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The Answers to Your Questions

• How much global generating capacity potential exists inresidues, how is this split between crop, livestock and forestresidues?
• Which biomass fuels are most cost effective at present in termsof availability and collection, transportation and technology costs?
• What are the options available for introducing biomass into existing operations? Which method is the most cost effective andwill this change over time?
• How will European biomass power generation grow between now and 2020 and how does this compare to hydro-electric andwind power?
• What proportion of urban waste can be burned as a biomass fuel? How does this compare to agricultural and forestry residues?

In the twenty-first century, energy producers must meet environmentaltargets, leading to a shift away from fossil fuels and towards renewable sources of energy. As a result biomass is becoming an increasingly attractive option to energy providers.

Biomass is simple and cost effective with some estimates predicting that by 2050, it could provide 50% of the world s primary energy needs. The next ten years will see the development of efficient systemsto convert biomass into electricity and spur the development of a fast growth new global bio-power industry.

The Future of Global Biomass Power Generation: The technology, economics and impact of biomass power generation is a strategicmanagement report detailing existing biomass resources and the costs and efficacy of introducing new energy crop resources in the future. It appraises the various means of converting these resources to power in cost and energy efficiency terms whilst also considering the environmental impact. Why will biomass soon become an essentialaspect of power generation? Examining the Key Issues

The Future of Global Biomass Power Generation: The technology,economics and impact of biomass power generation is based uponunique expert analysis and research, the results of which will help you understand:

• How and why current levels of biomass consumption vary significantly by geography and the implications for future biomasspower generation
• The present and future potential sources of biomass fuel, thelevels of residues, urban waste and fuelwood in each continent and which energy crops are most suited to each region
• The environmental effects of biomass power generation. Acomparison of emissions from biomass and fossil fuels, and the levels of energy consumed per unit of electricity delivered
• The prospects for biomass in the future, the key drivers andresistors of growth and forecasts for capacity by region to 2020
• Key findings from this report
• Modern, direct fired biomass power plants are relativelyinefficient. The introduction of steam turbine technology already inuse in coal fired plants, will raise efficiency levels significantly
• Biomass power plants produce more electricity for each unit of energy they consume than either coal or gas-fired power plant according to life cycle assessments of power plants burning both fossil and biomass fuels
• European and US state targets cannot be met withoutintroducing some biomass generation since only biomass and windenergy are capable of delivering large tranches of renewable energy at an acceptable cost
• Fuel from dedicated energy plantations is required for biomassto reach it s full potential, preparation will take at least a year and itwill not yield a crop for up to seven years

The Value Proposition

Benefit from over 120 pages of expert insight and analysis, enablingyou to:

• Assess the potential size of the biomass market, the size andtypes of fuel available and cost comparison with traditional fuels
• Identify the most effective biomass conversion technology usingan assessment of the range of choices from direct firing, through co-firing to gasification and more specialised methods
• Determine which forms of biomass are the most cost effectiveand energy efficient. How will this change as the market grows?
• Evaluate the viability of energy crops. Which crops have thehighest yields where do they flourish and what is the environmental impact of their cultivation?
• Improve your planning using this report s forecasts. Anticipatestricter emissions targets and the effect on your costs of these changes

Table of Contents

Executive Summary

Introduction

Global biomass reserves

Energy crops

Biomass conversion technologies

Environmental implications

The economics of biomass power generation

The future

Chapter 1 Introduction

Summary

Introduction

Electricity from biomass

Sources of biomass fuel

The structure of the report

Chapter 2 Global biomass resources

Summary

Introduction

Residues

Crop residues

Livestock residues

Forestry residues

Urban waste

Fuelwood

Energy crops

Chapter 3 Energy cropsSummary

Introduction

Types of energy crop

Raising an energy crop

Harvesting and transportation

Yields

Chapter 4 Biomass energy conversion

technologies

Summary

Introduction

Direct firing of biomass

Stoker combustors

Suspension combustion

Fluidized bed combustion

Steam cycle improvements

Fuel handling

Whole tree system

Co-firing

Biomass gasification

Integrated gasification combined cycle

Biomass fuel cell power plant

Anaerobic biomass decomposition

Biomass digesters

Chapter 5 The environmental effects of

biomass power generation

Summary

Introduction

The carbon cycle and atmospheric warming

Biomass and carbon dioxide

Atmospheric emissions

Life cycle assessment

Energy crops

Waste fuel

Agricultural wastesForestry residues

Urban waste

Chapter 6 The economics of biomass power

generation

Summary

Introduction

Technology costs

Co-firing

Direct-fired biomass plant

Biomass gasification

Landfill gas

Fuel costs

Californian biomass costs

Individual waste fuel costs

Energy crops

Delivered fuel costs

Generation costs

Chapter 7 The prospects for biomass power

generation

Summary

Introduction

Biomass power generation development

Cogeneration

Drivers and resistors

Drivers

Environment

Security

Economics

Waste disposal

Renewable quotas and green certificates

Resistors

Technology

Agricultural infrastructure

Power industry inertia

Regulatory barriers

Financial risk

The future

Conclusion

Index and References

Index

References

List of Figures

Figure 2.1: Global agricultural residues, 1987

Figure 4.2: The efficiency of biomass combustion technologies

Figure 7.3: European biomass generating capacity by year

List of Tables

Table 1.1: Current biomass generating capacity

Table 2.2: Global agricultural residues, 1987 (EJ)

Table 2.3: Global bagasse residues

Table 2.4: Global livestock residues, 1987 (EJ)

Table 2.5: Total fuelwood production, 1999

Table 3.6: Annual energy crop yields in the US

Table 3.7: Annual energy crop yields across the world

Table 4.8: Biomass combustion technologies

Table 5.9: Atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations

Table 5.10: Typical atmospheric emissions from combustion power plants kg/MWh

Table 5.11: Power plant total energy balance

Table 6.12: The cost of biomass and coal-fired technologies

Table 6.13: The cost of waste fuel in California

Table 6.14: The cost of US waste biomass

Table 6.15: The cost of US biomass fuels

Table 6.16: The cost of biomass plantation fuel

Table 7.17: Biomass power generation targets, 2020

Table 7.18: European biomass generating capacity by year

Table 7.19: European biomass generating capacity compared against other power generation technologies