ワクチン技術と世界市場

Abstract

INTRODUCTION

Through the late 1980s, the vaccine market was beset by limited portfolios and profitability. Recent technological breakthroughs in understanding disease mechanisms, probably necessitated by pandemics and vaccine shortages, have provided momentum for research in the past decade or so. This is apparent from the increased research, patent, and regulatory activity in this area. Breakthroughs in molecular biology, immunology, and computing promise a bright future for the treatment of not only infectious diseases but also for treatment of conditions such as chronic infections, cancer, autoimmune diseases, allergies, and even nicotine addiction and high blood pressure using vaccine technologies. Advances are also being made in almost all adjunct areas of vaccine research, such as the mode of delivery, use of combination vaccines, vaccine adjuvants, and vaccine manufacturing.

The market has also witnessed significant strategic alliance activity, changes in centers of manufacture, and an increase in the importance of hitherto small (such as adult vaccines) or nonexistent (therapeutic) segments.

Most of all, international health agencies have recognized the importance of disease prevention and stupendous funding is being channelized into research, purchase, and administration of vaccines.

SCOPE OF STUDY

This report contains:

• Descriptions of various human and veterinary vaccines that treat infectious diseases, chronic infections, cancer, auto-immune diseases, allergies, high blood pressure and addictions
• The current market status of the vaccine industry, with trends and forecasts for growth over the next 5 years
• The latest vaccine research findings in prophylactic and therapeutic areas
• Analysis of significant vaccine-related patents in the Unites States and Europe
• An overview of the regulatory environment.

INFORMATION SOURCES

Data were compiled from industry experts and other stakeholders as well as various secondary sources such as government, nongovernment industry stakeholders, technology and market publications, and other public research data sources.

Table of Contents

• Vaccine Technologies and Global Markets
• Chapter 1 - SUMMARY
  • SUMMARY TABLE: GLOBAL VACCINE MARKET: REVENUE FORECAST BY TECHNOLOGY SEGMENTS THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
  • SUMMARY FIGURE: GLOBAL VACCINE MARKET: REVENUE FORECAST BY TECHNOLOGY SEGMENTS 2003-2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• Chapter 2 - OVERVIEW
  • VACCINE DEFINITION
  • TABLE 1 EXISTING HUMAN VACCINES IN THE GLOBAL MARKET
    • HISTORY
  • TABLE 2 HUMAN VACCINES: MORBIDITY AND DEVELOPMENT
  • TABLE 2 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 2 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 2 (CONTINUED)
    • CLASSIFICATION OF VACCINES BY IMMUNOGEN
      • INACTIVATED OR ATTENUATED
      • TOXOID
      • LIVE AVIRULENT BACTERIN
      • SUBUNIT VACCINES
      • CONJUGATE VACCINES
      • DNA VACCINES
      • RECOMBINANT VECTOR VACCINES
  • CLASSIFICATION OF VACCINES BY APPLICATION
    • PROPHYLACTIC VACCINES
      • Polio Vaccines
      • Funding Scenario
  • TABLE 3 FUNDING SCENARIO FOR ERADICATING POLIO ($ MILLIONS)
  • TABLE 4 TYPES OF POLIO VACCINES
    • Rotavirus Vaccines
    • Typhoid Vaccine
      • Oral Typhoid Vaccine (Ty21a)
    • Varicella Vaccines
    • Hepatitis B Vaccine
    • Hib Vaccine
  • TABLE 5 VARIOUS FORMULATIONS OF HIB VACCINE
  • TABLE 6 COMBINATIONS OF HEP B AND HIB
    • Influenza
      • Cost-Effectiveness of Influenza Vaccination
  • TABLE 7 LOSS DUE TO HUMAN INFLUENZA MORBIDITY
    • Influenza Recommendation for China
  • TABLE 8 CHINESE GOVERNMENT RECOMMENDATION FOR FLU VACCINATION
  • TABLE 9 DOSE REQUIREMENT IN CHINA-FLU VACCINES, 2002-2006 (MILLION DOSES)
  • TABLE 10 SEASONAL INFLUENZA VACCINE PRODUCTION ESTIMATES
    • THERAPEUTIC VACCINES
      • Cancer Vaccines
