世界市場における排水処理の最新技術

This technical/marketing report focuses on the global market represented by advanced wastewater treatment technologies. These advanced technologies include, but are not limited to, sorption, membranes, and electromagnetic and advanced oxidation technologies.

The report examines, over a five-year horizon, the present and projected magnitude of the problems and costs of treating industrial, municipal, and agricultural wastewaters. Possible solutions to wastewater problems, and the regulatory agencies overseeing these solutions, are examined and analyzed. Wastewater problems in 30 countries and four major geographical regions, including the U.S./North America, Europe, the Middle East/Africa, Asia/Pacific, and Latin America are discussed.

TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION ...........XIX

• STUDY GOAL AND OBJECTIVES ...........XIX
• REASONS FOR DOING THE STUDY ...........XIX
• CONTRIBUTION OF THE STUDY AND FOR WHOM ........... XX
• SCOPE AND FORMAT ........... XX
• METHODOLOGY ........... XX
• INFORMATION SOURCES ...........XXI
• RELATED BCC PUBLICATIONS ...........XXI
• REPORTS ...........XXI
• MONTHLY NEWSLETTERS ...........XXII
• ABOUT BCC ...........XXII
• CONDITIONS OF PURCHASE ...........XXII
• ADDITIONAL COPIES ...........XXII
• CONSULTING SERVICES .................XXIII
• DISCLAIMER .................XXIII
• BCC ON-LINE SERVICES .................XXIII
  • INTERNET .................XXIII

SUMMARY .................XIV

OVERVIEW ........... 1

• THE WATER PROBLEM ........... 1
  • WATER AVAILABILITY: THE REALITY ........... 1
  • GLOBAL POLLUTION: WIDESPREAD AND RESISTANT TO REGULATION ........... 1
  • The Character of Present Wastewater Technology ........... 2
  • The Character of Future Wastewater Treatment ........... 3
  • U.S. CLEAN WATER ACT ........... 3
• THE GLOBAL MARKET ........... 4
• U.S. REGULATORY EFFORTS ........... 4
• MAJOR INTERNATIONAL REGULATORY AND OTHER AGENCIES ........... 5
• INTERNATIONAL FINANCIAL INSTITUTIONS ........... 6
• APPROACHES TO WASTEWATER MANAGEMENT ........... 6
  • WASTE MINIMIZATION ........... 6
  • REMEDIATION, RECYCLE, REUSE ........... 7
• TRADITIONAL VS. ADVANCED TREATMENTS ........... 8
  • TRADITIONAL TREATMENTS ........... 8
  • Chemical Oxidation ........... 8
    • Improved Chemical Treatments ........... 9
  • Coagulation -Flocculation ........... 9
    • Coagulation ........... 10
    • Flocculation ........... 10
    • Advanced Coagulant Control ........... 11
  • ADVANCED TREATMENTS ........... 12
  • Advanced Biological Technologies ........... 12
  • Membrane Technologies ........... 13
  • Sorption Technologies ........... 14
  • Electrochemical Technologies ........... 14
• MAJOR CONTAMINANTS ........... 15
  • INORGANICS AND HEAVY METALS ........... 15
  • Arsenic ........... 15
  • Chromium VI ........... 16
  • Mercury ........... 17
  • ORGANIC COMPOUNDS ........... 17
  • Oily Wastewaters ........... 18
  • MICROORGANISMS AND AGRICULTURAL WASTES ........... 18
• SYNOPSIS OF TREATMENT TECHNOLOGIES FOR WASTES ........... 19
• AMOUNTS OF WATER TO BE TREATED ........... 21
• U.S. VALUE OF ADVANCED WASTEWATER SYSTEM TREATMENTS ........... 22

