バイオインフォマティクスの市場機会

Abstract

With vast amounts of information being generated due to advancements in biotechnology, there arises a need to effectively control and manage the information so generated. Information Technology provides a mechanism more popularly known as bioinformatics, which facilitates this process. Information technology (IT) has become a critical factor in pharmaceutical research and development (R&D). Bioinformatics is the computer-assisted data management discipline that helps us gather, analyze, and represent information in order to educate ourselves, understand life's processes in the healthy and disease states, and find new or better drugs. This field has exploded out of the world of molecular biology and the Human Genome Project. Pharmaceutical companies are achieving increased research efficiency by the introduction of new approaches to the design, synthesis, screening and optimization of drug candidates. IT is an important support function for all of those activities and there are certain functions and operations that cannot be performed without IT. Informatics represents the deployment of Information Technology to manage, analyze, and store biological data. Beyond data management, informatics represents the only way to analyze large pools of genomic information. Informatics finds application in Target Validation, Lead Optimization, Exploratory development etc.

Bioinformatics plays a key role in functionalities such as gather, store, classify, analyze, and distribute biological information derived from sequencing and functional analysis projects. In Bioinformatics, the real long-term value lies in converting the data into useful therapeutics and hence efforts are on to make the bioinformatics tools as standardized and easy as possible, which is similar to the development of standardized computer operating systems. Most publicly held informatics companies had initial public offerings in the second half of 2000. Since then, the biotechnology index has suffered a major setback, and informatics stocks have reacted in sympathy mostly to the downside. Growth in the informatics industry is largely contingent on continued spending on drug discovery. The market for Bioinformatics isn't large enough to support a company built around one or two high-cost software programs targeted to a relatively small user group. As we assess the market or potential market of Bioinformatics we must consider the strategies effective to reach different, or all, parts of the potential market. Strategies focused at the high margin big Pharma market (limited in opportunities) or strategies designed to embrace all biological scientist (but of reduced or variable margin). Also, certain bioinformatics-based companies are leveraging their technologies to become fully integrated drug discovery operations. Other bioinformatics companies are merging with drug discovery companies, resulting in a substitute technological approach to drug development.

The convergence of biotechnology and computing has already resulted in a number of alliances, which could result in mergers between previously distinct industries. In future, we may see a combination of pharmaceutical and computing firms bringing together their research as well as IT capabilities. In future we may see alliances between pharmaceutical, software as well as firms, which have strong marketing capabilities. The field would also witness the entry of new players such as computing and telecommunication firms. The challenge facing bioinformatics researchers is simply making sense of the plethora of genomic data while constantly refining their technology, research approaches. The real opportunities are in finding out how all the shards of information relate to one another, and what this means for real world applications. Recognizing bioinformatics as central to accelerating drug discovery, big pharma and biotech firms are expected to invest heavily in internal capabilities, or meet their needs through outsourcing. As the market matures, collaborative industry initiatives may drive even more bioinformatics demand. Innovation will depend on the integration of databases across functions and across companies.

Table of Contents

INTRODUCTION 5

• BIOTECHNOLOGY DEFINED 5
• TISSUE CULTURE 6
• CELL FUSION 8
• EMBRYO TRANSFER 9
• RECOMBINANT DNA TECHNOLOGY 9

APPLICATIONS OF BIOTECHNOLOGY 10

• HEALTHCARE 10
• AGRICULTURAL BIOTECHNOLOGY 13

THE HUMAN GENOME PROJECT (HGP) 14

• GOALS OF THE HUMAN GENOME PROJECT 15
• BENEFITS OF THE HUMAN GENOME PROJECT 17

GENOMICS 19

ROLE OF IT 20

• DATA MANAGEMENT 24
• EXPERIMENTATION, SIMULATION AND INFORMATION 25
• RESEARCH EFFICIENCY 26

INFORMATICS 27

• DEFINITION & ROLE OF BIOINFORMATICS 27
• TYPES OF DATA AND BIOINFORMATICS APPLICATIONS 33
• HISTORICAL PERSPECTIVE 34
• CURRENT STATE 36
• FUNCTIONS OF INFORMATICS SOFTWARE 36