      • Antigen/Adjuvant Vaccines
      • Whole Cell Tumor Vaccines
      • Dendritic Cell (DC) Vaccines
      • Viral Vectors and DNA Vaccines
      • Idiotype Vaccines
        • Idiotype Vaccines (Continued)
      • Quality Control and Release Testing
      • Sterility Testing
  • TABLE 11 CANCER VACCINES IN DEVELOPMENT
  • TABLE 11 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 12 PROTEIN- OR PEPTIDE-BASED CANCER VACCINES IN CLINICAL DEVELOPMENT
  • TABLE 13 CELL-BASED VACCINES IN DEVELOPMENT
    • Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV)
      • Human ý (Continued)
  • TABLE 14 VACCINES IN DEVELOPMENT FOR HIV
    • Malaria Vaccines
      • Challenges in Developing a Malaria Vaccine
  • TABLE 15 VACCINES IN DEVELOPMENT FOR MALARIA
  • TABLE 15 (CONTINUED)
    • COMBINATION VACCINES
      • CONCERNS WITH COMBINATION VACCINES
  • TABLE 16 ADVANTAGES OF COMBINATION VACCINES
    • ANIMAL VACCINES
      • ANIMAL VACCINES (CONTINUED)
        • CLASSIFICATION OF VETERINARY VACCINES
  • FIGURE 1 TYPES OF ANIMAL VACCINES
    • Feline Vaccines
  • TABLE 17 FACTORS DETERMINING CHOICE OF FELINE VACCINE
    • Routine Feline Vaccines
    • Canine Core Vaccines
    • Canine Noncore Vaccines10
  • POULTRY VACCINES
    • Live, Attenuated Vaccines
    • Inactivated Vaccines
  • TABLE 18 VACCINE ADMINISTRATION METHODS FOR POULTRY
  • TABLE 19 CLASSIFICATION BASED ON THE ROUTE OF ADMINISTRATION
  • TABLE 20 COMMERCIAL POULTRY VACCINES
  • TABLE 20 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 20 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 20 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 20 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 20 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 20 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 20 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 20 (CONTINUED)
    • AQUACULTURE VACCINES
  • TABLE 21 VACCINES LICENSED FOR AQUACULTURE WORLDWIDE
  • TABLE 21 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 22 AQUACULTURE NEEDS - REGION BASED
  • TABLE 22 (CONTINUED)
    • VACCINATION SCHEDULE
  • TABLE 23 EFFECT OF MODIFICATION OF VACINATION SCHEDULES
    • RISKS OF CHANGES TO SCHEDULES
    • DESIGNING AN IMMUNIZATION SCHEDULE
    • ISSUES TO BE CONSIDERED WHILE PLANNING TO INTRODUCE A NEW VACCINE
      • Disease Burden and Cost
      • Epidemiology of the Disease and Morbidity and Mortality
  • TABLE 24 VACCINE DELIVERY: TECHNOLOGY IMPACT THROUGH MODIFICATION OF IMMUNIZATION SERVICES
    • VACCINE ADVERSE REACTIONS
  • TABLE 25 COMMON ADVERSE REACTIONS
    • VACCINE SAFETY DATALINK (VSD) PROJECT
  • TABLE 26 MANAGED CARE ORGANIZATION (MCO) SITES
  • TABLE 27 SIGNIFICANT CORRELATIONS BETWEEN VACCINES AND ADVERSE REACTIONS
  • TABLE 28 CURRENT PRIORITY STUDIES
    • RAPID CYCLE ANALYSIS (RCA) PROJECT
    • VACCINE SAFETY RESEARCH
  • TABLE 29 RESEARCH ACTIVITIES OF THE CDC OFFICE OF SCIENCE COORDINATION AND INNOVATION
    • REPORTING SIDE EFFECTS
    • THE VACCINE ADVERSE EVENT REPORTING SYSTEM (VAERS)
  • TABLE 30 ADVERSE EVENT INFORMATION FROM VAERS
  • TABLE 30 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 31 ADVERSE EVENTS WITH VACCINES
  • TABLE 32 COMMON SIDE EFFECTS OF VACCINES
  • TABLE 33 COMPONENTS AND VACCINES THAT INCREASE IGE LEVELS
  • TABLE 34 SIDE EFFECTS OF SOME COMPONENTS OF VACCINES
  • TABLE 34 (CONTINUED)
    • Aluminum
  • TABLE 35 SIDE EFFECTS OF ALUMINUM IN VACCINES
    • VACCINE CONCERNS
      • Thimerosal (Ethylmercury) as an Additive in Vaccines
      • Unsubstantiated Link between MMR Vaccine and Autism
• Chapter 3 - VACCINE TECHNOLOGY REVIEW
  • VACCINE MANUFACTURE - AN OVERVIEW
    • ESSENTIAL COMPONENTS FOR SUCCESSFUL DEVELOPMENT OF A LARGE-SCALE MANUFACTURING PROCESS
    • CELL CULTURE-BASED VACCINE PRODUCTION
      • Advantages of Cell Culture Technologies over Egg-based Manufacturing Methods.