ADVANCED BIOLOGICAL TREATMENTS ........... 25

• WETLANDS/BIOSORPTION ........... 25
  • BIOSORPTION ........... 27
  • Cellulosics ........... 28
    • Safe Harbor ........... 28
    • Low-grade Cotton ........... 28
    • Absorbent W and Absorbent GP ........... 28
    • Spill-Dri Particulate ........... 29
  • Peat ........... 29
    • Peat Sorb ........... 29
    • Peat Beads ........... 30
  • MultiSorb ........... 30
  • SeptiSorb ........... 31
  • Algae ........... 31
  • CONSTRUCTED WETLANDS ........... 32
  • Aerated Lagoons ........... 33
  • Biosorptive Flotation ........... 33
  • Vegetation ........... 34
  • Phytoremediation ........... 34
  • African Alfalfa Shoots ........... 35
  • Assisted Photo-oxidation ........... 35
• Biological Nutrient Removal ........... 35
• 腺UGS,・ENZYMES, AND BIOREACTORS ........... 35
  • MEMBRANE BIOREACTOR ........... 37
  • Immersed Membrane Filtration ........... 37
  • Pond vs. Bioreactor ........... 38
  • Biochambers with Vacuum ........... 40
  • Fixed-Film Biocontactor ........... 40
  • Slurry Separator System ........... 41
  • U-Tube Reactor ........... 42
  • BIOCATALYSTS, BIOSURFACTANTS ........... 42
  • TOLUENE DESTRUCTION ........... 43
  • COMBINATION SYSTEMS ........... 44
  • PACKED BEDS ........... 45
• MISCELLANEOUS TREATMENTS ........... 46
  • AFRICAN CICHLIDS AND SEWAGE ........... 46
  • GEL BEADS ........... 47
  • CHITOSAN ........... 47
  • DETOXIFYING WASTES ........... 48
  • Degradation of Swine Waste ........... 48
  • STEROSPECIFIC BIOCARRIERS ........... 49
  • ADVANCED "STORS" ........... 50
• INDUSTRY PARTICIPANTS ........... 50
  • ABYDOZ ENVIRONMENTAL ........... 51
  • ACORN BIOTECHNICAL ........... 51
  • ADEQUA SERVICES ........... 51
  • AGRICULTURES INTL. ........... 52
  • AMBIENTECH TECNOLOGIA AMBIENTAL LTDA ........... 52
  • AMERICAN BIOSYSTEMS, INC. ........... 52
  • AUSTRALIAN WETLANDS ........... 52
  • BIODYNE ........... 53
  • BIO-MICROBICS, INC. ........... 53
  • BIO-SYSTEMS EUROPE, LTD. ........... 53
  • BIOTOP ENVIRONMENTAL PARTNERSHIP ........... 54
  • CK VENTURES, LTD. (CKV) ........... 54
  • EATHISA CHILE ........... 54
  • ?CO ?QUIPEMENT FEP INC. ........... 54
  • ECOLOGICAL ENGINEERING ASSOCIATES ........... 55
  • ECO PROCESS AND EQUIPMENT INTERNATIONAL, INC. ........... 56
  • ECOWERKS TECHNOLOGIES CORP. ........... 57
  • ENSOLVE BIOSYSTEMS, INC. ........... 57
  • ENVIROGEN, INC. ........... 58
  • ENVIRONMENTAL SOLUTIONS INTL., LTD. ........... 59
  • ENVIRO-ZYME INTERNATIONAL, INC. ........... 59
  • FORM CELL RESEARCH, INC. ........... 59
  • HYDROMETRICS ........... 60
  • HYDROXYL SYSTEMS, INC. ........... 60
  • INTERNATIONAL ABSORBENTS, INC. ........... 60
  • IRIDRA ........... 61
  • J.W. SALEM ENGINEERING, INC. ........... 61
  • KINETIC BIOSYSTEMS, INC. (KBI) ........... 61
  • KUBOTA CORP. ........... 62
  • MAPS INDIA ........... 62
  • MICROBAC, LTD. ........... 62
  • ONDEO DEGREMONT, INC. ........... 63
  • Ondeo Degremont, S.A. ........... 63
  • United Water Resources ........... 63
  • PEAT TECHNOLOGIES ........... 64
  • RHODIA ECO SERVICES/ORELIS ........... 65
  • Rhodia Eco Services U.S. ........... 65
  • ROCKBOURNE ENVIRONMENTAL, LTD. ........... 65
  • STAR BIOLOGICAL, INC. ........... 66
  • WASTE SOLUTIONS, LTD. ........... 66
  • WEHRLE-WERK AG ........... 66
  • Wehrle Environmental ........... 66
  • WEIR ENVIG (PTY) LTD./MEMBRATEK ........... 67
  • XYCLONYX/U.S. MICROBICS, INC. ........... 67
  • ZAPF GMBH ........... 68
  • ZENON ENVIRONMENTAL, INC. ........... 68
• VALUE OF ADVANCED BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENTS ........... 69

