ナノテクノロジーと薄膜リチウム/リチウムイオン電池市場でのビジネスチャンス、戦略、予測 2006−2012年

There is a $50B battery market worldwide in 2005. Within that market is a place for evolution of next generation devices; of which include thin film Lithium and Lithium Ion batteries. These technologies depend on the further evolution of nanotechnology.

Thin film batteries (TFB) are positioned to become the next generation of lithium batteries for portable electronic applications. Research has showed the chemistry of turning the hazardous liquid lithium ion into a solid, creating the ability to use lithium ion as an ink or particle that in not hazardous.

Results obtained in the laboratory are being translated into commercial products. Thin film solid-state batteries are because the lithium ion that is implemented as a liquid electrolyte in traditional batteries is replaced with a solid form of the chemical. Thin film solid-state batteries are constructed by depositing the components of the battery as thin films (less than 5μm) on a substrate. The typical structure of a thin film solid-state battery can be illustrated in a schematic cross section.

A sputtered Lipon electrolyte film covers the cathode and a portion of the substrate up to the anode current collector in order to insulate the substrate from direct contact with the anode. For a thin film lithium battery, a thin layer of lithium metal is thermally evaporated on Lipon as the anode.

For a thin film lithium ion battery, a thin layer of Sn3N4 and other materials (deposited by sputtering of Sn target in N2 environment) is used as the anode. Finally, the battery is sealed. Next-generation, ultra-thin rechargeable batteries are for card-type applications. Nano energy devices are thinner than a piece of paper. When embedded in micro devices it acts as an autonomous power source, enabling new functions. Micro battery devices support the development of next generation self-powered micro systems.

A battery is one of two kinds of electrochemical devices that convert the energy released in a chemical reaction directly into electrical energy. In a battery, the reactants are stored close together within the battery itself. In a fuel cell the reactants are stored externally. Both thin film batteries and micro fuel cells promise to further evolve during the forecast period.

This conversion of chemical energy to electrical energy is potentially 100% efficient, whereas the conversion of chemical energy to mechanical energy via a thermal conversion (e.g., internal combustion of gasoline in cars) always results in heat transfer losses limiting the intrinsic efficiency.

The effective surface area of an electrode can be increased without increasing its physical size by making its surface porous and using materials with very fine particle size. This can increase the effective surface area of the electrodes by 1000 to 100,000 times enabling higher current rates to be achieved.

In this manner, nanotechnology holds enormous promise for this market. Nanoparticles can be developed that are used to make a surface very porous and increase the effective surface area of the electrodes.

High capacity cells require large volumes of electrolyte that must be accommodated between the electrodes. This has a double effect in reducing the cell power handling capability. The electrodes must be smaller and further apart to make space for the extra electrolyte and hence they can carry less current. Increased volume of the electrolyte means it takes longer for the chemical actions associated with charging and discharging to propagate completely through the electrolyte to complete the chemical conversion process.

Thin film battery markets in the trial stage in 2005 are anticipated to reach 10 billion units, $11 billion dollars by 2012. The market driving forces are those of wide expansion of portable devices in that time frame. Market development depends on volume capacity. High volume makes the price per unit less to manufacture. With 3.5 billion cell phone users and 67 billion RFID tags per year anticipated in that time frame, it is anticipated that the volumes will be in place to create commercial demand for thin film batteries.

