高度道路交通システム - 5.9GHz帯域における短距離通信：技術および市場

Abstract

This report addresses marketing and technological issues of the new DSRC technology, licensed in the U.S. in the 5.9 GHz band. This technology, as it seen today, may eventually replace existing systems: the 915 MHz DSRC in the U.S. and the 5.8 GHz DSRC in Europe.

The development of this new technology is a response on the users and government organizations demand to establish the industry standard, system compatibility and improve road safety.

Vehicular communications are becoming a reality, driven by navigation safety requirements and by the investments of car manufacturers and Public Transport Authorities. Safe navigation support through wireless car- to- car and car- to- curb communications has become an important priority for car manufacturers as well as Municipal Transportation Authorities and communications standards organizations.

Standardization plays a very important role in the success of any potential large-scale deployment of a DSRC technology. A national deployment requires interoperability of equipment and systems coming from many different manufacturers, hardware / software certifications, compliance testing and security. A complete suite of standards is currently under development within IEEE and other standard organizations and these are expected to eventually migrate into ISO on a global scale. IEEE 802.11p addresses the physical layer and medium access control layer (MAC) called 802.11p module. The upper layers (network and others) of the communication stack are being developed within IEEE 1609 (Wave Management, Channel Management, & Resource Manager) and IEEE 1556 (DSRC Security) through the normal IEEE committee process. The vehicle aspects are being developed and evaluated through VSCC / CAMP (represents seven major automotive manufacturers) and SAE is developing the message set, data dictionary and application framework standards.

5.9 GHz DSRC is the emerging communication technology that offers standardized ITS products and benefits in national large-scale deployments. U.S. DOT and the automotive OEMs will be the strategic players making deployment decisions in the year 2008 timeframe (when the IEEE 802.11p is planned for ratification).

5.9 GHz DSRC systems provide a significant enhancement in communication capabilities over all previous ITS systems. DSRC will support multiple uses in vehicle / public safety and commercial applications that cannot be achieved today. DSRC is a cost-effective communications service, especially when compared with current cellular and satellite systems.

The technology can be leveraged for Open Road ETC (electronic Toll Collection) and mobile 802.11 Wi-Fi deployments, creating nationally interoperable systems and networks. DSRC is the technology for the 2010 decade and beyond.

Key Findings:

• At the present time, DSRC systems are not compatible with each other
• In the U.S., the prevailing technology is 915 MHz DSRC
• In Europe, the prevailing technology is 5.8 GHz DSRC
• 5.9 GHz DSRC has many advantages, and it is under development by various research and standards organizations
• This technology is envisioned as a replacement of all existing DSRC. This replacement will be gradual, and for several years new and old systems will co-exist. It is not expected that the new systems will create any noticeable interference into the old systems
• The commercial introduction of 5.9 GHz systems is expected in 2008 when IEEE ratifies the 802.11p standard
• At the present time, the 5.9 GHz systems market is mostly limited to research and testing
• The 5.9 GHz technology maturing is expected in the 2012-2014 time frame.

Research Methodology

Considerable research was done using the Internet. Information from various Web sites was studied and analyzed. Evaluation of publicly available marketing and technical publications was conducted. Telephone conversations and interviews were held with industry analysts, technical experts and executives. In addition to these interviews and primary research, secondary sources were used to develop a more complete mosaic of the market landscape, including industry and trade publications, conferences and seminars.

The overriding objective throughout the work has been to provide valid and relevant information. This has led to a continual review and update of the information content.

Target Audience

This report is important to a wide population of researches, technical and sales staff involved in the developing of high-speed wireless services and products for transportation. It is recommended for both service providers and vendors that are working with related technologies. The report also helps to understand issues associated with relationship between ITS wireless communications and other technologies.