MEMBRANE TREATMENTS ........... 72

• GEOMETRY ........... 73
• MODULES ........... 73
• CROSSFLOW OPERATION ........... 73
• PRETREATMENT ........... 74
  • CROSSFLOW MF AS PRETREATMENT ........... 75
  • FOULING ........... 75
• WASTEWATER REUSE ........... 76
• MEMBRANE MICROFILTRATION ........... 77
• UTILIZATION ........... 78
  • PLANT EFFLUENT TREATMENT ........... 78
  • FIBER CLEANING ........... 78
  • COMBINATION SYSTEM ........... 79
  • ADVANCED SYSTEMS FOR SEWER WATER ........... 80
  • COSTS ........... 80
• ULTRAFILTRATION (UF) ........... 81
  • COSTS ........... 82
  • ESTABLISHED MARKETS ........... 83
  • Heavy Metals ........... 83
  • Wood Wastewaters ........... 83
• REVERSE OSMOSIS (RO) ........... 84
  • HIGH-EFFICIENCY REVERSE OSMOSIS (HERO) ........... 84
  • WATER FACTORY 21 ........... 85
  • LEACHATE TREATMENT ........... 87
  • REDUCTION OF ION EXCHANGE REGENERATION EFFLUENT ........... 88
  • NANOFILTRATION ........... 88
• TECHNOLOGY TRENDS ........... 89
  • CERAMIC SUPPORTED POLYMERS ........... 89
  • Pervaporation and Other Promising Applications for CSP Membranes ........... 90
• INDUSTRY PARTICIPANTS ........... 90
  • AQUASOURCE/ONDEO/VIVENDI ........... 91
  • Aquasource North America, LLC ........... 91
  • ASAHI KASEI ........... 91
  • COMTEH DOO ........... 92
  • C. P. ENVIROSYSTEMS, LTD. (CPE) ........... 92
  • DOW CHEMICAL CO./UNION CARBIDE ........... 93
  • Dow Liquid Separations/FilmTec Corp. ........... 93
    • FT-30 RO Membrane ........... 93
    • BW30 ........... 94
    • Other Products ........... 94
    • Marketing Strategy ........... 94
  • ECOLOCHEM ........... 95
  • ENVIROTECH ........... 95
  • H2O INNOVATIONS (2000), INC. ........... 95
  • HYDRANAUTICS /NITTO DENKO ........... 96
  • IONICS, INC. ........... 96
  • KOCH MEMBRANE SYSTEMS/FLUID SYSTEMS CORP. ........... 97
  • KURITA WATER INDUSTRIES, LTD. ........... 98
  • Kurita America, Inc. ........... 98
  • MYCELX TECHNOLOGIES ........... 99
  • OSMONICS, INC. ........... 99
  • Desalination Systems, Inc. (DSI)/Osmonics ........... 99
  • RHODIA ECO SERVICES/ORELIS ...........100
  • Rhodia Eco Services U.S. ...........100
  • SAEHAN INDUSTRIES, INC. ...........101
  • TRISEP ...........101
  • TORAY MEMBRANE AMERICAS, INC. ...........102
  • Toray Industries, Inc. ...........102
  • USFILTER/VIVENDI ENVIRONMENT ...........103
  • USFilter/Membralox ...........103
  • Vivendi Water North America ...........103
  • Memtec/USFilter/Vivendi ...........103
  • Memcor, Ltd. ...........103
    • Memtec ...........104
  • WEHRLE-WERK AG ...........105
  • Wehrle Environmental ...........105
  • WEIR ENVIG (PTY), LTD./MEMBRATEK ...........106
  • ZENON ENVIRONMENTAL, INC. ...........106
• VALUE OF MEMBRANE SYSTEMS FOR WASTEWATER TREATMENTS BY TYPE ...........107

