癌のための免疫療法

Abstract

Introduction

The immunotherapy field in cancer has never been more potent than it is right now, including block buster drugs like Avastin, Erbitux, and Rituxan. Antibodies are making the headlines but cancer vaccines are not far away. The recent approval of Gardasil, a cervical cancer vaccine, will certainly become a strong representative of its kind. Future challenges for the industry lie in discovering strong antigens, effective immunomodulators and developing suitable delivery technologies.

Scope of this report

• In-depth competitive landscape assessment of the cancer immunotherapy market place; Including more than 200 immunotherapy drugs and pharmaceutical companies
• Thorough review of tumor antigen discovery, immunomodulating strategies and adjuvants
• Thorough review of antibody and vaccine delivery and technologies surrounding it - The next generation
• Progress analysis of six major cancer vaccine indications and late stage antibody development projects, including players, drugs, clinical progress and pitfalls

Research and analysis highlights

Among the targeted therapies for cancer, immunotherapy is probably the most versatile treatment strategy for the eradication of tumors, metastatic spread or not. Main strategies of cancer immunotherapy aim at exploiting the therapeutic potential of tumor-specific antibodies and cellular immune effector mechanisms (vaccines). Active immunotherapy, aiming at the generation of a tumor-specific immune response combining both humoral and cytotoxic T cell effector mechanisms by the host's immune system, is advancing over passive antibody therapy, which relies on the repeated application of large quantities of tumor antigen-specific antibodies.

Table of Contents

1 Executive Summary

2 Methodology

3 Table of Contents

• 3.1 List of Boxes
• 3.2 List of Figures
• 3.3 List of Tables

4 Vaccine Strategies: Challenges & Opportunities

5 Key Antibody Developmental Strategies

6 Competitive Landscape in Cancer Vaccines

• 6.1 Countries & Players: Who are In the Lead?
  • 6.1.1 Top 10 Players Constitute Up to One Third of R&D: Big Pharma Not Included!
  • 6.1.2 Approved Cancer Vaccine Drugs: Performance
• 6.2 Deals & Alliances in Cancer Vaccines
  • 6.2.1 Recent Mergers & Acquisitions in Cancer Vaccines
  • 6.2.2 Deals in Prostate Cancer
  • 6.2.3 Deals in Breast Cancer
  • 6.2.4 Deals in Leukemia & Lymphoma
  • 6.2.5 Drug Delivery Deals in Cancer Vaccines
  • 6.2.6 Adjuvant Deals

7 Antibody Deals on the Rise

• 7.1 Antibody Deals in Phase III
  • 7.1.1 Deal Situation: MDX 010
  • 7.1.2 Deal Situation: WX G250
  • 7.1.3 Deal Situation: Zanolimumab
• 7.2 Antibody Deals in Phase II
  • 7.2.1 Deal Situation: Mapatumumab
  • 7.2.2 Deal Situation: GCR 3888
  • 7.2.3 Deal Situation: MDX 070
  • 7.2.4 Deal Situation: CDP 860
  • 7.2.5 Deal Situation: Tru-Scint OV
  • 7.2.6 Deal Situation: SC 1
  • 7.2.7 Deal Situation: PRO 70769
  • 7.2.8 Deal Situation: XR 303
  • 7.2.9 Deal Situation: HumaRAD-HN

8 Tumor Antigens

• 8.1 Tumor Antigens: General Comments
• 8.2 Antigen Discovery
  • 8.2.1 Classical Immunology Approach
  • 8.2.2 The Reverse Immunology Approach
  • 8.2.3 Company Platforms
    • 8.2.3.1 Epitope Identification System - EIS®
    • 8.2.3.2 EPIQUEST system
    • 8.2.3.3 MolecularBreeding™ & MaxyScan™
    • 8.2.3.4 ProtEx™ technology
    • 8.2.3.5 Rapid Identification of Alternative Splicing (RIAS) System
    • 8.2.3.6 SMARTOMICS™
• 8.3 Specific Antigen Processing Technologies Increasing Antigen Presentation

9 Immunomodulators & Adjuvants in Cancer Vaccines

• 9.1 Overview
• 9.2 Cytokines
  • 9.2.1 Vaccines in Combination with Interleukin-2
  • 9.2.2 Tumor Necrosis Factor
  • 9.2.3 Interferons
• 9.3 Adjuvants
• 9.4 Other Immunomodulating Strategies
  • 9.4.1 An Immune Response Modifying Protein
  • 9.4.2 Immunostimulatory DNA
  • 9.4.3 Ex Vivo Stimulated Immune Cells
  • 9.4.4 Fusion Protein Gain Potent Immune Response
  • 9.4.5 Macrophage and Natural Killer Cells Activation
  • 9.4.6 Selective Suppression of the Immune System to An Antigen
  • 9.4.7 TAP Technology