NANOTECHNOLOGY AND THIN FILM LITHIUM AND LITHIUM ION BATTERY EXECUTIVE SUMMARYES

Thin Film Battery Market Positioning

Thin Film Battery Market Driving Forces

Thin Film Battery Market Shares

Thin Film Battery Market Forecasts

1. THIN FILM LITHIUM AND LITHIUM ION BATTERY MARKET DESCRIPTION AND MARKET DYNAMICS

1.1 Thin Film Solid-State Battery Construction

1.2 Battery Is Electrochemical Device

1.3 Battery Depends On Chemical Energy

1.3.1 Characteristics Of Battery Cells

1.3.2 Batteries Are Designed Differently For Various Applications

2. THIN FILM LITHIUM AND LITHIUM ION BATTERY MARKET SHARES AND MARKET FORECASTS

2.1 Thin Film Battery Market Positioning

2.1.1 Thin Film Battery Market Driving Forces

2.2 Thin Film Battery Market Forecasts

2.3 Micro Fuel Cell Market Shares

2.3.1 Micro Fuel Cell Companies

2.3.2 Toshiba Direct Methanol Micro Fuel Cell

2.3.3 Medis Battery-Recharging Fuel Cell

2.3.4 Japanese Micro Fuel Cell Commercialization

2.3.5 United States Micro Fuel Cell Commercialization

2.3.6 Motorola

2.3.7 Ballard

2.3.8 Smart Fuel Cell AG (SFC) Fuel Cell Cost Reduction

2.4 Micro Fuel Cell Market Forecasts

2.4.1 Micro Fuel Cell Market Unit Shipment Forecasts

2.4.2 Micro Fuel Cell Market Shipment Forecasts, Dollars

2.4.3 Micro Fuel Cells Replace Portable Batteries

2.4.4 Viable Commercial Micro Fuel Cell

2.5 Digital Device Forecasts

2.6 Micro Fuel Cell Industry Segment Analysis

2.7 Thin Film Lithium and Lithium Ion Cell Phone Batteries

2.8 Thin Film Batteries On Smart Cards

2.9 Thin Film Batteries in Implantable Medical Devices

2.9.1 Thin Film Batteries in Implantable Medical Devices Market Forecasts

2.9.2 Thin Film Batteries In Semiconductors And Integrated Circuits

2.10 Thin Film Batteries For Portable PCs

2.11 Thin Film Batteries On RFID Tags

2.11.1 RFID Technical Challenges

2.11.2 RFID Market Shares

2.11.3 RFID EPC Tag Market Shares

2.11.4 Symbol Technologies

2.11.5 Philips

2.11.6 Texas Instruments (TI)

2.11.7 Fujitsu RFID Tags

2.11.8 Impinj

2.11.9 EM Microelectronic

2.11.10 Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Market Driving Forces

2.11.11 RFID Market Forecasts

2.11.12 RFID EPC Tag Dollar Shipments

2.11.13 RFID EPC Tag Unit Shipments

2.12 Thin Film Battery Automotive And National Security Market

2.12.1 Integrated Thin Film Battery Personal Transport Power System Market Driving Forces

2.12.2 US And Its Allies Are Changing The Military Landscape

2.12.3 Thin Film Battery Transportation Market

2.12.4 Thin Film Battery Automotive Batteries

2.13 Thin Film Battery Stationary Power Market

2.14 Rechargeable Battery Industry

2.15 Market Driving Force For Micro Fuel Cells

2.16 Market Driving Force For Thin Film Batteries

2.17 Thin Film Battery Market Shares

2.17.1 Excellatron

2.17.2 VoltaFlex

2.17.3 Procter & Gamble / Duracell

2.17.4 Sony

2.17.5 SANYO Electric

2.8 Thin Film Batteries On Smart Cards

2.9 Thin Film Batteries in Implantable Medical Devices

2.9.1 Thin Film Batteries in Implantable Medical Devices Market Forecasts

2.9.2 Thin Film Batteries In Semiconductors And Integrated Circuits

2.10 Thin Film Batteries For Portable PCs

2.11 Thin Film Batteries On RFID Tags

2.11.1 RFID Technical Challenges

2.11.2 RFID Market Shares

2.11.3 RFID EPC Tag Market Shares

2.11.4 Symbol Technologies

2.11.5 Philips

2.11.6 Texas Instruments (TI)

2.11.7 Fujitsu RFID Tags

2.11.8 Impinj

2.11.9 EM Microelectronic

2.11.10 Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Market Driving Forces