SORPTION TREATMENTS ...........110

• ABSORPTION ...........110
  • SAND FILTER MEDIA ...........110
• ADSORPTION ...........111
• ACTIVATED ALUMINA ...........111
  • PRIMARY USES ...........112
• ACTIVATED CARBON ...........113
  • REGENERATION ...........113
  • Production ...........114
  • PRIMARY USES ...........114
  • Vapor-Phase Carbon Adsorption ...........114
  • Liquid-Phase Applications ...........115
  • Other Applications ...........115
  • Disadvantages of Activated Carbon ...........115
  • Technology Trends ...........115
    • Recycling Tires ...........116
    • Waste Minimization ...........117
    • Combination Treatments ...........117
  ZEOLITES ...........118
  • NATURAL ZEOLITE SOURCES ...........119
  • APPLICATIONS FOR ZEOLITES ...........119
  • Primary Uses ...........119
  • Zeolites and Wastewater Cleanup ...........120
  • Specific Applications ...........121
    • Arsenic Removal ...........121
    • Radioactive Waste Treatment ...........121
  MISCELLANEOUS SORBENTS FOR ADVANCED WASTEWATER TREATMENT ...........122
  • CHELATES ...........122
  • Use with Supercritical Fluids ...........122
  • CHITOSAN ...........123
  • SPECIALTY CLAYS ...........123
  • Biocidal Organoclay ...........124
  • METAL OXIDES ...........125
  • HUMIC ACID ...........125
  • COMBINATION MATERIALS ...........126
• INDUSTRY PARTICIPANTS FOR SORPTION TECHNOLOGIES ...........126
  • APYRON ...........127
  • ALCOA WORLD CHEMICALS ...........128
  • Alcan Chemicals ...........128
  • ARCTECH, INC. ...........128
  • BADGER MINING CORP. ...........128
  • BJAAM ENVIRONMENTAL, INC. ...........129
  • CALGON CARBON CORP. ...........130
  • Chemviron Carbon ...........130
  • GLOBAL TRADE ALLIANCE, INC. ...........131
  • Perspectiva ...........131
  • NUELECTRIC CORP. ...........131
  • NEUMANN ZEOLITE ...........132
  • NUON ...........132
  • Norit Americas, Inc. ...........132
  • POROCEL CORP. ...........133
  • PT. INTAN PRIMA GROUP ...........133
  • WATERLINK SUTCLIFFE CARBONS ...........133
  • Waterlink, Inc. ...........133
  • Waterlink/Barnebay Sutcliffe ...........134
  • WESTVACO CORP. ...........134
  • ZEO, INC. ...........134
  • ZEOLYST INTL. ...........135
  • PQ Corp. ...........135
  • OTHERS ...........135
• SUMMARY SALES AND PROJECTIONS FOR SORPTION ADVANCED WASTEWATER TREATMENTS ...........136
• INFORMATION SOURCES ...........137
  • COST PROJECTIONS AND FORECASTS ...........137
  • APPLICATION MARKET GROWTH FOR ACTIVATED CARBON ...........138
  • SORPTION TECHNOLOGIES -SOLUTIONS AND ALTERNATIVES ...........139

ELECTRICALLY DRIVEN TREATMENTS ...........140

• TYPICAL USES ...........140
• ELECTROCOAGULATION ...........141
• ELECTRODIALYSIS/ELECTRODIALYSIS REVERSING ...........143
• NOVEL TECHNOLOGIES ...........148
• INDUSTRY PARTICIPANTS ...........154 VALUE OF ELECTRICALLY DRIVEN WASTEWATER TREATMENTS ...........158

GLOBAL ADVANCED WASTEWATER TREATMENT MARKET ...........161

• OUTLOOK ...........161
  • FOREIGN DIRECT INVESTMENT ...........162
  • ROLE OF INTERNATIONAL ORGANIZATIONS IN WATER MANAGEMENT ...........163
  • IMPACT OF THE GLOBAL ECONOMY ...........165
  REGIONAL AND COUNTRY ANALYSES ...........166
  • EUROPE ...........166
  • The European Union ...........166
  • Belgium ...........169
    • Water Profile ...........170
    • Energy Profile ...........170
    • Economic Profile ...........171
    • Demographic Profile ...........172
  • France ...........173
  • Germany ...........177
  • Spain ...........182
  • United Kingdom ...........186
  • EASTERN EUROPE ...........191
  • Poland ...........191
  • Czech Republic ...........196
  • Hungary ...........201
• ASIA/PACIFIC ...........203
  • ASIA WATER DATA ...........205
  • COUNTRY ANALYSES ...........206
  • Australia ...........207
  • China ...........211
  • India ...........215
  • Indonesia ...........218
  • Japan ...........221
  • South Korea ...........224
  • Philippines ...........228
  • Taiwan ...........230
  • Thailand ...........232
  • MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA ...........235
  • Bahrain ...........236
  • Egypt ...........240
  • Iran ...........243
  • Israel ...........246
  • Kuwait ...........249
  • Saudi Arabia ...........252
  • United Arab Emirates ...........255
  • AFRICA ...........257
  • Ghana ...........258
  • South Africa ...........261
  • THE AMERICAS ...........264
  • Argentina ...........265
  • Brazil ...........269
  • Canada ...........273
  • Chile ...........276
  • Ecuador ...........279
  • Mexico ...........283
  • Venezuela ...........287