    • REVERSE GENETICS MANUFACTURING
    • GENETIC REASSORTMENT
    • PLANT-BASED VACCINE MANUFACTURING
    • OVERVIEW OF CURRENT GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES (CGMPS)
  • TABLE 36 VACCINE MANUFACTURING PROCESSES AND THEIR IMPERATIVES
  • TABLE 37 TENTATIVE TIMEFRAME OF VACCINE PRODUCTION PROCESS
• VACCINE MEDIA
  • TABLE 38 VACCINE PRODUCTION - CELL CULTURE
    • Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney (MDBK) Media
    • M 3553 - Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney Growth Medium Serum-Free (MDBK-GM-SF)
    • M 0682 Madin-Darby Bovine Kidney Maintenance Medium (MDBK-MM-PF)
    • Madin-Darby Canine Kidney (MDCK) Media
  • TABLE 39 ADVANTAGES OVER TRADITIONAL SERUM SUPPLEMENTED MEDIA
    • M 3803 - Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Medium
    • M 3678 Madin-Darby Canine Kidney Medium
    • Titerhigh Chick Embryo Fibroblast (CEF) Medium
    • Titerhigh Chick Embryo Fibroblast (CEF) Medium
  • VACCINE COMPANION PRODUCTS AND MEDIUM SUPPLEMENTS
    • Antioxidant Supplement (1000x)
    • Cell Freezing Medium-DMSO
    • Dulbecco' s Phosphate Buffered Saline Modified
    • Dulbecco' s Phosphate Buffered Saline (D-PBS)
    • L-Glutamine Solution, 200 Mm
    • Hank' s Balanced Salt Solution Modified
    • Polyamine Supplement (1,000x)
    • Trypsin-EDTA Solution (1x)
    • Trypsin Inhibitor Solution (1x)
  • VACCINE PURIFICATION
    • CHROMATOGRAPHY - VACCINE PURIFICATION
    • PLASMID PURIFICATION
      • Disposable Technologies Enhance Plasmid Purification
  • STEPS FOR CLINICAL STUDIES
  • PRECLINICAL SAFETY TESTING
    • Candidate Vaccines: Preclinical Safety Testing
    • Qualification of Testing Facility: Good Laboratory Practices (GLP)-Capable Facility
      • Protocol Design
        • Protocol � (Continued)
        • Protocol � (Continued)
        • Protocol � (Continued)
    • VACCINE ADJUVANTS
  • TABLE 40 ADVANTAGES OF ADJUVANTS
  • TABLE 41 DEFINITIVE IMPACT OF ADJUVANTS
    • ALUMINIUM ADJUVANTS
  • TABLE 42 VACCINES WITH ALUMINUM ADJUVANTS
  • TABLE 43 ADJUVANT TYPES
    • COLD CHAIN SYSTEMS
      • TEMPERATURE MONITORING
  • FIGURE 2 A TYPICAL COLD CHAIN
  • TABLE 44 EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON VACCINES
  • TABLE 45 VACCINE STORAGE GUIDELINES
  • TABLE 46 PREVENTIVE MEASURES TO PREVENT MISHAP
  • TABLE 47 VACCINE INVENTORY CONTROL
    • VACCINE VIAL MONITORS
    • ACTIVE AND PASSIVE COLD CHAIN SYSTEMS
      • Active and Passive Cold ý (Continued)
  • PATENT ANALYSIS
  • TABLE 48 MAJOR U.S. PATENTS ISSUED FOR VACCINES
  • TABLE 48 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 48 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 48 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 48 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 48 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 48 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 48 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 48 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 48 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 48 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 48 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 48 (CONTINUED)
  • FIGURE 3 U.S. PATENT TREND ANALYSIS: HUMAN AND ANIMAL VACCINE PATENTS, 2003-2007
  • FIGURE 4 EUROPEAN PATENT TREND ANALYSIS: HUMAN AND ANIMAL VACCINE PATENTS, 2003-2007
  • TABLE 49 USPTO - ANIMAL VACCINES, 2007
  • TABLE 49 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 50 EUROPEAN PATENTS, 2005-2007
  • TABLE 50 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 50 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 50 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 50 (CONTINUED)
• CLINICAL TRIALS
  • TABLE 51 COUNTRY ATTRACTIVENESS INDEX FOR CLINCIAL TRIALS, 2007
  • TABLE 52 PIPELINE CANDIDATES - VACCINES
• TUBERCULOSIS
  • 1. Study: T Cell Turnover Following Vaccination with MVA85A
  • 2. Study: Phase I Trial of an Ltk63 Adjuvated Tuberculosis Nasal Subunit Vaccine (Ag85b-Esat6) (Tmuva-01)
  • 3. Study: The Effect of Bacille Calmette Guerin (BCG) Vaccinatin on Immune Responses in HIV-Exposed and Unexposed Infants.