INDUSTRY CHARACTERISTICS 37

• TARGET MARKETS FOR INFORMATICS SOFTWARE 37
• STEPS INVOLVED IN BRINGING A DRUG TO MARKET 38
• COSTS INCURRED IN DEVELOPING A NEW DRUG 39
• INDUSTRY DRIVERS AND CHALLENGES 41
• INDUSTRY RISKS 44

PRODUCTS, PROCESSES & TOOLS OF BIOINFORMATICS 49

• PRODUCTS OF BIOINFORMATICS 49
• BIOINFORMATICS PROCESSES 50
• INFORMATICS TOOLS AND FUNCTIONALITIES 50

ROLE OF BIOINFORMATICS IN THE BIOTECHNOLOGY VALUE CHAIN 51

BIOINFORMATICS MARKET SEGMENTS 52

• DATABASE 52
• HARDWARE 52
• SOFTWARE 52
• BIOINFORMATICS SERVICES 53

BIOINFORMATICS MARKET SIZE 54

• METHODOLOGY 55
• SALES AND R&D 55
• IT BUDGET 56
• PROJECTED BIOINFORMATICS MARKET SIZE 57
• BIOINFORMATICS MARKET BREAK-UP 58

BIOINFORMATICS BUSINESS MODELS 59

• CHANGING BUSINESS MODELS 61

COMPETITION FOR PURE PLAY INFORMATICS FIRMS 63

• NONPROFIT ORGANIZATIONS 63
• IN-HOUSE BIOINFORMATICS SOLUTIONS 63
• LARGE IT COMPANIES 64

BIOINFORMATICS TARGET SCIENTIFIC DISCIPLINES 65

• COMPARATIVE GENOMICS 65
• PHARMACOGENOMICS 66
• FUNCTIONAL GENOMICS 66
• PROTEOMICS 67
• STRUCTURAL GENOMICS 69
• IMAGE INFORMATICS 70
• CLINICAL TRIAL INFORMATICS 70

BIOINFORMATICS ARCHITECTURE 71

BIOINFORMATICS APPLICATIONS 73

• DATA SEARCH TOOLS 73
• DATA VISUALIZATION TOOLS 73
• DATA MINING AND CLUSTERING APPLICATIONS 73
• ENTERPRISE SOLUTIONS 74
• DATAWAREHOUSING 74

