市場調査報告書：乳癌治療

Abstract

Breast cancer is a complex heterogeneous disease characterized by uncontrolled growth and spread of abnormal cells. It is also very prevalent, with reports from the World Health Organization estimating that more than 1.2 million people will be diagnosed with breast cancer in 2005, worldwide. In the United States, breast cancer is the second most common cancer in women (following skin cancer) with 212,930 new cases estimated for 2004 and an associated 40,840 deaths. In Europe, approximately 200,000 women are diagnosed with breast cancer each year (41,000 in the UK). Consequently, breast cancer is a high-priority research area and is recognized as one of the most aggressively pursued diseases in the history of medicine.

Chapter 1: Executive Summary 1--1

Breast Cancer Therapeutics 1--1
Breast Cancer Technologies 1--3
Breast Cancer Markets 1--3
The Future and Breast Cancer 1--4

Chapter 2: The Need for Breast Cancer Therapeutics 2--1

Epidemiology 2--1
Breast Cancer Types and Stages 2--1
Causes and Risk Factors 2--2
Biomarkers and Diagnostics 2--2
Awareness and Education 2--4
Treatment Strategies 2--4
Objectives and Scope 2--5

Chapter 3: Targets and Therapeutics in Endocrine Therapy 3--1

Estrogen and the Estrogen Receptor 3--1
Normal Estrogen Function 3--1
The Estrogen Receptor 3--2
Estrogen, The Estrogen Receptor, and Breast Cancer 3--3
Estrogen and Breast Cancer 3--3
The Estrogen Receptor and Breast Cancer 3--4
Categories of Endocrine Therapy 3--4
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) 3--4
Mode of Action of SERMs 3--5
Approved SERMs 3--5
Emerging SERMs 3--7
Raloxifene 3--8
Arzoxifene 3--8
Lasofoxifene 3--9
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs) 3--9
Mode of Action of SERDs 3--9
Approved SERDs 3--9
Aromatase Inhibitors 3--10
Mode of Action of Aromatase Inhibitors 3--10
Approved Aromatase Inhibitors 3--10
Emerging Aromatase Inhibitors 3--12
LHRH Agonists 3--13
Mode of Action of LHRH Agonists 3--13
Approved LHRH Agonists 3--14

Chapter 4: Innovative Therapy for Breast Cancer 4--1

Targeting Growth Factors 4--1
The erbB Receptor Family 4--1
erbB1/EGFR 4--2
erbB2/EGFR2/HER2 4--4
Targeting Growth Factors (IGF) 4--5
Targeting Angiogenesis 4--6
Vascular Endothelial Growth Factor (VEGF) 4--6
Targeting Farnesylation 4--8
Targeting the MEK Pathway 4--9
Targeting the mTOR Pathway 4--10
Targeting Apoptosis 4--11
Targeting DNA Synthesis and Repair 4--13
Targeting the Proteasome 4--13

Chapter 5: Immunotherapy for Breast Cancer 5--1

Cancer Vaccines and Breast Cancer 5--1
Current Approaches in Cancer Vaccine Development 5--1
Approved and Emerging Cancer Vaccines 5--2
Approved Cancer Vaccines 5--2
Emerging Breast Cancer Vaccines 5--2
Adjuvants 5--6
Approved and Emerging Monoclonal Antibodies 5--7
Categories of Monoclonal Antibodies 5--7
Naked Monoclonal Antibodies 5--7
Conjugated Monoclonal Antibodies 5--8
Approved and Emerging Monoclonal Antibodies 5--9
Approved Monoclonal Antibodies 5--9
Emerging Monoclonal Antibodies 5--13

Chapter 6: Chemotherapy for Breast Cancer 6--1

Historical Timeline 6--1
Chemotherapy Categorization 6--2
Antimetabolites 6--2
Mitotic Inhibitors 6--2
Alkylating Agents 6--3
Anthracyclines 6--3
Topoisomerase II Inhibitors 6--3
Approved Chemotherapy Drugs for Breast Cancer 6--3
Emerging Chemotherapy Drugs for Breast Cancer 6--7
Combination Chemotherapy 6--10

Chapter 7: Technology and Breast Cancer 7--1

Gene Cloning and Characterization 7--1
Gene Expression Profiling 7--2
Proteomics 7--3
RNAi 7--3
Bioinformatics 7--4
Population Genetics 7--4
Biomarkers 7--5
Diagnostics and Prognosis 7--7

Chapter 8: The Breast Cancer Market 8--1

Endocrine Therapies 8--1
Selective Estrogen Receptor Modulators (SERMs) 8--3
Selective Estrogen Receptor Downregulators (SERDs) 8--5
Aromatase Inhibitors 8--5
Arimidexｮ 8--6
Femaraｮ 8--6
Aromasinｮ 8--7
Luteinizing Hormone-Releasing Hormone Analogs (LHRH Analogs) 8--7
Innovative Therapies 8--7
Immunotherapies 8--8
The Chemotherapy Market 8--9

Chapter 9: Future Perspectives 9--1

Therapeutic Potential 9--1
Market Potential 9--2
Breast Cancer Treatment and The Future 9--2
Breast Cancer and The Patient 9--3
Summary 9--3