  • 3. Study: The Effect of ý (Continued)
  • 4. Study: The Safety and Immunogenicity of a TB Vaccine; MVA85A in Healthy Volunteers Who Are Infected with HIV
  • 5. Study: Screening of Healthy Volunteers for Clinical Trials of Vaccines to Prevent Infectious Diseases.
• HIV
  • 1. Study: Screening HIV-Infected Patients for Vaccine Studies
  • 2. Study: A Study of MVA85A in Asymptomatic Volunteers Infected with TB, HIV, or Both
  • 3. Study: Should Low Birth Weight Infants Be Vaccinated with BCG Vaccine at Birth in Developing Countries?
• CANCER
  • 1. Study: Vaccine Maintenance Treatment for Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer
  • 2. Study: Cancer Vaccine Study for Unresectable Stage III Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer
  • 3. Study: Safety, Immunogenicity and Preliminary Efficacy Study of Recombinant Human EGF-Rp64k/Montanide ISA 51 Vaccine for Patients with Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer (NSCLC) After Receiving Conventional First Line Chemotherapy.
  • 4. Study: Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients with Stage III, Stage IV, or Relapsed Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Treated with First Line Chemotherapy
  • 5. Study: DNP-Modified Autologous Tumor Cell Vaccine for Resectable Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer
  • 6. Study: Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients with Stage IIIB or Stage IV Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer Who Have Finished First Line Chemotherapy
  • 7. Study: Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients Who Are Undergoing Surgery for Stage IB, Stage II, or Stage IIIA Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer
  • 8. Study: Vaccine Therapy in Treating Patients with Advanced Refractory or Recurrent Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer
  • 9. Study: Vaccine Therapy and GM-CSF in Treating Patients with Acute Myeloid Leukemia, Myelodysplastic Syndromes, Nonsmall Cell Lung Cancer, or Mesothelioma
• RECENT TECHNOLOGICAL BREAKTHROUGHS
  • DNA VACCINES
    • DNA Vaccines (Continued)
    • DNA Vaccines (Continued)
  • Challenge Studies in Primates
  • TABLE 53 NEW AGE VACCINES FOR SPECIFIC DISEASES
    • MARKER VACCINES
      • Minimum Demands to Vaccination
      • Demands on the Companion Discriminatory Test
      • Marker Vaccines in Disease Control
      • Criterion for Use of Marker Vaccines
  • TABLE 54 ADVANTAGES OF THE USE OF MARKER VACCINES
  • TABLE 55 DISADVANTAGES OF THE USE OF MARKER VACCINES
    • Use of Marker Vaccines - Economical Considerations
  • TABLE 56 SIGNIFICANT RESEARCH WORK ON MARKER VACCINES
    • PROTEINS AS VACCINES IN THE FUTURE
• Chapter 4 - REGULATORY OVERVIEW
  • TABLE 57 NATIONAL REGULATORY AUTHORITIES (NRAS) AND NATIONAL CONTROL LABORATORIES (NCLS) IN COUNTRIES PRODUCING VACCINES PREQUALIFIED FOR PURCHASE BY UNITED NATIONS AGENCIES
  • TABLE 57 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 57 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 58 SOME GUIDELINES AND REQUIREMENTS RELEVANT TO EVALUATION OF VACCINES AND THEIR PUBLISHING AUTHORITIES
  • TABLE 58 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 58 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 58 (CONTINUED)
    • REGULATIONS GOVERNING HUMAN VACCINES IN THE UNITED STATES
  • FIGURE 5 OVRR - ORGANIZATION CHART
  • FIGURE 6 REGULATORY ISSUES UNDER OVRR' S AMBIT
  • FIGURE 7 STAGES OF REVIEW AND REGULATION
    • CMC DEVELOPMENT
      • CMC Development (Continued)
  • FIGURE 8 CMC DEVELOPMENT PROCESS
    • CURRENT GOOD MANUFACTURING PRACTICES (CGMPS)
    • REGULATION FOR PANDEMIC VACCINES
  • FIGURE 9 FDA ROLE THROUGHOUT PANDEMIC VACCINE DEVELOPMENT, EVALUATION, AND AVAILABILITY
  • TABLE 59 REGULATORY ISSUES IN VACCINE DEVELOPMENT IN THE U.S.
