The process of creating a new drug is lengthy and complex. From discovery to development to market, there are numerous pitfalls. In this report, Kalorama focuses on one of the trickiest yet also most promising areas: the interface between discovery and development known as lead optimization.
The pressure is on: get better lead compounds faster and at less cost. The amount of money wasted on leads that fail is excessive. And the attrition rate to get a lead is huge. One estimate is that for every 100,000 compounds screened, about 100 hits are identified. Of these 100 hits, only one makes it to the lead compound stage. Between 40% and 60% of these lead compounds fail ADMET testing. Only 10% of IND submissions get approved. Over 72% of the costs for drug development are wasted on failures.
Three years ago, industry experts were saying that something radically different needs to happen, that the whole drug discovery process needs to be re-engineered. Today, the solutions are beginning to emerge: new assays, new computer models, better libraries, and high-throughput screening for ADMET characteristics. Early ADMET is now in the development stage, and improvements are coming rapidly from many directions. Researchers are now getting the tools to assess ADMET earlier in the discovery process.
The market for these tools and for lead optimization services is growing rapidly. This fact, in addition to overwhelming interest in the lead optimization areas of Kalorama Information's May 2003 report Outsourcing in Drug Discovery, caused us to take a deeper look at this exciting area of research.
Study Objectives
This report was undertaken with the following objectives in mind:
- Understand the role LeadOpt plays in drug discovery:
- Survey and detail the technologies and tools used in LeadOpt
- Explore the market for outsourced LeadOpt services
- Describe the market for tools used in LeadOpt
- Present customers' approaches to LeadOpt: both biotech and pharma views
- Profile leading suppliers of LeadOpt tools & services
- Describe what to expect regarding the future of LeadOpt.
Report Structure
The report is organized into eight chapters. After an Executive Summary, Chapter 2 looks at the technologies applied to LeadOpt—ADMET and the various 'omics' disciplines (genomics, proteomics, transcriptomics, metabonomics, toxicogenomics, etc.) and where they fit into the picture.
Chapters 3 and 4 look at the dual markets in LeadOpt, tools and services, respectively. Each chapter reviews the key players, products, and markets for that segment.
Chapter 5 explores how pharmas and biotechs approach LeadOpt. Based on in-depth interviews, this chapter provides valuable insights into how suppliers are selected and what companies need to do to attract this business. The future of LeadOpt is considered in Chapter 6. This identifies customer needs, opportunities, and what directions suppliers are likely to take to meet these needs.
Chapter 7 provides profiles of 40 companies serving the LeadOpt market: 20 tool suppliers and 20 service suppliers. They were selected to provide a cross-section of the types of company, products, and services being offered. A directory of over 100 companies involved in LeadOpt may be found in the Appendix.
Table of Contents
Chapter 1: EXECUTIVE SUMMARY
- Understanding Drug Discovery
- Role of Lead Optimization
- Report Objectives & Structure
- Results Summary
Chapter 2 LEAD OPTIMIZATIONS & "-OMICS"
- Understanding ADMET
- Structure Activity Relationships
- In-silico, In-vitro, In-vivo Approaches
- Genomics & Pharmaco-Genomics
- Proteomics
- Transcriptomics
- Metabonomics
- Toxicogenomics
Chapter 3: MARKETS FOR LEAD OPT TOOLS
- ADMET Assays
- In-silico Software
- Chemical Synthesis Instruments & Arrays
Chapter 4: MARKETS FOR LEAD OPT SERVICES
- Case Study: Evotec OAI
- Early ADMET
- Predictive Modeling
- Compound Synthesis
- Focused Libraries
Chapter 5: CUSTOMERS FOR LEADOPT
- Big Pharma Approaches to LeadOpt
- Biotech Approaches to LeadOpt
- How Suppliers are Selected
Chapter 6: FUTURE OF LEADOPT
- Customer Wants & Needs
- Service Suppliers
- Tools Suppliers
- Opportunities & Growth
Chapter 7. SUPPLIER PROFILES
- Service Suppliers
- Absorption Systems
- Albany Molecular
- Amedis
- Argenta
- ArQule,
- BioFocus
- CMT
- Cerep
- ChemBridge
- ComGenex
- Entelos
- Evotec OAI
- Gene Logic
- Inpharmatica
- Millennium
- NiKem
- NoAb
- Pharmacopeia
- Quintiles
- Upstate
Tools Suppliers:
- Accelyrs
- Aclara
- Affymetrix
- Amersham
- Biacore
- Bio-Rad
- CST
- Charles River Labs
- Gene Logic
- Invitrogen
- Lion
- MDS Sciex
- PHASE-1
- Pierce
- pION
- Promega
- Simulations Plus
- Tecan
- Tripos
- Xceleron
Appendix: DIRECTORY OF SUPPLIERS
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