10 Cancer Vaccine Delivery

• 10.1 Viral Delivery
  • 10.1.1 Introduction
  • 10.1.2 Viral Constructs Put into Use
    • 10.1.2.1 Replicon-based RNA and DNA vaccines
      • 10.1.2.1.1 The Alphavaccine Platform System - ArV™
      • 10.1.2.1.2 MVA-BN
    • 10.1.2.2 Retroviruses
      • 10.1.2.2.1 The SDSV-platform
    • 10.1.2.3 Lentivirus
      • 10.1.2.3.1 LentiPak™
      • 10.1.2.3.2 LentiVector™/ pEGASUS™
    • 10.1.2.4 Adenoviruses
      • 10.1.2.4.1 Failed Adenovirus Delivery Platforms
      • 10.1.2.4.2 GVAX
      • 10.1.2.4.3 TNFerade™
      • 10.1.2.4.4 INGN-225
    • 10.1.2.5 Adeno-associated viruses
      • 10.1.2.5.1 Failed AAV Delivery Platforms
      • 10.1.2.5.2 Genzyme Acquires AAV vector Technology
      • 10.1.2.5.3 MediGene's AAV Platform
    • 10.1.2.6 Herpes Simplex Viruses
      • 10.1.2.6.1 DISC-HSV
      • 10.1.2.6.2 ImmunoVEX
    • 10.1.2.7 Poxviruses
      • 10.1.2.7.1 Hi-8™ PrimeBoost™ platform
      • 10.1.2.7.2 PROSTVAC-VF
      • 10.1.2.7.3 Transgene's MVA Platform
      • 10.1.2.7.4 TroVax
    • 10.1.2.8 Other Poxvirus Systems
    • 10.1.2.9 Baculovirus
    • 10.1.2.9.1 Chimeric virus -like particles (CVLPs)
• 10.2 Bacterias
• 10.3 Cell Therapy: Dendritic-cell Based & Cancer-Cell Based Therapies
  • 10.3.1 Introduction
  • 10.3.2 Cell Therapy Strategies
    • 10.3.2.1 Processed Tumor Cells
    • 10.3.2.2 Lysed Tumor Cell Line
    • 10.3.2.3 The Dendritic Cell Strategy that Didn't Work Out
    • 10.3.2.4 HSPs
    • 10.3.2.5 Provenge™
    • 10.3.2.6 Dendritophages
    • 10.3.2.7 Cell-targeting Antibodies
    • 10.3.2.8 Increase Dendritic Cell Number
    • 10.3.2.9 DCVax®
    • 10.3.2.10 ACTIVATE™
• 10.4 Synthetic Delivery Systems & Strategies
  • 10.4.1 Introduction
  • 10.4.2 Biotransport™
  • 10.4.3 Biotype®vector
  • 10.4.4 DNAVax Gene Delivery System
  • 10.4.5 FusitAb™
  • 10.4.6 GeneDrug™
  • 10.4.7 Molecular Conjugates
  • 10.4.8 Naked DNA Delivery
  • 10.4.9 PVLP Technology
  • 10.4.10 Sphingosomal Drug Delivery Technology
  • 10.4.11 STEALTH
  • 10.4.12 Failed Liposomal Systems

11 New Approaches in Antibody Delivery and Design - The Next Generation

• 11.1 How to Make Them Smaller and Different?
• 11.2 Biomaterials in Sustained Delivery Applications
  • 11.2.1 Implants
• 11.3 Gene delivery - the Future?
  • 11.3.1 Delivery Vehicles for DNA
  • 11.3.2 Gene Delivery in Commercialization

12 Cancer Vaccines in Development: By Major Indications

• 12.1 General Oncology Overview
• 12.2 Progress Analysis - Melanoma
• 12.3 Progress Analysis - Breast Cancer
• 12.4 Progress Analysis - Prostate Cancer
• 12.5 Progress Analysis - Lung Cancer
• 12.6 Progress Analysis - Colorectal Cancer
• 12.7 Progress Analysis - Cervical Cancer