    • REGULATIONS GOVERNING VETERINARY VACCINES IN THE UNITED STATES
    • REGULATIONS GOVERNING VACCINES IN THE EUROPEAN UNION
      • PREPAREDNESS FOR PANDEMICS AND SPEEDING UP REGULATIONS
        • Highlights of European Preparedness for Pandemics or Other Emergencies
        • Highlights of U.S. Preparedness for Pandemics or Other Emergencies
  • OPPORTUNITIES TO OPTIMIZE THE REGULATORY PROCESS FOR VACCINES
  • OPPORTUNITIES TO OPTIMIZEý (CONTINUED)
• Chapter 5 - KEY TRENDS - GROWTH DRIVERS AND INHIBITORS
  • GROWTH DRIVERS
  • "OMICS" TECHNOLOGIES DRIVE THE VACCINE INDUSTRY
  • DEVELOPMENT OF TECHNOLOGIES THROUGHOUT VACCINE VALUE CHAIN
  • GREATER NUMBER OF VACCINES IN THE NEAR FUTURE
  • OFFSHORING AND LICENSING OPPORTUNITIES
• STRATEGIC ENTRY AND CONTRIBUTION OF LOCAL, REGIONAL PLAYERS
  • RECOGNITION OF DISEASE PREVENTION BY KEY INTERNATIONAL STAKEHOLDERS
  • ERADICATION, ELIMINATION, AND RESURGENCE OF DISEASE RELATED TO VACCINATION
  • INCREASE IN PUBLIC-PRIVATE PARTNERSHIPS FUELLING GROWTH OF THE INDUSTRY
  • RECOGNITION OF VACCINE INITIATIVES IN AUXILLIARY SYSTEMS
  • ANIMAL VACCINES STUDIES AID HUMAN VACCINE DEVELOPMENT
  • VACCINATION AS A BETTER ALTERNATIVE TO LIVESTOCK SLAUGHTER
• GROWTH INHIBITORS
  • TECHNICAL BARRIERS
  • REGULATORY BARRIERS
    • PATENT EXPIRY ISSUES
  • COMPLEXITY OF VACCINE DISTRIBUTION
  • GEOGRAPHICAL DIFFERENCES
  • NEED FOR SKILLED PERSONNEL AND/OR TRAINING
  • LACK OF INVOLVEMENT FROM PUBLIC AND LOCAL ADMINISTRATION
  • RELIGIOUS AND CULTURAL BARRIERS TO VACCINATION
  • ECONOMIC BARRIERS: AFFORDABILITY AND PERCEPTIONS OF COST
  • LACK OF AWARENESS AMONG POTENTIAL VACCINEES
    • Lack of Awarenessý (Continued)
• Chapter 6 - VACCINE MARKET
  • SUPPLY SIDE
    • SUPPLY SIDE (CONTINUED)
    • PUBLIC VACCINE SUPPLY
    • VACCINE SHORTAGES
  • TABLE 60 CAUSES OF VACCINE SHORTAGE
  • DEMAND SIDE
    • FIRST ADVANCE MARKET COMMITMENT (AMC) IN FEBRUARY 2007
  • TABLE 61 SAVINGS FROM DISEASE ERADICATION ($ BILLIONS)
    • PUBLIC FUNDING GAP
  • MARKET METRICS
  • TABLE 62 FORECAST FOR GLOBAL VACCINE REVENUE BY MAJOR SEGMENTS THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
  • FIGURE 10 ANNUAL SPENDING FOR IMMUNIZATION PROGRAMS IN 72 LOW-INCOME COUNTRIES, 2000-2013 ($ BILLIONS)
  • FIGURE 11 FORECAST FOR GLOBAL VACCINE REVENUES BY MAJOR SEGMENT, 2003-2013 ($ MILLIONS)
  • TABLE 63 FORECAST FOR GLOBAL HUMAN VACCINE REVENUE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
  • FIGURE 12 HUMAN VACCINES: MARKET POTENTIAL UNTILL 2013
  • TABLE 64 GLOBAL PROJECTIONS FOR MINOR HUMAN VACCINE REVENUE THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