Chapter 10: Expert Interviews 10--1

James D. Winkler, Ph.D., Senior Director, Discovery Biology, Array BioPharma 10--1
Dr. George Blackledge, Senior Oncology Physician, AstraZeneca 10--4
Dr. Rene Bernards, Chief Scientific Officer, Agendia 10--6
Dr. Thomas J. Schuetz, Chief Medical Officer and Senior VP of Medical Affairs, Therion Biologics 10--9

Chapter 11: Company Profiles 11--1

Aeterna Zentaris Inc 11--1
Agendia BV 11--5
American Pharmaceutical Partners, Inc 11--8
Array BioPharma Inc. 11--12
AstraZeneca plc 11--16
Bristol Myers Squibb 11--21
Dendreon Corporation 11--25
Eli Lilly and Company 11--29
Genentech, Inc 11--33
Genta, Inc. 11--38
Igeneon 11--41
Novartis AG 11--44
Sanofi-aventis 11--49
Therion Biologics Corporation 11--53
ViRexx Medical Corp. 11--56

Chapter 12: References 12--1

TABLE OF EXHIBITS

Exhibit 2.1 Risk Factors Associated with Breast Cancer 2--2
Exhibit 2.2 Examples of Sub-groups of Breast Cancer Patients 2--3
Exhibit 2.3 Pink Breast Cancer Ribbon 2--4
Exhibit 3.1 Illustration of Estrogen Action 3--2
Exhibit 3.2 Tissue Distribution of Estrogen Receptor ・and 3--3
Exhibit 3.3 Key Classes of Endocrine Therapy for Breast Cancer 3--4
Exhibit 3.4 The Dual Role of SERMs on Breast and Uterine Tissue 3--5
Exhibit 3.5 Approved SERMs for Breast Cancer Treatment 3--6
Exhibit 3.6 Characteristics of the Ideal SERM 3--7
Exhibit 3.7 Emerging SERMs 3--8
Exhibit 3.8 Approved SERDs 3--9
Exhibit 3.9 Approved Aromatase Inhibitors 3--11
Exhibit 3.10 Emerging Aromatase Inhibitors 3--13
Exhibit 3.11 Mode of Action of Zoladexｮ 3--14
Exhibit 3.12 Approved LHRH Agonists 3--15
Exhibit 4.1 Illustration of the Four erbB (EGFR) Receptor Sub-types 4--2
Exhibit 4.2 Emerging Therapeutics Targeting erb1 (EGFR) 4--3
Exhibit 4.3 Approved Therapeutics Targeting erbB2 (Her2/EGFR2/neu) 4--4
Exhibit 4.4 Emerging Therapeutics Targeting erbB2 (and multiple erbBs) 4--5
Exhibit 4.5 Emerging Therapeutics Targeting Angiogenesis 4--7
Exhibit 4.6 Emerging Therapeutics Targeting Farnesyl Transferases 4--8
Exhibit 4.7 Emerging Therapeutics Targeting the MEK Pathway 4--9
Exhibit 4.8 Emerging Therapeutics Targeting the mTOR Pathway 4--10
Exhibit 4.9 RAD001 Effects on Tumor and Vascular Cells 4--11
Exhibit 5.1 Breast Cancer Vaccines in Clinical Development 5--3
Exhibit 5.2 Mechanism of Action of Therion's Cancer Vaccines 5--4
Exhibit 5.3 Mechanism of Action of Dendreon's Therapeutic Vaccines 5--5
Exhibit 5.4 Adjuvants for Cancer Vaccines in Clinical Development 5--6
Exhibit 5.5 Approved Non-conjugated Monoclonal Antibodies 5--8
Exhibit 5.6 FDA-Approved Monoclonal Antibodies for Treating Cancer 5--10
Exhibit 5.7 Mode of Action of Herceptinｮ 5--11
Exhibit 5.8 Timeline of Herceptinｮ Development 5--12
Exhibit 5.9 Emerging Monoclonal Antibodies for Breast Cancer 5--13
Exhibit 6.1 Historical Milestones Associated with Chemotherapy Development 6--2
Exhibit 6.2 Approved Chemotherapy Drugs for Breast Cancer 6--4
Exhibit 6.3 Phase III Chemotherapy Agents 6--7
Exhibit 6.4 Structure of Targaceuticalｮ 6--8
Exhibit 6.5 Select Phase II Chemotherapy Agents 6--9
Exhibit 6.6 Gemzar and Paclitaxel as Combination Therapy 6--11
Exhibit 7.1 Drug Targets Associated with Breast Cancer Therapeutics 7--2
Exhibit 7.2 Tumor Marker Testing in Breast Cancer 7--6
Exhibit 8.1 Key/Emerging Players in the Endocrine Therapy Market for Breast Cancer 8--2
Exhibit 8.2 Sales of Endocrine Therapies for Breast Cancer (2003 and 2004) 8--3
Exhibit 8.3 Sales of Nolvadexｮ (tamoxifen) from 2001 to 2004 8--4
Exhibit 8.4 Sales of Approved Aromatase Inhibitors (2003-2004) 8--6
Exhibit 4.10 Emerging Therapeutics Targeting Apoptosis 4--12
Exhibit 4.11 Emerging Therapeutics Targeting DNA Synthesis and Repair 4--13
Exhibit 4.12 Emerging Therapeutics Targeting the Proteasome 4--14

乳癌治療：治療法の進化と今後の展望

Breast Cancer Therapeutics: How Innovation is Shaping Future Therapies

Abstract

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