Table of Contents

1.0 Introduction

• 1.1 Goal
• 1.2 IEEE802.11
• 1.3 Scope
• 1.4 Research Methodology
• 1.5 Target Audience

2.0 Intelligent Transport Systems

• 2.1 General
• 2.2 History: U.S.
• 2.3 ITS Architecture: U.S.
• 2.4 Technologies
• 2.5 ITS Applications
• 2.6 National Transportation Communications for ITS Protocol (NTCIP)

3.0 Wireless Communications Protocols: 5.9 GHz DSRC Basis

• 3.1 General
• 3.2 IEEE 802.11p
  • 3.2.1 General
  • 3.2.2 Objectives and Status
  • 3.2.3 5.9 GHz Transmission Advantages
  • 3.2.4 Major Features
• 3.3 IEEE 1609
  • 3.3.1 General
  • 3.3.2 Overview
  • 3.3.3 IEEE 1609 in Use
• 3.4 IEEE 1556

4.0 5.9 GHz DSRC

• 4.1 History
• 4.2 Equipment
• 4.3 Details: Dedicated Short Range Communications
  • 4.3.1 Other Standards
• 4.4 Channel Designation
• 4.5 Place
• 4.6 Applications
• 4.7 5.9 GHz DSRC Characteristics (U.S.)
• 4.8 DSRC at Work
  • 4.8.1 Service Categories
  • 4.8.2 Requirements: DSRC
• 4.9 Regulation
  • 4.9.1 Licensing
• 4.10 Comparison

5.0 DSRC Worldwide Standard Activity

• 5.1 General
• 5.2 Process
  • ERTICO
  • ETSI
  • ISO
  • SAE
  • OmniAir Consortium
  • North America
  • Japan
  • Korea
  • Brazil

6.0 5.9 GHz DSRC Benefits and Limitations

• 6.1 General
  • 6.1.2 Toll Industry Benefits

7.0 Examples

• 7.1 Demonstration
• 7.2 DaimlerChrysler Builds Car-to-Car Information Bridge

8.0 RFID and DSRC: Similarities and Differences

9.0 Market

• 9.1 Market Drivers
• 9.2 Market Requirements
• 9.3 Data
• 9.4 Market Estimate

10.0 Vendors

• Arinc
• Cornet
• Iteris
• Kapsch
• Mark IV
• Oki
• Q-Free
• Raytheon
• Signalion
• Sirit
• TransCore
• TechnoCom

11.0 Conclusions

Figures

• Figure 1: IEEE 802.11 Family of Standards Evolution
• Figure 2: Wireless Communications: ITS Environment
• Figure 3 ITS Architecture
• Figure 4: NTCIP Structure
• Figure 5: Communications Model
• Figure 6: 5.9 GHz DSRC: Spectrum Allocation Details
• Figure 7: Details
• Figure 8: Major Categories
• Figure 9: Collision Detection/Avoidance System
• Figure 10: Work Zone Warning
• Figure 11: "Smart" Car
• Figure 12: 5.9 GHz DSRC Rate vs. Distance
• Figure 13: Logical Flow
• Figure 14: DSRC Frequencies Planning
• Figure 15: Service-related Characteristics
• Figure 16: 915 MHz and 5.9 GHz DSRC Differences
• Figure 17: 5.9 GHz SDRC Program schedule
• Figure 18: N.A. 5.9 GHz DSRC Program
• Figure 19: Market Estimate: 5.9 GHz DSRC Readers ($M)
• Figure 20: Market Estimate: 5.9 GHz DSRC Tags ($M)

Tables

• Table 1: IEEE 802.11a Standard Major Characteristics
• Table 2: IEEE 802.11b Standard Major Characteristics
• Table 3: IEEE 802.11g Standard Major Characteristics
• Table 4: 5.9 GHz DSRC U.S. Characteristics
• Table 5: Outline of DSRC Characteristics (Japan)
• Table 6: Priorities
• Table 7: Requirements
• Table 8: Summary Standards
• Table 9: 5.9 GHz DSRC Advantages
• Table 10: DSRC Benefits