  • TABLE 64 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 65 PROJECTIONS FOR GLOBAL CANCER VACCINES REVENUE, THROUGH 2013 ($ MILLIONS)
  • FIGURE 13 PROJECTIONS FOR GLOBAL CANCER VACCINES REVENUE, 2003-2013 ($ MILLIONS)
• VETERINARY VACINES
  • FIGURE 14 VETERINARY VACCINES: REGIONAL REVENUE CONTRIBUTION (%)
  • TABLE 66 GLOBAL ANIMAL HEALTH REVENUES, 2006 ($ MILLIONS)
  • FIGURE 15 GLOBAL ANIMAL HEALTH MARKET SHARES, 2006 (%)
• Chapter 7 - INDUSTRY PARTICIPANT PROFILES
  • MANUFACTURERS
    • ACAMBIS
    • BHARAT BIOTECH
  • TABLE 67 RESEARCH GRANTS FOR BHARAT BIOTECH
  • TABLE 68 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO - BHARAT BIOTECH INTERNATIONAL
    • CHOONGANG VACCINE LABORATORY
    • CRUCELL
    • EUROCINE VACCINES AB
    • GLAXOSMITHKLINE
  • TABLE 69 PORTFOLIO OF VACCINES: GLAXOSMITHKLINE
    • GREEN CROSS
    • KOREA VACCINE CO, LTD.
  • TABLE 70 VACCINE PORTFOLIO OF KOREA VACCINE
    • MERCK & CO., INC.
  • TABLE 71 MERCK - VACCINE PORTFOLIO
    • NOVARTIS AG
    • PANACEA BIOTEC, LTD.
  • TABLE 72 PRODUCT PORTFOLIO - PANACEA BIOTEC
    • SANOFI PASTEUR
  • TABLE 73 VACCINE PORTFOLIO: SANOFI PASTEUR
    • SCHERING-PLOUGH CORPORATION
  • TABLE 74 SCHERING-PLOUGH - PORTFOLIO OF LIVESTOCK VACCINES
  • TABLE 74 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 74 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 74 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 74 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 74 (CONTINUED)
    • SHANTHA BIOTECHNICS
    • WYETH
  • TABLE 75 PORTFOLIO OF VACCINES: WYETH PHARMACEUTICALS
    • ADDITIONAL MARKET PLAYERS
    • ADVAXIC, INC.
    • AERAS GLOBAL TB VACCINE FOUNDATION, USA
    • AGRILABS, INC.
    • ALPHARMA INC.
    • BAYER ANIMAL HEALTH
    • BENCHMARK BIOLABS, INC.
    • BIMEDA
    • BIOCOR ANIMAL HEALTH
    • BIONICHE ANIMAL HEALTH
    • BIOPURE
    • BORYUNG BIOPHARMA
    • CEVA SANTE ANIMALE
    • COBRA BIOMANUFACTURING, PLC
    • CYTO DYN, INC.
    • DAINIPPON PHARMACEUTICAL CO, LTD.
    • DMS LABS, INC.
    • DURVET, INC. USA
    • ELANCO ANIMAL HEALTH
    • HARTZ
    • HESKA CORPORATION
    • ICHOR MEDICAL SYSTEMS, INC.
    • IDEXX LABORATORIES, INC.
    • IMMUCELL, INC.
    • IVY ANIMAL HEALTH
    • LAH INTERNATIONAL (GERMAN)
    • MALAYSIAN VACCINES AND PHARMACEUTICALS
    • MONSANTO COMPANY
    • MWI VETERINARY SUPPLY CO.
    • NUTRAMAX LABORATORIES, INC.
    • OMAHA VACCINE
    • ROYER BIOMEDICAL, INC.
    • SK CHEMICAL
    • SOLVAY HEALTHCARE
    • SYNBIOTICS CORPORATION
    • VAXINE PTY, LTD.
    • VCA ANTECH
    • VEDCO, INC.