LIST OF TABLES

• SUMMARY TABLE: VALUE OF ADVANCED WASTEWATER TREATMENTS BY GLOBAL REGION, THROUGH 2006 ...........XXV
• 1 VARIOUS SELECTED TECHNOLOGIES FOR TREATMENT OF EFFLUENTS ........... 20
• 2 WATER OVERVIEW, U.S.A. ........... 22
• 3 SUMMARY VALUE OF ADVANCED WASTEWATER SYSTEM TREATMENTS IN THE U.S. BY TYPE,
• THROUGH 2006 ........... 23
• 4 SALES AND PROJECTIONS FOR U.S. ADVANCED BIOLOGICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENTS,
• THROUGH 2006 ........... 70
• 5 SALES AND PROJECTIONS FOR MEMBRANE WASTEWATER TREATMENTS, THROUGH 2006 ...........108
• 6 SALES AND PROJECTIONS FOR SORPTION WASTEWATER TREATMENTS IN THE U.S., THROUGH 2006 ...........138
• 7 SALES AND PROJECTIONS FOR U.S. ELECTRICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENTS BY TYPE, THROUGH 2006 ...........159
• 8 WORLDWIDE VALUE OF ADVANCED WASTEWATER SYSTEM TREATMENTS, THROUGH 2006 ...........162
• 9 VALUE OF AWWT SYSTEMS BY REGION, THROUGH 2006 ...........164
• 10 WATER AVAILABILITY AND USAGE IN EUROPE ...........168
• 11 VALUE OF ADVANCED WASTEWATER SYSTEM TREATMENTS IN EUROPE, THROUGH 2006 ...........168
• 12 WATER OVERVIEW, BELGIUM ...........170
• 13 ENERGY OVERVIEW, BELGIUM ...........171
• 14 ECONOMIC OVERVIEW, BELGIUM ...........171
• 15 DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW, BELGIUM ...........172
• 16 WATER OVERVIEW, FRANCE ...........173
• 17 ENERGY OVERVIEW, FRANCE ...........174
• 18 ECONOMIC OVERVIEW, FRANCE ...........175
• 19 DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW, FRANCE ...........176
• 20 WATER OVERVIEW, GERMANY ...........178
• 21 ENERGY OVERVIEW, GERMANY ...........178
• 22 ECONOMIC OVERVIEW, GERMANY ...........179
• 23 DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW, GERMANY ...........181
• 24 WATER OVERVIEW, SPAIN ...........182
• 25 ENERGY OVERVIEW, SPAIN ...........184
• 26 ECONOMIC OVERVIEW, SPAIN ...........184
• 27 DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW, SPAIN ...........186
• 28 WATER OVERVIEW, U.K. ...........187
• 29 ENERGY OVERVIEW, U.K. ...........188
• 30 ECONOMIC OVERVIEW, U.K. ...........189
• 31 DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW, U.K. ...........191
• 32 WATER OVERVIEW, POLAND ...........192
• 33 ENERGY OVERVIEW, POLAND ...........194
• 34 ECONOMIC OVERVIEW, POLAND ...........195
• 35 DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW, POLAND ...........196
• 36 WATER OVERVIEW, CZECH REPUBLIC ...........197
• 37 ENERGY OVERVIEW, CZECH REPUBLIC ...........198
• 38 ECONOMIC OVERVIEW, CZECH REPUBLIC ...........199
• 39 DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW, CZECH REPUBLIC ...........200
• 40 WATER OVERVIEW, HUNGARY ...........201
• 41 ENERGY OVERVIEW, HUNGARY ...........202
• 42 ECONOMIC OVERVIEW, HUNGARY ...........203
• 43 DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW, HUNGARY ...........203
• 44 WATER AVAILABILITY AND USAGE, ASIA ...........205
• 45 VALUE OF ADVANCED WASTEWATER SYSTEM TREATMENTS IN ASIA, THROUGH 2006 ...........206
• 46 WATER OVERVIEW, AUSTRALIA ...........207
• 47 ENERGY OVERVIEW, AUSTRALIA ...........208
• 48 ECONOMIC OVERVIEW, AUSTRALIA ...........210
• 49 DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW, AUSTRALIA ...........211
• 50 WATER OVERVIEW, CHINA ...........211
• 51 ENERGY OVERVIEW, CHINA ...........213
• 52 ECONOMIC OVERVIEW, CHINA ...........214
• 53 DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW, CHINA ...........214
• 54 WATER OVERVIEW, INDIA ...........215
• 55 ENERGY OVERVIEW, INDIA ...........216
• 56 ECONOMIC OVERVIEW, INDIA ...........217
• 57 DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW, INDIA ...........218
• 58 WATER OVERVIEW, INDONESIA ...........219
• 59 ENERGY OVERVIEW, INDONESIA ...........220
• 60 ECONOMIC OVERVIEW, INDONESIA ...........220
• 61 DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW, INDONESIA ...........221
• 62 WATER OVERVIEW, JAPAN ...........222
• 63 ENERGY OVERVIEW, JAPAN ...........223
• 64 ECONOMIC OVERVIEW, JAPAN ...........224
• 65 DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW, JAPAN ...........224
• 66 WATER OVERVIEW, SOUTH KOREA ...........225
• 67 ENERGY OVERVIEW, SOUTH KOREA ...........226
• 68 ECONOMIC OVERVIEW, SOUTH KOREA ...........227
• 69 DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW, SOUTH KOREA ...........227
• 70 WATER OVERVIEW, PHILIPPINES ...........228
• 71 ENERGY OVERVIEW, PHILIPPINES ...........229