2.11.11 RFID Market Forecasts

2.11.12 RFID EPC Tag Dollar Shipments

2.11.13 RFID EPC Tag Unit Shipments

2.12 Thin Film Battery Automotive And National Security Market

2.12.1 Integrated Thin Film Battery Personal Transport Power System Market Driving Forces

2.12.2 US And Its Allies Are Changing The Military Landscape

2.12.3 Thin Film Battery Transportation Market

2.12.4 Thin Film Battery Automotive Batteries

2.13 Thin Film Battery Stationary Power Market

2.14 Rechargeable Battery Industry

2.15 Market Driving Force For Micro Fuel Cells

2.16 Market Driving Force For Thin Film Batteries

2.17 Thin Film Battery Market Shares

2.17.1 Excellatron

2.17.2 VoltaFlex

2.17.3 Procter & Gamble / Duracell

2.17.4 Sony

2.17.5 SANYO Electric

3. THIN FILM LITHIUM AND LITHIUM ION BATTERY PRODUCT DESCRIPTION

3.1 Front Edge Technology (FET)

3.1.1 Front Edge Technology (FET) NanoEnergy Ultra-Thin Rechargeable Battery Technical Information

3.1.2 Front Edge Technology (FET) NanoEnergy High Temperature Performance

3.1.3 Front Edge Technology (FET) NanoEnergy Low Temperature Performance

3.1.4 Front Edge Technology (FET) NanoEnergy Safety and toxicity

3.2 Thin Film Solid State Batteries Construction

3.2.1 Excellatron High Rate Deposition Process (Plasma Enhanced Chemical Vapor Deposition)

3.2.2 Excellatron Process To Produce Thin Film Batteries

3.2.3 Excellatron Thin Film Battery Applications

3.2.4 Excellatron Thin Film Battery Smart Cards

3.2.5 Excellatron Thin Film Battery Long-Term Shelf Life

3.3 Eveready

3.4 ORNL Thin-Film Lithium Battery

3.4.1 ORNL Battery On A Chip

3.4.2 ORNL Thin-Film Lithium Cells

3.4.3 ORNL Thin-Film Lithium Cell Film Deposition

3.4.4 Eveready

3.5 Alternative Power for Autonomous MEMs

3.5.1 Solar Power

3.5.2 MEMS Research Laboratories

3.5.3 Thermoelectric Power

3.5.4 Alternative Energy Power Sources Useful For MEMs Applications

3.5.5 Micro Fuel Cells

3.5.6 Nuclear Batteries .

3.5.7 Biomolecular Motor

3.6 Energy Density

3.7 Thin-Film Rechargeable Lithium Batteries UT/Battelle Oak Ridge National Laboratory

3.8 Oak Ridge Micro-Energy

3.9 Lithium Technology

3.10 Sony Lithium-Ion Cells

3.11 Sanyo Electric Co.

3.11.1 BYD

3.12 Lithium-Ion/Polymer Cell Shipment Market Shares

3.13 Ultralife Batteries

3.13.1 Lithium Technology Corporation Technology Overview

3.14 Lithium Technology Corporation (LTC)

3.15 BYD

3.16 Industries International Incorporated (INDI),

3.17 Cymbet. Corporation

3.17.1 Cymbet Application Specific Solid Energy Technology

3.17.2 Cymbet Cells Packaging

3.17.3 Cymbet Consumer Electronics

3.17.4 Cymbet Medical Electronic Thin-Film Battery System

3.17.5 Cymbet Military Electronic Thin-Film Battery System Military Device Systems

3.17.6 Cymbet Military Electronic Thin-Film Battery System MEMs And Nanotechnology Device Systems

3.17.7 Cymbet. Secures $16.5 Million In Private Financing

3.18 Cymbet.

3.18.1 Cymbet. Combines The High Energy Density Of A Lithium Cobalt Oxide

3.18.2 Cymbet Thin Film Lithium Ion Cells

3.18.3 Cymbet Thin Film Battery System Advanced Features

3.18.4 Thin-Film Battery Rechargeable Solution

3.18.5 Thin-Film Battery Deposition Process

3.19 Power Paper Battery-Assisted UHF RFID Chips

3.20 Power Paper Thin And Flexible Energy Cells

3.20.1 Power Paper

3.20.2 Power Paper Customer Relationships

3.20.3 Power Paper $30 Million Funding

3.20.4 Power Paper Technology Thin And Flexible Power Applications