    • VIRBAC SA
    • XCELLEREX CORPORATE HEADQUARTERS
  • NONGOVERNMENT STAKEHOLDERS
    • DEPARTMENT OF IMMUNIZATION, VACCINES, AND BIOLOGICALS (IVB)
      • Initiative for Vaccine Research (IVR)
    • THE HIV VACCINE TRIALS NETWORK
  • TABLE 76 HVTN OPERATIONAL CENTERS
    • PROTECTING THE WORLD FROM EMERGING AND RE-EMERGING DISEASES ASSOCIATED WITH GLOBALIZATION
  • TABLE 77 MAJOR INFECTIOUS DISEASE CATEGORIES AND LEADING SPONSORS
    • GAVI
    • IAVI
    • THE WORLD ORGANIZATION FOR ANIMAL HEALTH (OIE)
    • REGULATORY ORGANIZATIONS CONCERNED WITH VETERINARY VACCINES
      • CENTERS FOR EPIDEMIOLOGY AND ANIMAL HEALTH
      • CENTER FOR VETERINARY BIOLOGICS
      • IFAH-EUROPE
      • INSTITUTE FOR INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION IN ANIMAL BIOLOGICS
      • INTERNATIONAL STANDARDS TEAM
      • NATIONAL VETERINARY SERVICES LABORATORIES
      • NATIONAL VETERINARY SERVICES LABORATORIES
      • UNITED STATES ANIMAL HEALTH ASSOCIATION
      • USDA NATIONAL ANIMAL HEALTH
• Chapter 8 - RECENT INTERNATIONAL MARKET DEVELOPMENTS
  • GSK SEEKS APPROVAL FOR NEW MENINGITIS VACCINE
  • VACCINE FOR KEEPING THE BLOOD PRESSURE UNDER CHECK
  • VACCINE FOR NICOTINE ADDICTION
  • SCIENTISTS REPORT A NEW METHOD TO SPEED BIRD FLU VACCINE PRODUCTION
  • BIODEGRADABLE MICROSPHERES DELIVER TIME RELEASE VACCINES, STIMULATE DIFFERENT IMMUNE RESPONSE
  • NASAL SPRAY FLU VACCINE RECEIVES NOD FOR 2-YEAR-OLDS IN UNITED STATES
  • ONCOPHAGE FAILS TRIALS
  • NEW PRODUCTION FACILITY OF NOVARTIS' - CELL CULTURED-BASED FACILITY FOR INFLUENZA VACCINE PRODUCTION
  • XCELLEREX GETS TWO CONTRACTS TO DEVELOP TECHNOLOGY TO ACCELERATE PROTEIN AND VACCINE MANUFACTURING
  • DISPOSABLE TECHNOLOGIES - A BETTER PROSPECT
  • NEEDLE-FREE TECHNOLOGIES FOR VACCINE DELIVERY
  • FACTORY ZONE FOR ANIMAL VACCINE DEVELOPMENT AND PRODUCTION
  • CERUS CORPORATION AWARDED GRANTS FOR ITS LISTERIA-BASED VACCINE PLATFORMS
  • VACCINE MANUFACTURERS GET FUNDING TO DEVELOP CELL-BASED INFLUENZA VACCINES
  • CRUCELL GRANTED $5 MILLION TO FURTHER DEVELOP TB VACCINE
  • INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS COLLABORATE FOR A MENINGITIS VACCINE
    • THE ROLE OF THE U.S. FDA
    • FUTURE DIRECTIONS
  • EFFICIENT VACCINE MANUFACTURING: TREATMENT FOR MENINGOCOCCAL DISEASE IN AFRICA
  • PORTAL TO OFFER INFORMATION TO COMPILE INFORMATION ON INFECTIOUS DISEASES RESEARCH
  • TABLE 78 STRATEGIC ALLIANCES IN THE VACCINE INDUSTRY
  • TABLE 78 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 78 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 78 (CONTINUED)
  • TABLE 78 (CONTINUED)
    • TAIWAN - ANIMAL VACCINES INDUSTRY
  • TABLE 79 R&D FOCUS
    • TAIWAN - INVESTING OPPORTUNITIES
      • Strength
      • Weakness
      • Opportunity
      • Threat
    • CHINA
  • BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ITS SISTER TECHNOLOGIES LIGHT UP THE VACCINE FUTURE
  • INDIA
  • EDIBLE VACCINES
    • EDIBLE VACCINES (CONTINUED)