• 72 ECONOMIC OVERVIEW, PHILIPPINES ...........229
• 73 DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW, PHILIPPINES ...........230
• 74 ENERGY OVERVIEW, TAIWAN ...........231
• 75 ECONOMIC OVERVIEW, TAIWAN ...........231
• 76 DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW, TAIWAN ...........232
• 77 WATER OVERVIEW, THAILAND ...........233
• 78 ENERGY OVERVIEW, THAILAND ...........233
• 79 ECONOMIC OVERVIEW, THAILAND ...........234
• 80 DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW, THAILAND ...........235
• 81 WATER AVAILABILITY AND USAGE, MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA ...........236
• 82 VALUE OF ADVANCED WASTEWATER SYSTEM TREATMENTS IN MIDDLE EAST/AFRICA, THROUGH 2006 ...........236
• 83 WATER OVERVIEW, BAHRAIN ...........237
• 84 ENERGY OVERVIEW, BAHRAIN ...........238
• 85 ECONOMIC OVERVIEW, BAHRAIN ...........239
• 86 DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW, BAHRAIN ...........239
• 87 WATER OVERVIEW, EGYPT ...........240
• 88 ENERGY OVERVIEW, EGYPT ...........241
• 89 ECONOMIC OVERVIEW, EGYPT ...........242
• 90 DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW, EGYPT ...........243
• 91 WATER OVERVIEW, IRAN ...........243
• 92 ENERGY OVERVIEW, IRAN ...........244
• 93 ECONOMIC OVERVIEW, IRAN ...........245
• 94 DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW, IRAN ...........246
• 95 WATER OVERVIEW, ISRAEL ...........247
• 96 ENERGY OVERVIEW, ISRAEL ...........247
• 97 ECONOMIC OVERVIEW, ISRAEL ...........248
• 98 DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW, ISRAEL ...........249
• 99 WATER OVERVIEW, KUWAIT ...........249
• 100 ENERGY OVERVIEW, KUWAIT ...........250
• 101 ECONOMIC OVERVIEW, KUWAIT ...........251
• 102 DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW, KUWAIT ...........251
• 103 WATER OVERVIEW, SAUDI ARABIA ...........252
• 104 ENERGY OVERVIEW, SAUDI ARABIA ...........253
• 105 ECONOMIC OVERVIEW, SAUDI ARABIA ...........254
• 106 DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW, SAUDI ARABIA ...........255
• 107 WATER OVERVIEW, UAE ...........256
• 108 ENERGY OVERVIEW, UAE ...........256
• 109 ECONOMIC OVERVIEW, UAE ...........257
• 110 DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW, UAE ...........257
• 111 WATER OVERVIEW, GHANA ...........258
• 112 ENERGY OVERVIEW, GHANA ...........259
• 113 ECONOMIC OVERVIEW, GHANA ...........260
• 114 DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW, GHANA ...........260
• 115 WATER OVERVIEW, SOUTH AFRICA ...........261
• 116 ENERGY OVERVIEW, SOUTH AFRICA ...........262
• 117 ECONOMIC OVERVIEW, SOUTH AFRICA ...........263
• 118 DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW, SOUTH AFRICA ...........263
• 119 WATER AVAILABILITY AND USAGE, THE AMERICAS ...........264
• 120 VALUE OF ADVANCED WASTEWATER SYSTEM TREATMENTS IN AMERICAS (MINUS U.S.), THROUGH 2006 ...........265
• 121 WATER OVERVIEW, ARGENTINA ...........266
• 122 ENERGY OVERVIEW, ARGENTINA ...........267
• 123 ECONOMIC OVERVIEW, ARGENTINA ...........268
• 124 DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW, ARGENTINA ...........269
• 125 WATER OVERVIEW, BRAZIL ...........270
• 126 ENERGY OVERVIEW, BRAZIL ...........271
• 127 ECONOMIC OVERVIEW, BRAZIL ...........272
• 128 DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW, BRAZIL ...........273
• 129 WATER OVERVIEW, CANADA ...........273
• 130 ENERGY OVERVIEW, CANADA ...........274
• 131 ECONOMIC OVERVIEW, CANADA ...........275
• 132 DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW, CANADA ...........276
• 133 WATER OVERVIEW, CHILE ...........277
• 134 ENERGY OVERVIEW, CHILE ...........277
• 135 ECONOMIC OVERVIEW, CHILE ...........278
• 136 DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW, CHILE ...........279
• 137 WATER OVERVIEW, ECUADOR ...........280
• 138 ENERGY OVERVIEW, ECUADOR ...........281
• 139 ECONOMIC OVERVIEW, ECUADOR ...........282
• 140 DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW, ECUADOR ...........282
• 141 WATER OVERVIEW, MEXICO ...........283
• 142 ENERGY OVERVIEW, MEXICO ...........284
• 143 ECONOMIC OVERVIEW, MEXICO ...........286
• 144 DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW, MEXICO ...........287
• 145 WATER OVERVIEW, VENEZUELA ...........288
• 146 ENERGY OVERVIEW, VENEZUELA ...........289
• 147 ECONOMIC OVERVIEW, VENEZUELA ...........289
• 148 DEMOGRAPHIC OVERVIEW, VENEZUELA ...........290