13 Antibodies in Clinical Development

• 13.1.1 Prostate Cancer Therapeutics
• 13.1.2 Breast Cancer Therapeutics
• 13.1.3 Colorectal Cancer Therapeutics
• 13.1.4 Melanoma Therapeutics
• 13.1.5 Hematological Cancers Therapeutics
• 13.2 Antibodies in Phase III Clinical Development
  • 13.2.1 Progress Analysis: IGN 101
    • 13.2.1.1 Breast Cancer
    • 13.2.1.2 Lung Cancer
    • 13.2.1.3 Colorectal cancer
  • 13.2.2 Progress Analysis: MDX 010
    • 13.2.2.1 Melanoma
    • 13.2.2.2 Breast Cancer
    • 13.2.2.3 Prostate Cancer
    • 13.2.2.4 Kidney Cancer
  • 13.2.3 Progress Analysis: ONYVAX 105
    • 13.2.3.1 Colorectal cancer
    • 13.2.3.2 Other Indications
  • 13.2.4 Progress Analysis: Ovarex
    • 4.1 Ovarian cancer
  • 13.2.5 Progress Analysis: Panitumumab
    • 13.2.5.1 Solid tumors
    • 13.2.5.2 Colorectal cancer
    • 13.2.5.3 Lung Cancer
    • 13.2.5.4 Kidney Cancer
  • 13.2.6 Progress Analysis: RENCAREX
    • .1 Kidney Cancer
  • 13.2.7 Progress Analysis: Nimotuzumab
    • 13.2.7.1 Brain cancer
    • 13.2.7.2 Pancreatic cancer
    • 13.2.7.3 Head and neck cancer
    • 13.2.7.4 Lung Cancer
  • 13.2.8 Progress Analysis: TransMID
    • .8.1 Brain Cancer
  • 13.2.9 Progress Analysis: Lintuzumab
    • 13.2.9.1 Leukemia
  • 13.2.10 Progress Analysis: Zanolimumab
    • 13.2.10.1 Lymphoma
• 13.3 Antibodies in Phase II Clinical Development
  • 13.3.1 Progress Analysis: ABT-510
    • 13.3.1.1 Kidney Cancer
    • 13.3.1.2 Soft Tissue Sarcoma
    • 13.3.1.3 Lung Cancer
  • 13.3.2 Progress Analysis: BB 10901
    • 13.3.2.1 Lung Cancer
    • 13.3.2.2 Multiple Myeloma
  • 13.3.3 Progress Analysis: CP 675206
    • 13.3.3.1 Melanoma
  • 13.3.4 Progress Analysis: CNTO-328
    • 13.3.4.1 Kidney Cancer
    • 13.3.4.2 Multiple Myeloma
    • 13.3.4.3 Prostate cancer
  • 13.3.5 Progress Analysis: Ecromeximab
    • 13.3.5.1 Melanoma
  • 13.3.6 Progress Analysis: EMD 273063
    • 13.3.6.1 Melanoma
  • 13.3.7 Progress Analysis: WX-G250RIT
    • 13.3.7.1 Billary Cancer
    • 13.3.7.2 Kidney Cancer
  • 13.3.8 Progress Analysis: HGS-ETR1
    • 13.3.8.1 Lung Cancer
    • 13.3.8.2 Lymphoma
    • 13.3.8.3 Colorectal Cancer
    • 13.3.8.4 HGS-ETR2
  • 13.3.9 Progress Analysis: HuMax-CD20
    • 3.3.9.1 Lymphoma
  • 13.3.10 Progress Analysis: HuMax-EGFr
    • 13.3.10.1 Head and Neck Cancer
  • 13.3.11 Progress Analysis: Galiximab
    • 13.3.11.1 Lymphoma
  • 13.3.12 Progress Analysis: PROXINIUM
    • 13.3.12.1 Head and Neck Cancer
    • 13.3.12.2 Bladder Cancer
  • 13.3.13 Progress Analysis: RAV12
    • 13.3.13.1 Colorectal Cancer
  • 13.3.14 Progress Analysis: SGN-15
    • 13.3.14.1 Lung Cancer
    • 13.3.14.2 Prostate Cancer
    • 13.3.14.3 Metastatic Breast and Colorectal Cancer
  • 13.3.15 Progress Analysis: SGN-30
    • 13.3.15.1 Lymphoma
  • 13.3.16 Progression Analysis: VEGF-Trap
    • 13.3.16.1 Solid Tumors
  • 13.3.17 Progress Analysis: MEDI 522
    • 13.3.17.1 Colorectal Cancer
    • 13.3.17.2 Melanoma
  • 13.3.18 Progress Analysis: Volociximab
    • 13.3.18.1 Kidney Cancer

14 Disclaimer

• 14.1 Liability
• 14.2 Completeness

15 Drug Index

16 Company Index