES
    • CORNELL UNIVERSITY
    • UNIVERSITY OF MANCHESTER
    • BIOMASS ENERGY RESOURCE CENTER, INC.
    • ANKUR SCIENTIFIC ENERGY TECHNOLOGIES PVT LTD
    • UNITED ENGINEERING (EASTERN) CORPORATION
    • PB POWER
    • ABWASSER UND ABFALLTECHNIK GMBH & CO
    • ALPHA UMWELTTECHNIK AG
    • AUSTRIAN BIOFUELS INSTITUTE
    • BIOMASS SYNGAS DEVELOPMENT, INC.
    • BIOMASS TECHNOLOGY GROUP BV
    • BIOTECHNISCHE ABFALLVERWERTUNG GMBH & CO KG
      • Biogas Plants, Process for Anaerobic Digestion of Biowaste
    • HUMAN BIOSYSTEMS
    • MICROGY
      • Microgy (Continued)