EVALUATION OF BIOINFORMATIC SOLUTIONS 74

• REQUIREMENTS STUDY 75
• SHORTLISTING THE OPTIONS 75
• SCORING PATTERNS 75
• PERFORMANCE 78

DATA STORAGE 78

• DATA MANAGEMENT IN DRUG DISCOVERY 79
• KEY ISSUES IN BIOINFORMATICS STORAGE 80

CONVERGENCE OF INDUSTRIES 80

• PROTEINS AS A DRIVER 82
• BIOTECH ALLIANCES 84

CURRENT BIOINFORMATICS RESEARCH 84

• PATENTING BIOINFORMATICS ALGORITHMS 85

CURRENT STATE OF THE INDUSTRY 85

THE FUTURE 87

• TRENDS FOR THE FUTURE 88
• KEY APPLICATIONS OF THE FUTURE 89

Vendor Profiles

• 1. 3RD MILLENIUM INC. (WWW.3RDMIL.COM)
• 2. ACCELRYS (WWW.ACCELRYS.COM)
• 3. ACLARA (WWW.ACLARA.COM)
• 4. AGILENT TECHNOLOGIES (WWW.AGILENT.COM)
• 5. ALGONOMICS (WWW.ALGONOMICS.COM)
• 6. AFFYMETRIX (WWW.AFFYMETRIX.COM)
• 7. ALKAMI BIOSYSTEMS (WWW.ALKAMI.COM)
• 8. ANVIL (WWW.ANVILINFORMATICS.COM)
• 9. BIODISCOVERY (WWW.BIODISCOVERY.COM)
• 10. BIOINFORMATICS SOLUTIONS (WWW.BIOINFORMATICSSOLUTIONS.COM)
• 11. BIOSENTIENTS (WWW.BIOSENTIENTS.COM)
• 12. BIOTOOLS INC. (WWW.BIOTOOLS.COM)
• 13. BLACKSTONE COMPUTING (WWW.BLACKSTONECOMPUTING.COM)
• 14. CELERA (WWW.CELERA.COM)
• 15. COMPUGEN (WWW.CGEN.COM)
• 16. CURAGEN (WWW.CURAGEN.COM)
• 17. DECODON (WWW.DECODON.COM)
• 18. DISCOVERY PARTNERS INTERNATIONAL (WWW.DISCOVERYPARTNERS.COM)
• 19. GENEDATA (WWW.GENEDATA.COM)
• 20. GENE LOGIC (WWW.GENELOGIC.COM)
• 21. GENODYSSEE (WWW.GENODYSSE.COM)
• 22. GENOMICS COLLABORATIVE (WWW.GENOMICSINC.COM)
• 23. GENOMIC SOLUTIONS (WWW.GENOMICSOLUTIONS.COM)
• 24. GEOSPIZA (WWW.GEOSPIZA.COM)
• 25. IMAGING RESEARCH (WWW.IMAGINGRESEARCH.COM)
• 26. INCYTE (WWW.INCYTE.COM)
• 27. INFORMAX (WWW.INFORMAXINC.COM)
• 28. KSHEMA TECHNOLOGIES (WWW.KSHEMA.COM)
• 29. LABSTREAM (WWW.LABSTREAM.COM)
• 30. LION BIOSCIENCE (WWW.LIONBIOSCIENCE.COM)
• 31. MOLECULAR MINING (WWW.MOLECULARMINING.COM)
• 32. NEXUS GENOMICS (WWW.NEXUSGENOMICS.COM)
• 33. PARACEL (WWW.PARACEL.COM)
• 34. PARTEK (WWW.PARTEK.COM)
• 35. ROSETTA INPHARMICS (WWW.RII.COM)
• 36. SILCON GENETICS (WWW.SILICONGENETICS.COM)
• 37. SPOTFIRE (WWW.SPOTFIRE.COM)
• 38. STRAND GENOMICS PVT. LTD. (WWW.STRANDGENOMICS.COM)
• 39. STRUCTURAL BIOINFORMATICS INC. (WWW.STRUBIX.COM)
• 40. THIRD WAVE TECHNOLOGIES (WWW.TWT.COM)
• 41. TIMELOGIC (WWW.TIMELOGIC.COM)
• 42. TRIPOS (WWW.TRIPOS.COM)
• 43. TURBOGENOMICS (WWW.TURBOGENOMICS.COM)

List of Figures

• Figure 1: Venture Capital Investments in biotechnology
• Figure 2: Number of Venture Capital deals in biotechnology
• Figure 3: Equity investments in biotechnology during year 2001
• Figure 4: Informatics applications along the drug discovery value chain
• Figure 5: Bioinformatics software functionalities
• Figure 6: Growth of GenBank
• Figure 7: EMBL Database Growth
• Figure 8: Steps involved in bringing a drug to market
• Figure 9: Break up of the total costs in developing a new drug ($ US Million)
• Figure 10: Role of Bioinformatics in the biotechnology value chain
• Figure 11: Worldwide projected sales and R&D Expenditure ($ US Billion)
• Figure 12: Worldwide projected growth in IT Budget ($ US Billion)
• Figure 13: Worldwide projected Bioinformatics market ($ US Billion)
• Figure 14: Worldwide Bioinformatics market break-up ($ US Billion)
• Figure 15: Steps of a Proteomics experiment
• Figure 16: Bioinformatics Architecture

List of Tables

• Table 1: Leading Biotechnology companies
• Table 2: Data source and Bioinformatic Investigations
• Table 3: Drivers and challenges of the Bioinformatics industry
• Table 4: Bioinformatics courses on offer
• Table 5: Web based Bioinformatics courses on offer
• Table 6 - Bioinformatics activities, sub activities and key players
• Table 7: Alliances between IT/Telecom and Biotechnology firms