LIST OF FIGURES

SUMMARY FIGURE: VALUE OF ADVANCED WASTEWATER TREATMENTS BY GLOBAL REGION,
• THROUGH 1995-2006 ............. XXVI
• 1 SUMMARY VALUE OF ADVANCED WASTEWATER SYSTEM TREATMENTS IN THE U.S. BY TYPE, 1995-2006 ........... 23
• 2 SALES AND PROJECTIONS FOR MEMBRANE WASTEWATER TREATMENTS, 1995-2006 ...........108
• 3 SALES AND PROJECTIONS FOR SORPTION WASTEWATER TREATMENTS IN THE U.S., 1995-2006 ...........138
• 4 SALES AND PROJECTIONS FOR U.S. ELECTRICAL WASTEWATER TREATMENTS BY TYPE, 1995-2006 ...........159
• 5 WORLDWIDE VALUE OF ADVANCED WASTEWATER SYSTEM TREATMENTS, 1995-2006 ...........162
• 6 VALUE OF AWWT SYSTEMS BY REGION, 1995-2006 ...........165
• 7 VALUE OF ADVANCED WASTEWATER SYSTEM TREATMENTS IN EUROPE, THROUGH 2006 ...........169
• 8 VALUE OF ADVANCED WASTEWATER SYSTEM TREATMENTS IN ASIA, THROUGH 2006 ...........206