3.20.5 Power Paper & Graphic Solutions PowerIDT System

3.21 Power Paper Technology Platform

3.22 Graphic Solutions

3.23 EM Microelectronic

3.24 IPico

3.25 Thin and Flexible Micro-Powered Devices

3.26 Oak Ridge Micro-Energy

3.26.1 Oak Ridge Micro-Energy

3.26.2 Oak Ridge Micro-Energy Thin Film, Solid-State Batteries

3.26.3 Oak Ridge Micro-Energy Thin Film, Solid-State Batteries For Wireless Semiconductor Processing Diagnostic Wafers

3.26.4 Oak Ridge Micro-Energy Wireless Sensors Thin-Film Battery

3.26.5 Oak Ridge Micro-Energy Wireless Sensors Thin-Film Battery Active RFID System

3.27 KSW Microtec . TempSensR Paper-Thin Battery

3.27.1 KSW Microtec AG Jewel. Inlay

3.27.2 KSW Microtec AG Designs

3.28 Voltaflex Thin Film Batteries And Advanced Polymer Materials

3.29 VoltaFlex

3.30 Infinite Power Solutions Thin film Batteries Power Smart Cards And Radio Frequency Identification (RFID) Tags

3.30.1 Infinite Power Solutions Thin-Film Battery for RFID Sensors

3.30.2 Infinite Power Tire Pressure And Temperature Sensor

3.31 Teledyne

3.31.1 Teledyne Thin Film Battery Cycle life

4. THIN FILM LITHIUM AND LITHIUM ION BATTERY TECHNOLOGY

4.1 Smart Active Label Consortium Standardizes Sensors to Differentiate Active from Passive RFID Devices

4.1.1 Smart Active Label Consortium (SAL-C)

4.2 Smart Active Labels

4.2.1 Smart Active Label Consortium Extends ISO RFID Standards

4.3 Battery-Assisted Tags

4.4 Cell Construction

4.5 Impact Of Nanotechnology

4.5.1 Lithium Ion Cells Optimized For Capacity

4.5.2 Flat Plate Electrodes

4.5.3 Spiral Wound Electrodes

4.5.4 Multiple Electrode Cells ・

4.5.5 Fuel Cell Bipolar Configuration

4.5.6 Electrode Interconnections

4.5.7 Sealed Cells and Recombinant Cells

4.5.8 Battery Cell Casing

4.5.9 Button Cells and Coin Cells

4.5.10 Pouch Cells

4.5.11 Prismatic Cells

4.6 Thin Film Batteries

4.6.1 Thin Film Battery Timescales and Costs

4.7 Naming Standards For Cell Identification

4.7.1 High Power And Energy Density

4.7.2 High Rate Capability

4.8 Comparison Of Rechargeable Battery Performance

4.9 Polymer Film Substrate

4.10 Micro Battery Solid Electrolyte

5. THIN FILM LITHIUM AND LITHIUM ION BATTERY COMPANY PROFILES

5.1 Energizer Holdings

5.1.1 Eveready Battery Company

5.2 Excellatron

5.2.1 Excellatron Has Filed 20 Patent Applications

5.3 Front Edge Technology (FET)

5.4 Infinite Power Solutions

5.5 ITN Energy Systems

5.6 Johnson Research Thin Film Battery Products

5.6.1 Johnson Research Toys And Consumer Products

5.6.2 Johnson Research Environmental Energy Products

5.6.3 Johnson Research Energy Technology

5.7 KSW Microtec

5.7.1 KSW Microtec AG: Adhesive Flip Chip Technologies

5.7.2 KSW Microtec Smart Active Label Products

5.7.3 KSW Microtec AG Adhesive Flip Chip

5.8 Lithium Technology Corporation

5.8.1 Lithium Technology Centers

5.8.2 Lithium Technology Products

5.8.3 Lithium Technology Revenues

5.8.4 Lithium Technology Strategy for Growth

5.9 MPower Solutions

5.9.1 Mpower Solutions

5.9.2 MPower Solutions Product Experience

5.9.3 MPower Positioning

5.9.4 Capability

5.10 Oak Ridge Micro-Energy (OTCBB: OKME)

5.10.1 Oak Ridge Micro-Energy Chief Technical Officer

5.11 Procter & Gamble Company

5.11.1 Procter & Gamble Segments

5.11.2 Procter & Gamble Business Model

5.11.3 Procter & Gamble Key Product Categories

5.11.4 Procter & Gamble Key Customers

5.11.5 Duracell Batteries

5.12 Ultralife Batteries

5.12.1 Ultralife Target Markets

5.13 VoltaFlex Corporation